高中語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句的詳細(xì)講解

1、定語(yǔ)從句詳解與練習(xí)（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why.注意：關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)不同的句子成分，定語(yǔ)從句中缺主、賓、表，用關(guān)系代詞；缺狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系副詞，何為句子成分？五大基本句1. 主 + 謂（Vi） I com

2、e.2. 主 + 謂（Vt）+ 賓 I love you.3. 主 + 謂（Vt）+ 間賓 + 直賓 I give him a book.4. 主 + 謂（Vt）+ 賓 + 賓補(bǔ) I make him happy.5. 主 + 系 + 表 I am tall.（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。The house which is by the lake looks nice. （主） 湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This is&#

3、160;the pen（which）he bought yesterday. （賓） 這是他昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜歡跳舞,她弟弟從不喜歡。2that 指人/ 物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。The number of people that come to visit this city each year re

4、aches one million.（人 主）每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。Where is the man（that）I saw this morning? （人 賓）我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.（人 表）他已經(jīng)不再是以前那個(gè)小男孩兒了。The season that comes after spring is summer. （物

5、主）  春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。The person （that）you introduced to me is very kind.（物 賓）   你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。3. who  指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (主) 

6、60;正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。He is the man（who）I talked about to you.（賓）他就是我給你提到的那位男士。He is no longer the man who he used to be. (表) 他不再是以前的那個(gè)他了。      4whom  指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want&#

7、160;to see.      李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。5whose  指人/ 物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，表所屬，“的”I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. （人）  我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。I once lived in the&#

8、160;house whose roof has fallen in. （物）  我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。特殊情況歸納總結(jié)規(guī)則1：關(guān)系代詞若在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)并且前面無(wú)介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。She is the woman (whom/ who/ that) I saw yesterday.規(guī)則2：定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致I, who am your close friend, will try my best to he

9、lp you.(2)one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+ 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.Tom is the only one of the boys who has passed the exam(3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，由關(guān)系代詞as 或which代替整個(gè)主句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。Great changes have taken place in China, as/ which is known to all.規(guī)則3：定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系

10、代詞只能用that 的情況(1) 修飾詞 + 先行詞 + that（the only, the very, any, few, the first, the best 等 ）This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.(2) 先行詞為不定代詞 + that(everything, something, nobody, none, all, few, any等 )All that can be done has been don

11、e.Is there anything that you want to buy?(3)Who/ Which(主句的主語(yǔ))+ that (避免重復(fù))Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the book that you bought yesterday?(4) 先行詞（人+物）+ thatWe talked about the books and writers that we knew.(5)有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)用了which,另一個(gè)則用that.They have set up a company, which de

12、als with the things that are related to environment protection.(6)當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用that.Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.規(guī)則4：定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用which 的情況(1)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)_, which/ who/ who. The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(2) in / on/ from (介詞) + whic

13、h / whomWe depend on the land from which we get our food.He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.(3) 有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)用that,另一個(gè)則用which規(guī)則5: 指人時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用who 的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是anyone, those 時(shí)Is there anyone who can help me?(2) 有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)用that,另一個(gè)則用who規(guī)則6: whose 既可以指人又可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，后跟名詞。 指物時(shí)，

14、whose+名詞=名詞+of which= of which + 名詞The classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor.規(guī)則7：as 和 which的區(qū)別(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有時(shí)還可以插入句中，意為“正如,正像”；which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，譯成“這”As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.Smoking is harmful to

15、 ones health, as /which is known to all.(2)特殊代詞as 的用法 . suchasI hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. soasI have never seen so clever a boy as he (is).the same as (表同一類)/ the samethat（表同一個(gè)）This is the same pen as I lost last week.這只筆跟我昨天掉的那支筆一樣。This is the same pen that I lost last week.這支筆就

16、只我昨天掉的那支筆。規(guī)則8：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，指人時(shí)用whom, 指物時(shí)用which某些帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，介詞可以提至關(guān)系代詞前，但在一些固定搭配的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可以分割，不能將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如 take care of, look for, look after, care for等。He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.He is the boy whom I borrowed the book from.This is the book which/ that I am looking for.（三

17、）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；when=表示時(shí)間的介詞（in/at/on/during）+which.I still remember the days when/during which I stayed in Beijing.(作狀)I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作賓）2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，where=表示地點(diǎn)的介詞（in/at/on/under）+which.He showed me the place where/in which he

