不定式和動名詞

1、不定式和動名詞一、動詞不定式：構(gòu)成：to + 動詞原形 （to只是不定式符號，沒有意義）1.動詞不定式作主語較長時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末 It + is/was+形容詞+(for sb.) +動詞不定式To learn English well is useful. = Its useful to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語是有用的。To protect environment is important for us.= Its important for us to protect environment. 對于我們來說保護(hù)環(huán)境是很重要的。2. I

2、t is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 動詞不定式 Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那樣做真的太聰明啦。3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花費(fèi)某人時間)4. 常見的跟不定式作賓語的動詞有： agree 同意, begin 開始, choose 選擇, dare 敢, decide 決定, expec

3、t 期望, forget 忘記, hate 憎恨, hope 希望, learn 學(xué)會, like 喜歡, love 喜愛, need 必要, offer 提供, prefer 寧愿, promise保證, refuse 拒絕, remember 記得, start 開始, try 設(shè)法, want 想要, wish 希望, would like想要5. 主語+ find / think + it +形容詞 + (for sb.) + to do I find it easy to read English every day. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語和容易的。 He felt it hard to

4、 sleep. 他覺得很難入睡。 I think it very interesting to learn English. 我認(rèn)為學(xué)英語很有趣。 We found it impossible to cross the river. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)過河是不可能的。6. 下列動詞跟動詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)助語： want 想要, wish 希望, ask 問, tell 告訴, order 命令, beg 乞求, help 幫助, advise 建議, allow 允許, prepare 準(zhǔn)備, call 叫, wait for 等待, invite 邀請 The question is difficul

5、t to answer. 這個問題很難回答The room is comfortable to live in. 這個房間住起來很舒服He is easy to get along with. 他很容易相處 Im glad to see you again. 很高興再次見到你She told me to buy a ticket. 她讓我去買張票7. help 后的不定式可帶to, 也可不帶toThe teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老師幫助學(xué)生學(xué)好英語。He often helps his mother (to)

6、 tidy up the room. 他經(jīng)常幫助他媽媽整理房間。8. 不定式作表語表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)”等Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打掃大廳。My dream is to be a teacher. 我的夢想是當(dāng)一名教師。9. 不定式作狀語的用法He worked day and night to get the money. （表目的）他日夜工作來賺錢。He is too young to go to school. （表結(jié)果）他太小以致不能上學(xué)。They were very sad to hear the news. （表原因）聽到這個

7、消息他們非常傷心。The question is simple for him to answer.（表程度）這個問題對他來說太容易回答了。10. 動詞不定式省to的情況A. 一感feel ,二聽 hear, listen to ,三使have, let, make, 四看see, watch, look at, noticeB. 不定式動詞在介詞but, except, besides后面時，如這些介詞前有實義動詞do的各種形式, 則后接不帶 to 的不定式。What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你還喜歡做什么？He does nothing bu

8、t watch TV every day. 他每天除了看電視，什么也不做。I have no choice but accept the fact. 除了接受這個事實我別無選擇。 C. would ratherthan, rather than 等結(jié)構(gòu)的than之后用不帶to的動詞不定式。 He would go back to his work rather than stay in hospital. I would prefer to stay here rather than go there. D. had better 后不接to 11. 不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not The

9、y told us not to play basketball too long. You had better not go to bed late. 12. 動詞不定式可以和疑問詞who, what, which, when, how, where(why除外)等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。 Can you tell me how to get to the post office? I didnt know what to do next. How to learn English well is the question that we all want to ask. The quest

10、ion is when to get there.二、動名詞 （動詞+ing）作用相當(dāng)于名詞 1. Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù)。 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。 a washing machine 洗衣機(jī)， a reading room 閱覽室 2. 下列動詞只能接動名詞（即動詞+ing） enjoy doing sth, 喜歡做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事, practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事 finish doing sth 做完某事feel like doing sth

11、想要做某事 keep doing sth 堅持做某事 be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事 spend(in) doing sth 花費(fèi)時間做某事have fun doing sth 盡情做某事 have a good time doing sth 做某事很快樂 prefer doing sth to doing sth 與相比更喜歡做某事cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事三、不定式與動名詞的比較 1有些動詞后面既可接不定式，也可

