國際海上避碰規(guī)則中英

1、1972 年 國 際 海 上 避 碰 規(guī) 則INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA, 1972（第1- 19條）第一章總 則 Part A General第 一 條 Rule 1適 用 范 圍 Application1 本規(guī)則條款適用于公海和連接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。(a)These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seag

2、oing vessels. 2本規(guī)則條款不妨礙有關(guān)主管機關(guān)為連接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外錨地、江河、湖泊或內(nèi)陸水道所制訂的特殊規(guī)定的實施。這種特殊規(guī)定，應盡可能符合本規(guī)則條款。(b)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere in the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigabl

3、e by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.3本規(guī)則條款不妨礙各國政府為軍艦及護航下的船舶所制定的關(guān)于額外的隊形燈、信號燈、號型或笛號，或者為結(jié)隊從事捕魚的漁船所制定的關(guān)于額外的隊形燈、信號燈或號型的任何特殊規(guī)定的實施。這些額外的隊形燈、信號燈、號型或笛號，應盡可能不致被誤認為本規(guī)則其他條文所規(guī)定的任何號燈、號型或信號。(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of an

4、y special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights for fishing vessels fishing as a fleet. These additional s

5、tation or signal lights or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape, or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.4為實施本規(guī)則，本組織可以采納分道通航制。(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.5凡經(jīng)有

6、關(guān)政府確定，某種特殊構(gòu)造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本規(guī)則任何一條關(guān)于號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設(shè)備的配置和特性的規(guī)定時，則應遵守其政府在號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位置、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設(shè)備的配置和特性方面為之另行確定的盡可能符合本規(guī)則條款要求的規(guī)定。(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these

7、Rules with respect to number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes,

8、 as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect to that vessel.第 二 條 Rule 2責 任 Responsibility1本規(guī)則條款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船長或船員由于遵守本規(guī)則條款的任何疏忽，或者按海員通常做法或當時特殊情況所要求的任何戒備上的

9、疏忽而產(chǎn)生的各種后果的責任。(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of

10、 the case.2在解釋和遵行本規(guī)則條款時，應充分考慮一切航行和碰撞的危險以及包括當事船舶條件限制在內(nèi)的任何特殊情況，這些危險和特殊情況可能需要背離本規(guī)則條款以避免緊迫危險。(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may

11、make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.第 三 條 Rule 3一 般 定 義 General Definitions除條文另有解釋外，在本規(guī)則中：For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires: 1“船舶”一詞，指用作或者能夠用作水上運輸工具的各類水上船筏，包括非排水船筏和水上飛機。(a) The word "vessel" includes every descript

12、ion of watercraft, including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.2“機動船”一詞，指用機器推進的任何船舶。(b) The term "power driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by machinery.3“帆船”一詞，指任何駛帆的船舶，如果裝有推進器但不在使用。(c) The term "sailing ve

13、ssel" means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.4、“從事捕魚的船舶”一詞，指使用網(wǎng)具、繩釣、拖網(wǎng)或其他使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳繩釣或其他并不使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的船舶。(d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls, or other fis

14、hing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manageability.5“水上飛機”一詞，包括為能在水面操縱而設(shè)計的任何航空器。(e) The term "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to maneuver on the water.6“失去控制的船舶”一詞，

15、指由于某種異常情況，不能按本規(guī)則條款的要求進行操縱，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。(f) The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. 7“操縱能力受到限制的船舶”一詞，指由于工作性質(zhì)，使其按本規(guī)則條款的要求進

16、行操縱的能力受到限制，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。(g) The term "vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver" means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.“操縱能力受到限制的船舶”一詞應包括，但不限于下

17、列船舶：The term "vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver" shall include but not be limited to: （1）從事敷設(shè)。維修或起撈助航標志、海底電纜或管道的船舶；(i) A vessel engaged in laying, servicing, or picking up a navigational mark, submarine cable or pipeline;（2）從事疏浚、測量或水下作業(yè)的船舶；(ii) A vessel engaged in dredging, surv

18、eying or underwater operations; （3）在航中從事補給或轉(zhuǎn)運人員、食品或貨物的船舶；(iii) A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway; （4）從事發(fā)放或回收航空器的船舶；(iv) A vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft; （5）從事清除水雷作業(yè)的船舶；(v) A vessel engaged in mineclearance operatio

19、ns; （6）從事拖帶作業(yè)的船舶，而該項拖帶作業(yè)使該拖船及其被拖物體駛離其航向的能力嚴重受到限制者。(vi) A vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course. 8“限于吃水的船舶”一詞，指由于吃水與可航行水域的水深和寬度的關(guān)系，致使其駛離航向的能力嚴重地受到限制的機動船。(h) The term "vessel constrained by her d

20、raft" means a power-driven vessel which because of her draft in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following. 9“在航”一詞，指船舶不在錨泊、系岸或擱淺。(i) The word "underway" means a vessel is not at anchor

