基于語篇的單詞教學(xué)

1、基于語篇的單詞教學(xué)是指在具體語境中教學(xué)單詞，主張把單詞融入句子中教學(xué)，從整體入手，展現(xiàn)給學(xué)生完整的語言概念。基于語篇的單詞教學(xué)其核心思想在于在課堂教學(xué)中創(chuàng)設(shè)語境，讓學(xué)生在情景中體驗(yàn)并運(yùn)用語言，更為具體地說就是通過有意義的語言輸入來激活有意義的語言輸出。在小學(xué)英語教學(xué)中進(jìn)行基于語篇情境下教學(xué)單詞有利于提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的動力。下面筆者以近日教學(xué)PEP Book 6 Unit 2 A Let's Learn為例，談?wù)劸唧w的感受。一、語篇，讓舊知復(fù)現(xiàn)更有量 基于語篇的單詞教學(xué)，要求教師在教學(xué)中要時刻重視已學(xué)過的各種單詞和句型，讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用有關(guān)舊知對新知進(jìn)行感悟理解和描述表達(dá)，以此

2、既達(dá)到降低新知難度的目的，又拓展了新知運(yùn)用的平臺。在本節(jié)課中筆者在課堂的熱身階段，將相關(guān)已學(xué)的單詞和句型進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的整合，幫助學(xué)生能以篇輸出相關(guān)的知識，使舊知的復(fù)現(xiàn)更有量。片段1：T: Hello, boys and girls. What's the weather like today?S: It's sunny.T: Is it warm today?S: Yes, it is.T: So it's .S: It's sunny and warm today.T: Thanks, how about this picture?（CAI呈現(xiàn)一些天氣圖片）Wh

3、at's the weather like it?S1: It's sunny and hot.S2: It's rainy and cool.S3: It's snowy and cold.片段2：T: When it's sunny and warm, what do you wear?（CAI呈現(xiàn)一些服飾圖片）S: I wear my sweater. T: What colour is your sweater?S: They are white, blue and yellow.T: Which one is your favourite?S:

4、 I like yellow.T: So yellow is your favourite colour?S: Yes, I like yellow.T: It is a warm colour.T: So when it's sunny and warm, she usually wears her yellow sweater.S1: It's sunny and warm, I usually wear my brown boots. S2: It's snowy and cold. I usually wear my coat. Sometimes I wear

5、 my jacket.片段3：T: It's sunny and warm. I usually wear my shirt. And I usually go hiking with my friends. How about you?S1: It's windy and cool. I usually wear my shirt and jeans. I usually fly kites with my friend.S2: It's sunny and warm. I usually wear my blue shirt. I usually go hiking

6、 and climb mountains with my parents.S3: It's snowy and cold. I usually wear my coat and boots. I usually play with snow.S4: .在熱身復(fù)習(xí)到導(dǎo)入新授的過程中，教師以圖片創(chuàng)設(shè)的情境，與學(xué)生一起交流，建立本課的基本語篇，喚醒學(xué)生頭腦中的舊知，實(shí)現(xiàn)了語言輸出量的最大化，從而為能順利運(yùn)用這些語言素材描繪和感受新知奠定基礎(chǔ)。二、語篇，新知學(xué)習(xí)更有效詞匯教學(xué)的一條行之有效的途徑就是要讓詞匯教學(xué)貫穿語篇教學(xué)的全過程，把詞匯的內(nèi)涵、外延和學(xué)生的情感認(rèn)知相融合，讓學(xué)生在具體的語言環(huán)

7、境中感受其意思，獲得深刻的印象，達(dá)到積累和正確運(yùn)用的目的，使語言新知的學(xué)習(xí)更加有效。片段1： What's the weather like in spring?It's usually _. Sometimes it's _. What do you wear in spring?I usually wear _. Sometimes I wear _. What do you do in spring?I usually _. Sometimes I _. What can you see in spring?I can see _.在這一階段的教學(xué)中，教師組織學(xué)生