12、接動名詞，意義不變。如： begin 開始, start開始, hate 憎恨, like喜歡, love喜愛 2有些動詞后接不定式或名詞時，意義差別較大 1）stop doing sth 記得作過某事（某事已做過） stop to so sth記住去做某事（某事還沒做） 2）forget doing sth 忘了作過某事（某事已做過） forget to do sth 忘了去做某事（某事還沒做） 3）try to do sth 盡力去做某事 try doing sth 試一試，試試看 4）go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事（同一動作） go on to do sth 繼續(xù)去做某事（不

13、同的事） 5）stop doing sth 把某事停下來 stop to do sth停下（手中事）去做另外的事 非謂語動詞（不定式和動名詞）專練（ ）1. Mother told her son in the street. A. not play B. to not play C. doesnt play D. not to play( ) 2. His wish was a scientist. A. to becomes B. becomes C. become D. to become( ) 3. Its raining hard. Youd better . A. go out B

14、. not go out C. not to go out D. to not out( ) 4. Do you know washing machine? A. where to get B. to where to get C. where get D. to where get( ) 5. The students dont know next. A. how to B. what to do C. what do D. do what( ) 6. Would you mind me how English words?A. telling , to remember B. tellin

15、g, rememberC. tell, to remember D. tell, remember( ) 7. Mr Brown asked us to stop , and we stopped to him at once. A. talking, to listen to B. to talk, to listen C. talking, listening D. talk, listen( ) 8. What are you going to be after you finish college? Im going to be a singer, but my parents me

16、to be a doctor. A. hope B. want C. make D. let( ) 9. I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now. Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework.A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped( ) 10. Do you need to get there before ten? No, I . A. dont have to B. dont need C. cant D. mustnt( ) 11.

17、I go there this morning, so I stayed. A. needed not B. didnt need to C. didnt D. neednt( ) 12. After she finished the letter, she went to bed. A. to write B. writing C. written D. wrote( ) 13. It was very late at night, he still went on . A. works B. worked C. working D. work( ) 14. Have you finish

18、the book? Not yet. Ill try it to you before Friday.A. reading, returning, B. to read, to return C. reading, to return, D. to read, returning( ) 15. The old man is strong enough. He prefers to . A. walking, riding B. walk, ride C. to walk, ride D. walking, ride( ) 16. I have quite a few people . A. t

19、ake care of B. to take care of C. to take care D. take care( ) 17. I usually forget the door, but I remembered it when I left yesterday.A. closing, closing B. to close, to close C. to close, closing D. closing, to close( ) 18. Im made thirsty by the strange thing. A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. fe

20、lt( ) 19. Would you please ? A. not go there B. to go there C. going there D. not to go there( ) 20. Im sorry your friend is ill. A. hear B. to hear C. listen D. to listen( ) 21. Will you please tell John to come to my office? . A. Yes, I do B. Ill be glad C. Thank you D. Ill be glad to( ) 22. Have

21、you read the book? Its worth . A. read B. to read C. reading D. to reading( ) 23. This box is too heavy for the child . A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying D. carrying it( ) 24. The young man is old enough the army. A. join B. joining C. to join D. joins( ) 25. The flowers need . A. watering B. t

22、o water C. water D. watered( ) 26. Is Jim at home by himself? No. theres another boy with him. A. playing B. play C. plays D. to play( ) 27. Have you finished the work? Not yet, but no matter how hard it is, well keep until we make it. A. failed B. trying C. tried D. falling( ) 28. Do you want to ea

23、t something? . thanks. I am feeling sick now. I dont feel like . A. Yes, eating something B. No, to eat anythingC. Yes, to eat anything D. No, eating anything( ) 29. Do you still remember me something in Shanghai? Yes, of course. Two years ago.A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw( ) 30. It took us a lo

24、ng time Hawaii but we thought the journey was enjoyable. A. to get B. getting C. to reach D. reaching( ) 31. Its important the piano well. A. of him to play B. for him to play C. of him playing D. for him playing( ) 32. Good manners usually help people to each other. A. get on well with B. get started C. get together D. get ready( ) 33. Our teacher always tell us more English in and out of class. A. speak B. spoken C. to speak D. speaking( ) 34. My mother often asks me early. A. get