21、, or made fast to the shore, or aground. 10船舶的“長度”和“寬度”是指其總長度和最大寬度。(j) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth. 11 只有當一船能自他船以視覺看到時，才應認為兩船是在互見中。(k) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed

22、 visually from the other.12“能見度不良”一詞，指任何由于霧、霾、下雪、暴風雨、沙暴或任何其他類似原因而使能見度受到限制的情況。(l) The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms and any other similar causes.第二章 駕駛和航行規(guī)則 Part B - Steering and Sa

23、iling Rules第一節(jié) 船舶在任何能見度情況下的行動規(guī)則 Section I - Conduct of Vessels in any Condition of Visibility第 四 條 Rule 4適 用 范 圍 Application本節(jié)條款適用于任何能見度的情況。Rules in this section apply to any condition of visibility.第 五 條 Rule 5了 望 Look-out每一船在任何時候都應使用視覺、聽覺以及適合當時環(huán)境和情況的一切有效手段保持正規(guī)的了望，以便對局面和碰撞危險作出充分的估計。Every vessel sha

24、ll at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight as well as by hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.第 六 條 Rule 6安全航速 Safe Speed每一船在任何時候都應以安全航速行駛，以便能采取適當而有效的

25、避碰行動，并能在適合當時環(huán)境和情況的距離以內(nèi)把船停住。Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. 在決定安全航速時，考慮的因素中應包括下列各點：In determining a safe speed the f

26、ollowing factors shall be among those taken into account:1對所有船舶：(a) By all vessels: （1）能見度情況； (i)The state of visibility; （2）通航密度，包括漁船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度； (ii) The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels; （3）船舶的操縱性能，特別是在當時情況下的沖程和旋回性能； (iii) The manageability of the

27、 vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions; （4）夜間出現(xiàn)的背景亮光，諸如來自岸上的燈光或本船燈光的反向散射； (iv) At night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter from her own lights; （5）風、浪和流的狀況以及靠近航海危險物的情況； (v) The state of wind, s

28、ea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards; （6）吃水與可用水深的關(guān)系。 (vi) The draft in relation to the available depth of water.2對備有可使用的雷達的船舶，還應考慮：(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar: （1）雷達設(shè)備的特性、效率和局限性； (i) The characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;

29、（2）所選用的雷達距離標尺帶來的任何限制； (ii) Any constrains imposed by the radar range scale in use; （3）海況、天氣和其他干擾源對雷達探測的影響； (iii) The effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference; （4）在適當距離內(nèi)，雷達對小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探測不到的可能性； (iv) The possibility that small vessels, ice and other floati

30、ng objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range; （5）雷達探測到的船舶數(shù)目、位置和動態(tài)； (v) The number location and movement of vessels detected by radar; （6）當用雷達測定附近船舶或其他物體的距離時，可能對能見度作出更確切的估計。 (vi) The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range

31、 of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.第 七 條 Rule 7碰 撞 危 險 Risk of Collision1每一船都應使用適合當時環(huán)境和情況的一切有效手段斷定是否存在碰撞危險，如有任何懷疑，則應認為存在這種危險。(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any d

32、oubt such risk shall be deemed to exist.2如裝有雷達設(shè)備并可使用的話，則應正確予以使用，包括遠距離掃描，以便獲得碰撞危險的早期警報，并對探測到的物標進行雷達標繪或與其相當?shù)南到y(tǒng)觀察。(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent system

33、atic observation of detected objects.3不應當根據(jù)不充分的資料，特別是不充分的雷達觀測資料作出推斷。(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.4在斷定是否存在碰撞危險時，考慮的因素中應包括下列各點：(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those t

34、aken into account: （1）如果來船的羅經(jīng)方位沒有明顯的變化，則應認為存在這種危險； (i) Such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change; （2）即使有明顯的方位變化，有時也可能存在這種危險，特別是在駛近一艘很大的船或拖帶船組時，或是在近距離駛近他船時。 (ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change

35、is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range.第 八 條 Rule 8避免碰撞的行動 Action to Avoid Collision1為避免碰撞所采取的任何行動，如當時環(huán)境許可，應是積極的，應及早地進行和充分注意運用良好的船藝。(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be po

36、sitive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.2為避兔碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何變動，如當時環(huán)境許可，應大得足以使他船用視覺或雷達觀測時容易察覺到；應避免對航向和（或）航速作一連串的小變動。(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily app

37、arent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided.3如有足夠的水域，則單用轉(zhuǎn)向可能是避免緊迫局面的最有效行動，只要這種行動是及時的、大幅度的，并且不致造成另一緊迫局面。(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective action to avoid a cl

38、ose-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation.4為避免與他船碰撞而采取的行動，應能導致在安全的距離駛過。應細心查核避讓行動的有效性，直到最后駛過讓清他船為止。(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distanc