18、 lived.(作狀)This is the place which/that we visited last year.（作賓）3. why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，why=表示原因的介詞（for）+whichI dont know the reason why/ for which he looks unhappy today. (作狀)The reason which/that you gave us was unacceptable. （作賓）特殊情況歸納總結(jié)規(guī)則1：the way 作先行詞的時(shí)候，定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主、賓、表時(shí)，用in which, that, / 。定語(yǔ)從句中若

19、缺主、賓、表，則用 which, that。The way (in which, that, /) he answered the questions was suprising.The way (which , that) he explained to us was quiet simple. 規(guī)則2：一些特殊的先行詞如 situation, point, case, activity, scene, period, festival, occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析，作主、賓、表時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞 that/ which; 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where/ when 或“介詞+wh

20、ich”。There is a point (that/ which) we must insist on.We are just trying to reach a point (where/ at which) both sides will sit down together and talk.注意：定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞選擇規(guī)則：作主、賓、表關(guān)系代詞（which/that/who/whom/as）作狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞（where/when/why）作定語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞（whose）(四)定語(yǔ)從句和其他句型之間的區(qū)別1. 定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 He is such a good boy as ever

21、yone likes.He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與并列句He said nothing, which made me angry.He said nothing, and that made me angry.There are two boys in Peters, both of whom are white.There are two boys in Peters, and both of them are white.3. 定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句This kind of plant grows be

22、st at the place where it is warm and wet. This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet. 4. 定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句 As is known to us all, the light on the earth is given by the sun. It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun. What is known to us all is that the light on the e

23、arth is given by the sun.5. 定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It was a small village that / which we know. It was in this small village that we got to know each other.（五）檢測(cè):(一)1This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory _computers are built ? A. that

24、 B. which C. in which D. in that3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose  B.its  C. which  D. which of4.The man _has arrived .  A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade _we are talking ?&#

25、160;A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born . A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in

26、 class .A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which10.The school _I study is a new one . A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands,_the largest is Taiwan . A. in whi

27、ch B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what  B. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house _door faces to the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _your father nodded ? A. whom B. to w

28、hom C. to who D. about whom15.Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt . A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _I know . A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun . A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18

29、. Is this factory _we visited last year ? A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _was there ? A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ? A. that B. which C. whose D. who21. I still remember the day _she first wore that green

30、dress .  A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22. The knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp . A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _the young men competed in were difficult .A.      in which B. which C. it D. who 24.It rained ha

31、rd yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.       A. who             B. whom     

32、60;       C. he          D. which              26.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 27.She heard a terr

33、ible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that 28.In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 29.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect. A.what B.which C.that D.it 30.Afte

34、r living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when 31Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.A. it B.that C.when D.which 32Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course ,

35、made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable. A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose34._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. A.As B.It C.That D.Which 35.He lived in Lon

36、don for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English. A.this B.which C.that D.same36.On the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue. A.whose B.of which C.which D.its37.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. A.what B.which C.that D.when38.The visitor asked the g

37、uide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. A.that B.where C.which D.there39.The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose40.I dont like _ you speak to her. A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which41.I h

38、ad neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._ I got wet through . A.Its the reason B.Thats why C.Theres why D.Its how42.He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it isC.which I think it D.I think which is43.He was very rude to the customs of

39、ficer, _ of course made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.what D.whcih 44.There are three bedrooms in the house,_ is Mary's. A the smallest of which   B the smaller of which   C the smallest of them   D the smallest one  45.The Greens will move into the new

40、 house next Monday,_ it will be completely finished.A by the time   B by which time  C by that time  D by this time 46.Alice has a large collection of phone,_ was taken in london.A none of them   B no one of which   C all of which  D none of which47.With

41、the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught before  lived a happy life.A who   B whose   C in whose   D in which 48.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow.A whose  B of   which  C it's   D t

42、hat 49.She may have missed her train, in _ case she won't arrive for another hour.A what   B that   C which   D this 50.There are two thousand students in our school,_ are girls.A two-thirds in which   B two-thirds in them  C two-thirds of them 

43、D of whom two thirds （二）1.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where th

44、ey stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to whi

45、ch C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place in the factory _we are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the boo

46、k _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _

47、my father works is about 50 years old. A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in _you have said. A. all that B.all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary

48、 _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.

49、I went with him 19.I don't like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C.

50、whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title

51、of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A.for which B.for that C.in which D what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent

52、together. A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working per

53、fectly. A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.whi

54、ch C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A.as was B. which was C.as w

55、ere D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C.

56、 who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A.what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effec