2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題話題訓(xùn)練學(xué)案二十：科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)

1、2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題話題訓(xùn)練學(xué)案二十：科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)Part A ReadingPassage 1題材:科普實(shí)驗(yàn)詞數(shù):311建議時(shí)間:7分鐘A build-it-yourself solar still（ 蒸儲(chǔ)器）is one of the best ways toobtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readilyavailable.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,it ' s an excellent wa

2、ter collector.Unfortunately, you must carry thenecessary equipment with you, since it' s all but impossible to find naturalsubstitutes.The only components required, though, are a 55' sheet of x clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and acontainer perhaps just a drinking

3、cup- to catch the water.These piecescan be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a holefour feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp areato increase the water catcher s productivity.Place your cup

4、 in the deepestpart of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all theway in the cup and the rest of the line runs up-and out the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet' s center down wit

5、h a rock.Theplastic should now form a cone（U 錐體）with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporate或發(fā)）and collects on the sheet unti

6、l small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup.When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won ' t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first para

7、graph?A. It ' s delicate.B. It ' spensive.C. It ' s complex.D. It ' s portable.2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher ” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.3. What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole

8、of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheets center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from.A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheetPassage 2題材:科普知識(shí)詞數(shù)：311建議時(shí)間：8分鐘Women are frie

9、ndly. But men are more competitive.Why?Researchers have found it' s all down to the hormoneoxytocin（荷爾蒙催生素）.Although known as the love hormone,it affects the sexes differently.“Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others.But men tend to be competitive.They are trying

10、to improve their social status, " said Professor Ryan.Generally,people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions（E 動(dòng)）such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previou

11、s experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize frie

12、ndship.Professor Ryan ' s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.Half of the participants（參與者）received oxytocin.The other half received placebo凄慰齊1J）.After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.Following eac

13、h treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.The questions were about telling friendship from competition.And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial expre

14、ssions.The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin,meri s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concludd: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxyt

15、ocin can raise people ' s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions.And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors（!素）that are mainly hormonal.I.What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?A. Placebo.B. Oxytocin.C

16、. The gesture.D. The social status.2 .What can we learn from Professor Ryan' s previous experiment?A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others'success.D. Oxytocin im

17、proves our abilities to understand people' s behaviordifferences.3 .Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.B. To know the differences between friendship and competition.C. To know people ' s diffe

18、rent abilities to answer questions.D. To test people ' s understanding of bodyageg4 .The author develops the text by.A. explaining people ' s behaviorsB. describing his own experiencesC. distinguishing sexual differencesD. discussing research experimentsPart B Writing一、話題語料積累E. 話題詞匯積累? g r?k

19、?lt?浜業(yè)，農(nóng)藝，農(nóng)學(xué) ?$tr?n?min.天文學(xué)?ba?kem?strin.生物化學(xué)?b?t?nin.植物學(xué)i?k?l?d?in.生態(tài)學(xué)?i?k?豁t?mn.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?fa?n?nsn.財(cái)政，金融? g a ?dn?比學(xué)?medsnn醫(yī)學(xué)nju?tr?nn.營(yíng)養(yǎng),營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)st?TSt?<sn.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)，統(tǒng)計(jì)表?l?r?t?7r)n.文學(xué)l ?n法律，法規(guī)，定律? g lrt,角度曲k?n?strk?nn.建造，建設(shè);建筑物?b?trin.電池bi?mn.光線，波束?k?psju?ln 太空艙seln.細(xì)胞，蜂房，電池k?m?pju?t（r）n.計(jì)算機(jī)，電腦?de?bean.資料庫，數(shù)據(jù)

20、庫f?ksn.傳真d?i?n.基因?makr?sk?pn.顯微鏡?makr?we?/n.微波?pl?n?tn.天行星. ?Zt?netn.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因特網(wǎng)?r?b?tn.機(jī)器人?r?k幻n.火箭?s?t?la%n.人造衛(wèi)星?kw$m?ntn.裝備，設(shè)備?k?kri?tn 混凝土國?lek?tr?tin.電;電能?sa?sn.科學(xué)tek?n?d?in.技術(shù)?kj?r?sin.精確度，準(zhǔn)確性前?eRp&n.領(lǐng)空®? g r?v?tinfe心引力，重力kl ?nv.無性繁殖，克隆k?mju?n?e?nn.表達(dá)，交流，通信手段d?Vel?pm?ntn.發(fā)展，開發(fā)©p?lu?n