8、以上述片段中四個問題進(jìn)行討論新授單詞：spring。因?yàn)橛辛藷嵘黼A段大量的語言輸出，學(xué)生對每個問題的回答都侃侃而談，各抒己見。接著，筆者及時將片段中的問題隱去，要求學(xué)生以剛剛討論的四個方面為基礎(chǔ)來整體描述spring，組織學(xué)生與同伴相互繼續(xù)討論，各抒己見，在相互的傾聽和傾述中，豐富和完善自己關(guān)于spring的描述。片段2：S: Spring is fine.It's usually sunny and warm. Sometimes it's windy and rainy.Spring is beautiful.I usually wear my yellow sweater

9、. Sometimes I wear my black jacket.Spring is happy.I usually go hiking and fly kites. Sometimes I climb mountains with my parents.Spring is colourful.I can see many colourful flowers and colourful clothes.I like spring very much.S2: Spring is nice.It's usually warm. Sometimes it's cool.I usu

10、ally wear my pink shirt and my pink skirt. Sometimes I wear my red sweater.I usually draw pictures in the park with my dad. Sometimes I have a picnic with my parents.I can see many beautiful flowers and sweet strawberries.S3: Spring is busy.It's often rainy and wet.I usually help my mom wash the

11、 clothes.The bees and butterflies are busy too.They fly in the flowers.The farmers are busy.They plant in the field.詞匯之所以具有豐富的語言意義，除了它本身所含有的基本意思之外，更豐富的詞匯意義主要通過一定的語篇來表達(dá)。三、語篇，新知鞏固更有“味”語言學(xué)習(xí)最好的鞏固方式就是運(yùn)用。詞匯因?yàn)檎Z篇才能更好地體現(xiàn)出其豐富的詞匯意義，詞匯一旦離開具體的語言載體，就是一個個抽象的符號，缺失了豐富的意義，更無神韻可言；語篇，作為詞匯賴以生存的主要沃土，它滋潤著其中一個個詞匯，使它們變得鮮活有“

12、味”。片段1：S1: When it's rainy and warm, spring is here.When it's sunny and hot, summer is here.When it's windy and cool, fall is here.When it's snowy and cold, winter is here.S2: Spring is a sweet season. I can eat sweet strawberries.Summer is a sweet season. I can eat sweet ice-cream.F

13、all is a sweet season. I can eat sweet apples.Winter is a sweet season. I can eat sweet candies.S3: Spring is happy. In spring, the fish run with the water. The clouds play with the kites. The trees dance with the wind.Summer is happy too. In summer, the kids swim in the lake. The kids play football

14、 in the playground. The kids eat ice watermelons.在課堂教學(xué)中，基于語篇的單詞教學(xué)中，通過語篇帶動語境的創(chuàng)設(shè)，通過語篇帶動語量的輸出，通過語篇帶動語用的實(shí)踐。在整理和傾訴語篇中，學(xué)生的舊知被激活，新授單詞密切依托生成于語境中，通過理解、仿說、記憶、鞏固新授單詞，最終完成“語量”的積累，同時新語篇也自然地形成，讓學(xué)生帶著濃濃的情感進(jìn)行“語用”的體驗(yàn)。基于語篇的單詞教學(xué)需要注意語言支架的構(gòu)建，應(yīng)該從有到無，再從無到有，在平時的語篇教學(xué)過程中應(yīng)該有這樣的意識，循序漸進(jìn)，由易到難，由少到多，逐步培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的語篇輸出能力。同時，基于語篇的單詞教學(xué)還需要遵循幾點(diǎn)原則：1. 整體性原則單詞教學(xué)中的語篇必須作為一個完整的整體出現(xiàn)，具有相對完整的語意和語境，也有相對完整的語用目的和語意功能。因此，在教學(xué)中應(yīng)把單詞構(gòu)建的語篇材料作為一個整體來處理，隨著文本的展開，把相應(yīng)的詞匯知識滲透在整個的教學(xué)過程中，做到字不離句，句不離篇。2. 整合性原則單詞教學(xué)既是一個獨(dú)立的整體，又是單元教學(xué)的一部分，在教學(xué)過程中，把握教材間的聯(lián)系，合理整合成相應(yīng)的語篇后再進(jìn)行教學(xué)。除教學(xué)內(nèi)容的整合外，根據(jù)每個主題自身的特點(diǎn)，采用多種教學(xué)方法，進(jìn)