39、e. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear.5如需為避免碰撞或留有更多的時間來估計局面，船舶應當減速或者停止或倒轉(zhuǎn)推進器把船停住。(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel may slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or

40、reversing her means of propulsion. 6 （1）根據(jù)本規(guī)則任何規(guī)定，要求不得妨礙另一船通過或安全通過的船舶應根據(jù)當時環(huán)境的需要及早地采取行動以留出足夠的水域供他船安全通過。(f) (i) A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall when required by the circumstances of the case, take early action to allo

41、w sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel. （2）如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危險時，被要求不得妨礙另一船通過或安全通過的船舶并不解除這一責任，且當采取行動時，應充分考慮到本章條款可能要求的行動。 (ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to i

42、nvolve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the rules of this part. （3）當兩船相互接近致有碰撞危險時，其通過不得被妨礙的船舶仍有完全遵守本章各條規(guī)定的責任。(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the rules of this part wh

43、en the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision.第 九 條 Rule 9狹 水 道 Narrow Channels1沿狹水道或航道行駛的船舶，只要安全可行，應盡量靠近其右舷的該水道或航道的外緣行駛。(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which I

44、ies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.2帆船或者長度小于20米的船舶，不應妨礙只能在狹水道或航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通行。(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.3從事捕魚的船舶，不應妨礙任何其他在狹水道或航道以內(nèi)航行的船舶通行

45、。(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.4、船舶不應穿越狹水道或航道，如果這種穿越會妨礙只能在這種水道或航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通行。后者若對穿越船的意圖有懷疑時，可以使用第三十四條4款規(guī)定的聲號。(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage

46、of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of the crossing vessel.5（1）在狹水道或航道內(nèi)，如只有在被迫越船必須采取行動以允許安全通過才能追越時，則企圖迫越的船，應鳴放第三十四條3款（1）項所規(guī)定的相應聲號，以表示其意圖。被追越船如果同意，應鳴放第三十四條3款（2）項所

47、規(guī)定的相應聲號，并采取使之能安全通過的措施。如有懷疑，則可以鳴放第三十四條4款所規(guī)定的聲號。(e) (I) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing, the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribe

48、d in Rule 34(c)( i). The vessel to be overtaken shall, if in agreement, sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d). （2）本條并不解除追越船根據(jù)第十三條所負的義務。 (ii) This Rule does not relieve the overta

49、king vessel of her obligation under Rule 13.6船舶在駛近可能有其他船舶被居間障礙物遮蔽的狹水道或航道的彎頭或地段時，應特別機警和謹慎地駕駛，并應嗚放第三十四條5款規(guī)定的相應聲號。(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and cautiona

50、nd shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).7任何船舶，如當時環(huán)境許可，都應避免在狹水道內(nèi)錨泊。(g) Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.第 十 條 Rule 10分道通航制 Traffic Separation Schemes1本條適用于本組織采納的分道通航制，但并不解除任何船舶遵守任何其他各條規(guī)定的責任。(a) This Rule applies to tr

51、affic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.2使用分道通航制區(qū)域的船舶應：(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall: （1）在相應的通航分道內(nèi)順著該分道的船舶總流向行駛； (i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic

52、flow for that lane; （2）盡可能讓開通航分隔線或分隔帶； (ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone; （3）通常在通航分道的端部駛進或駛出，但從分道的任何一側(cè)駛進或駛出時，應與分道的船舶總流向形成盡可能小的角度。 (iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but when joining or leaving from either si

53、de shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic low as practicable.3船舶應盡可能避免穿越通航分道，但如不得不穿越時，應盡可能用與分道的船舶總流向成直角的船首向穿越。(c) A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angle

54、s to the general direction of traffic flow.4（1）當船舶可安全使用鄰近分道通航制區(qū)域中相應通航分道時，不應使用沿岸通航帶。但長度小于20米的船舶、帆船和從事捕魚的船舶可使用沿岸通航帶。(d) (i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However, vessels of less than 2

55、0 meters in length, sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone. （2）盡管有本條4（1）規(guī)定，當船舶抵離位于沿岸通航帶中的港口、近岸設(shè)施或建筑物、引航站或任何其他地方或為避免緊迫危險時，可使用沿岸通航帶。 (ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to or from a port, offshore ins

56、tallation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to avoid immediate danger.5除穿越船或者駛進或駛出通航分道的船舶外，船舶通常不應進人分隔帶或穿越分隔線，除非：(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cros

57、s a separation line except: （1）在緊急情況下避免緊迫危險； (i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger; （2）在分隔帶內(nèi)從事捕魚。 (ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.6船舶在分道通航制區(qū)域端部附近行駛時，應特別謹慎。(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution.7船舶應盡可能避免在分道通航制區(qū)域內(nèi)或其端部附近錨泊。(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations.8不使用分道通航制區(qū)域的船舶，應盡可能遠離該區(qū)。(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicab