Booku語(yǔ)法鞏固課

1、高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題中的省略情況例析 省略概念 省略是為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息而省略句中的一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)句子成分并使上下文緊密連接的一種語(yǔ)法修辭手段，在語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用中，尤其在對(duì)話中，是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。在英語(yǔ)考試中，也經(jīng)常會(huì)采用微型語(yǔ)境的方法，使用省略手段來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)考試陷阱，增加考試的難度。在考試陷阱中，所涉及的省略情況一般有:詞的省略、句子成分的省略、多個(gè)成分的同時(shí)省略等。 一、承前省略陷阱 所謂承前省略指的是當(dāng)前后兩句結(jié)構(gòu)相同時(shí)，通?？蓪⒑笠唤Y(jié)構(gòu)與前一結(jié)構(gòu)相同的部分省略，從而使句子更簡(jiǎn)潔。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，這種省略考生是可以根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境做出正確理解的，但是，當(dāng)這種省略與其他英語(yǔ)句型相似并很容易發(fā)生混淆時(shí)，就

2、可能張冠李戴，步入誤區(qū)。如果命題者剛好抓住這一點(diǎn)來(lái)巧妙設(shè)題，就很可能構(gòu)成有一定難度的陷阱題。如： 1.What should I do with this passage? _the main idea of each paragraph.(2005重慶卷)Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out【分析】答案選【分析】答案選C。很容易誤選。很容易誤選A或或D，誤認(rèn)為這是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)問(wèn)句，誤認(rèn)為這是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)問(wèn)句可知，完整的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是可知，完整的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是You should find out.，此處是承前省略了，此處是

3、承前省略了You should，所以就是，所以就是Find out。2. My friend Mary is_beautiful girl and_girl everyone likes to work with.A. a， a B. a， the C. the， a D. the， the【分析】此題很容易誤選B，認(rèn)為第一次提到girl用不定冠詞，第二次提到就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。但其實(shí)最佳答案是A。句中第二次提到girl 時(shí)并不是特指的，此句實(shí)為一省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone like

4、s to work with. Jim is_brave boy and_boy never fearing anything.A. a， a B. a， the C. the， a D. the， the(2) It is _really useful dictionary and_dictionary every one of us needs.A. a， a B. a， the C. the， a D. the， the3. “What made her struggle to become an artist so hard?”“ _ she was a woman.”A. / B.

5、When C. That D. What【分析】此題最佳答案選 C。that 用以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句(此 that 不可省略)，其后的謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)等被省略，若補(bǔ)充完整，即為 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard. (1)“What made her so happy?”“_her son passed driving test.”A. That B. 不填 C. Since D. For(2)“What were you trying to prove to the police?”“_I was last

6、 night.”A. Where B. When C. That D. What4. If the weather is fine， well go. If_，_ .A. not， not B. no， no C. not， no D. no， not【分析】此題應(yīng)選A。If not， not. 為 If the weather is not fine， we will not go之省略。全句意為“如果天氣好，我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去”。該句的特點(diǎn)是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同，只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡(jiǎn)潔起見(jiàn)，于是將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞 not。又如：

7、If you study hard， youll succeed. If not， not. 你若努力，你就會(huì)成功；你若不努力，你就不會(huì)成功。 二、語(yǔ)境省略陷阱 這里所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)境省略指的是在一定的語(yǔ)境中，為了表達(dá)的簡(jiǎn)潔可省略有些不言而喻的信息。有時(shí)命題者巧妙地運(yùn)用這一省略手段可編制出一些非常高明的語(yǔ)境省略陷阱題。Boris has brains. In fact， I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest【分析】此題答案為B。此句實(shí)為Boris h

8、as brains. In fact， I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him之省略。省略than him后不僅句意仍然清楚，而且顯得更為簡(jiǎn)潔。句意為“我懷疑班上有沒(méi)有哪個(gè)人比他智商更高”，即“我認(rèn)為他可能是班上智商最高的”。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best “Ive never found _job.” “Congratulations.”A.

9、 a better B. a best C. the better D. the best(3) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh， wonderful. We couldnt have found_ place.”A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best(4) How cold it is! Weve never had_day this winter.A. a colder B. a cold C. the coldest D. the colder2. Shes too thin

10、. She_gain some weight but she_too little.would， ate B. will， eats C. would， eats D. will， ate【分析】根據(jù)句首的信息，“她瘦”是客觀事實(shí)，所以她“吃得少”也應(yīng)是事實(shí)，因此第二空應(yīng)填eats(即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí))。根據(jù)上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均為客觀事實(shí)，那么“她體重會(huì)增加”就應(yīng)是假設(shè)(注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but)，所以第一空應(yīng)填would。其實(shí)，此句可理解為but前省略了一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ) if she ate more (如果她多吃一點(diǎn)的話)。所以，此題最佳答案選C。三、結(jié)構(gòu)省略陷阱Who

11、 has eaten all the cake， Jim?Oh，_must be your two pet dogs.A. it B. they C. that D. which【分析】許多學(xué)生可能認(rèn)為此題應(yīng)選 B，因?yàn)槠浜蟮?your two pet dogs 為復(fù)數(shù)。但實(shí)際上，此題的最佳答案就是 A，此句實(shí)為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake 的省略形式。2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week， better_ityouv