21、.污染?redi?mn.鐳pr?si?d?(?)n.程序，手續(xù)spe?sn.空間,?ju?n?sn宇宙tek?ni?kn技術(shù);技巧F. 話題佳句積累We can send e-mails the Internet我們能通過因特網(wǎng)發(fā) 電子郵件。 The Internet is very(help) and is widely used in many fields.因特網(wǎng)非常有幫助而且在許多領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用。When did this kind of car(invent)?這種汽車是什么時(shí)候 創(chuàng)造出來的？ Do you think there will be (robot) in people

22、' s home in the future?你認(rèn)為將來人們的家中會(huì)有機(jī)器人嗎？ moon moves around the earthl 亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。二、綜合練習(xí)1 .詞句練習(xí)(1)根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子 These students often(網(wǎng)上沖浪)through mobile phones.（與本目比）that one, this mobile phone issmaller.These books（占的地方太大）in the room.（發(fā)短消息）can save time.This kind of e-dictionary is （質(zhì)量輕、體積 小、易于攜帶）. Hav

23、ing a mobile phone, I can talk with my friend over it（隨時(shí)隨地）I like.Unlike him, I（更喜歡電子詞典）.This mobile phone can（伴有讀音）,so you needn ' t read the message you get.This e-dictionary （有許多功能）. Many people like （高科技產(chǎn)品）.（2）翻譯句子隨著科技的發(fā)展，電腦越來越廣泛地應(yīng)用于許多領(lǐng)域。他們創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)新設(shè)計(jì)的旨在幫助人們做家務(wù)的機(jī)器人這種機(jī)器是由電腦控制的一旦你按下按鈕，它就會(huì)幫你清洗碗碟。當(dāng)

24、有新產(chǎn)品問世時(shí)，在它投入使用之前，一定要對(duì)它進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)我最終決定進(jìn)入數(shù)碼時(shí)代，購買一部手機(jī)。近年來快遞業(yè)在中國發(fā)展很快。2 .段落練習(xí)調(diào)整下列句子的順序，使其成為一篇由兩個(gè)自然段構(gòu)成的文理通 順的短文。 In a word, the Internet has made our life more colourful.How fantastic it is! Last but not least, we can even shop on the net, chat with other people and make friends with them. Moreover, the Interne

25、t creates learning opportunities, such as going to net universities, reading various kinds of books and learning foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, the Internet is also a popular means of communication, through which we can send emails and make phone calls. The Internet is playing a more and m

26、ore important part in our life. We can enjoy music, watch sports matches and play chess or cards. On the net, we can learn news both at home and abroad and have access to all kinds of useful information as well. Meanwhile, we can download some academic data.組成短文后的正確順序?yàn)椋? .篇章練習(xí)學(xué)校正在組織科技創(chuàng)新大賽，你想為日常生?S中某

27、件物品（如鋼 筆、書包、鞋子）設(shè)計(jì)添加新功能來參賽。請(qǐng)以“My magic為題寫一篇英語短文，介紹你的創(chuàng)意。內(nèi)容：（1）說明設(shè)計(jì)理由；（2）介紹新功能。注意:（1）詞數(shù)不少于120（2）不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。My magic 單選模擬仿真練1.1 f you need someone with professional computer knowledge,to Joe.A. talksB.talkingC.talk D.talked2.Unless you are brave enough to speak up, you ' Chances to make yourself

28、understood.A. moreB.lessC.much D.fewer3.In China, New Year ' s Day isn ' t a big momewtth the Spring Festival.A. comparing B.comparedC. to compare D.being compared4How was your trip to Switzerland? Perfect! How I wish you with us!A. have been B.areC.wereD.had been5.Susan ' s voice still

29、remained calm she was getting annoyed.A. even ifB.as long asC.as ifD.now that6.My granny does the crossword puzzle each day her mind sharp.A.to keepB.keptC.having keptD.to be kept7.So heavy that I felt great relief after taking it off.A.is the load B.the load wasC.was the loadD.the load is8.For bett

30、er sound effects, he was asked to speak the microphone during the whole process.A.in B.for C.into D.from9Could you give me some advice on getting a job? First, find out you like doing best.A.what B.which C.how D.why10.I for six months.I ' m really out of shape.A.hadn ' t exercisedB.didn '

31、; t exerciseC.don ' t exeseD.haven ' t exercised11 Daddy, how much do you earn an hour? If you know, $20 an hour.A.may B.must C.canD.should12Something smells really good here!You my easier cookies.Have one!A.smellB.are smellingC.were smellingD.smelt13 .A new learning center has been built in