12、e got some big bills coming.A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget【分析】此題最佳答案為 A。考查 had better 后接動(dòng)詞原形的用法。但是考題中將you had better 這一結(jié)構(gòu)省略成 better，致使許多同學(xué)一時(shí)看不出來(lái)。又如：Better go with him. 最好同他一起去。3. Why_skating there with us this afternoon?A. dont go B. not to go C. not go D. go no【分析】當(dāng)詢問(wèn)情況、提出建議或征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)，人

13、們通常將 Why dont you do.省略成 Why not do.，故答案選 C。四、狀語(yǔ)從句省略陷阱 為了簡(jiǎn)潔起見(jiàn)，有的狀語(yǔ)從句(如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句等)有時(shí)可省略從句的主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)(尤其是當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)包括有動(dòng)詞 be 時(shí))。While (he was) waiting， he saw Jim pass by. 他在等時(shí)見(jiàn)到吉姆路過(guò)。He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak. 他張開(kāi)口好像要說(shuō)話似的。Often she would weep when (she was) alone. 她一個(gè)人

14、時(shí)，常?？奁?。Id like to see you whenever (its) convenient.你方便時(shí)我想來(lái)看看你。 有些由 if 構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，已屬固定短語(yǔ)，如 if any， if necessary， if possible， if not， if so。如：There are few， if any， mistakes in that book. 那本書(shū)就是有錯(cuò)誤也不多。If necessary， ring me at home. 如果必要，可以打電話到我家找我。If possible， I wish to come next time. 如果可能，我希望下次能來(lái)。He m

15、ay be busy. If so， Ill call later. If not， can I see him now?他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以后再來(lái)拜訪。要是不忙，我現(xiàn)在可以見(jiàn)他嗎?1. He is a man of few words， and seldom speaks until _to.A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken【分析】此題容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 until 是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞形式。其實(shí)，此題應(yīng)選 A，until spoken to 為 until he is spoken to之省略。句意為“他是個(gè)沉默寡言的人，別

16、人不同他說(shuō)話，他也很少同別人說(shuō)話”。2. If _carefully ， the experiment will be successful.A. do B. does C. done D. doing【分析】答案選C，為if it is carefully done 之省略。3. The research is so designed that once_nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun【分析】答案選 D，為 once it is begun 之省略。 五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣

17、省略陷阱五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣省略陷阱 在虛擬條件句中，有時(shí)可將引導(dǎo)條件從句的連詞 if 省略，而將從句中的 were， should， had 等提到句首。如：Were I Tom， I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我會(huì)拒絕。I will go， should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我會(huì)去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞，我們就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)了。 值得注意的是，若條件從句為否定句，否定詞 not 應(yīng)置于主語(yǔ)之后，而不能與were， should， had

18、 等縮略成 Werent， Shouldnt， Hadnt 而置于句首。另外，有時(shí)省略if 后提前的 had 不是助動(dòng)詞。如：Had I time， I would come. 假若我有時(shí)間，我會(huì)來(lái)的。（=If I had time.）請(qǐng)看一道試題：It_very silly to argue any more against each other about it_true.A. will be；could that be B. must be； could that beC. should be；was that to be D. would be； should that be【分析】有

19、些同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為主句表示推測(cè)，從而將答案誤選為【分析】有些同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為主句表示推測(cè)，從而將答案誤選為 B。其實(shí)，只要分析一下句子成分就很簡(jiǎn)單了。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均。其實(shí)，只要分析一下句子成分就很簡(jiǎn)單了。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且第為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且第 2 空所給選項(xiàng)為倒裝，這正好與虛擬語(yǔ)氣空所給選項(xiàng)為倒裝，這正好與虛擬語(yǔ)氣中省略中省略 if 時(shí)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)一致。由此可知該題考查與將來(lái)相反的時(shí)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)一致。由此可知該題考查與將來(lái)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。故答案選虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。故答案選 D。 六、讓步從句省略陷阱 在由 though， as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句的表語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，將名詞提前時(shí)，名詞前面的冠詞

20、a 須省略。如：Child asthoughhe is， he knows much about the society.= Though he is a child， he knows much about the society.盡管他還是個(gè)小孩，但他對(duì)社會(huì)的了解不少。1._as it is， it can understand you.A. A dog B. Dog C. Dogs D. The dog2. _， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.(2005重慶卷)A. quiet student as he ma

21、y beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student現(xiàn)場(chǎng)綜合演練The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.(07四川) A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water答案:A解析:在unless 后省略了it is。 2. He dressed up and went to the party as if_. (07.山東診斷二)A. was

22、 invited B. had been invited C. invited D. to be invited答案：C解析：as if 后省略了he was。3._broken, the glass can not hold water. (06石家莊質(zhì)檢)A Once B. After C. On D. Though答案：A解析 完整形式應(yīng)該是：Once the glass is broken。 4. Does your brother intend to study German? Yes, he intends_.A / B to C so D that答案：B 解析 intend to 后省略了study German。5