32、 the school, students to get to know the world more easily.A.allowB.allowedC.to allowD.allowing14 .Jack will hold a meeting people can voice their opinions on today ' s global economy.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whose15The tickets to Texas are not available now.Oh.Flights fast at festivals.A.soldB.sel

33、lC.will sell D.havesold答案Topic 20科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)Part A ReadingPassage 1高級(jí)語塊1.1 n place準(zhǔn)備妥當(dāng)；準(zhǔn)備就緒2 .fall off into 落入;注入3 .all the way自4臺(tái)至終高級(jí)句式1 .A build-it-yourself still is one of the best ways to obtain drinking wate門n areas where the liquid is not readily available不定式短語 to obtain 作定語修飾 ways,其中where引導(dǎo)定語從句

34、修飾 areas）2 .Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up-and out- the side of the hole.（so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中and連接前后兩個(gè)并列分句。）語篇解讀本文為說明文，題材為科普實(shí)驗(yàn)類。文章具體描述了利用 自制太陽能蒸儲(chǔ)器獲取飲用水的方法。1.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句，尤其是尾句These pieces can be folded into a neat little

35、 pack and fastened on your beKT知該裝置是 可折疊的、便攜的，故答案為D項(xiàng)。2.B猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，畫線短語指代的是該段首 句中的a working still,故答案為B項(xiàng)。3c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段可知四個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確的順序是A B D- C,故答案為C項(xiàng)。4.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段前兩句可知該裝置是利用蒸發(fā)到塑料薄 片上的水分凝聚成水滴，最后滴落到杯子中，故答案為D項(xiàng)。Passage 2高級(jí)語塊1 .be down to 歸因于2.share sth. with sbW某人分享某事/物3.switch sth. with sb和某人交換某物

36、高級(jí)句式1 .Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions（互動(dòng)）such as falling in love or giving birth. （that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中含有and連接的并列句）2 .Further researches showed that in men t

37、he hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.（that弓 |導(dǎo)賓語從句）語篇解讀本文為說明文，題材為科普知識(shí)類。文章通過Ryan教授 的實(shí)驗(yàn)得知：荷爾蒙催生素可以使人們更好地辨別不同社交互動(dòng)的能 力，男女行為的不同主要是由荷爾蒙生理因素引起的。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知：雖然荷爾蒙催生素被 認(rèn)為是愛情荷爾蒙，但是它對(duì)男女有不同的影響。所以答案是

38、B項(xiàng)。2c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知：在先前的實(shí)驗(yàn)里Ryan教授發(fā)現(xiàn), 在消極的社交互動(dòng)中，比如妒忌，荷爾蒙也可以在我們身體里被釋放。所以答案為C項(xiàng)（當(dāng)我們對(duì)別人的成功感到不高興時(shí)，我們的身體會(huì)釋 放荷爾蒙催生素）。3 .A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知：進(jìn)一步的研究表明，荷爾蒙催生素 可以提高男性認(rèn)識(shí)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系的能力，但是它可以提升女性認(rèn)識(shí)友誼的 能力。通過這個(gè)研究結(jié)果可以推斷出來Ryan教授做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是檢測(cè)荷爾蒙催生素對(duì)人們?cè)谡J(rèn)識(shí)社交互動(dòng)能力方面的影響，故選A 項(xiàng)。4 .D 推理判斷題。第一段中提到 Researchers have found.第四段提 到先前實(shí)驗(yàn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，剩下文章詳細(xì)介

39、紹了最近實(shí)驗(yàn)的具體過程和結(jié)果，所以可以推斷出作者是通過討論研究實(shí)驗(yàn)來寫這篇文章的，故選D 項(xiàng)。Part B Writing一、話題語料積累1 .話題詞匯積累agriculture astronomy biochemistry botany ecology ecosystem CD finance ©gardening medicine ® nutrition 憧statistics 陽literature 圖law 因angle 制construction b battery beam capsule cell 叼 computer 囹 database修fax 怪gene

40、 microscope I對(duì)microwave 匠planetInternetrobot 因 rocket 嗝 satellite 附 equipment 陽 concrete 憤electricity 晚Science technology Inaccuracy 岡airspace 懈I gravity 展I clone 卜明 communication Ini development m pollutionradium procedure space I'： universe 喇 technique2 .話題佳句積累through/on helpful be invented robots The二、綜合練習(xí)1 .詞句練習(xí)(1)surf the Internet Compared with take too much spaceSending short messages light in weight, small in size and easy to carry©anytime and anywhere CD prefer the edictionary be accompanied with the pronunciation has many functions ©products