英語簡單句并列句復合句與練習

1、英語簡單句、并列句、復合句及練習一、簡單句1、概述只有一個主語和一個謂語動詞的句子稱為簡單句。I am a student. 我是一個學生。She likes English very much. 她非常喜歡英語。He usually does morning exercises on the playground. 他常常在操場上做 早操。2 、簡單句的基本句型英語簡單句可分為五種基本句型，其它的句子可看成是這幾種基本句型的擴展、組合、倒裝、省略。這五個基本句式：主謂結構（S + V） ；主系表結構（S+ V + P ） ；主謂賓結構（S + V + O ） ；主謂雙賓結構（S + V +

2、IO + DO ） ；主謂賓補結構（S + V + O + C）說明：S=主語；V=謂語；P=a語；O=賓語；IO=間接賓語；DO=直接賓語；C= 賓語補足語（ 1）主謂結構（S + V）在此句式中，V 是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞（vi ）。He runs quickly 他跑得快。They listened carefully 他們聽得很仔細。He suffered from cold and hunger 他挨凍受餓。China belongs to the third world country 中國屬于第三世界國家。The gas has given out 煤氣用完了。My ink h

3、as run out 我的鋼筆水用完了。Plants grow well all the year round. 一年四季植物生長良好。（ 2）主系表結構（S + V + P ）在此句式中，V是系動詞（link v .）,常見的系動詞有：look, seem, appear, sound， feel ， taste ， smell ， grow ， get ， fall ill/asleep ， stand/sit still ， become ， turn 等。He is older than he looks 他比看上去要老。He seems interested in the book

4、他似乎對這本書感興趣。The story sounds interesting 這個故事聽起來有趣。The desk feels hard 書桌摸起來很硬。The cake tastes nice 餅嘗起來很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice 花聞起來香甜。You have grown taller than before 你長得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill 他突然病倒了。He stood quite still 他靜靜地站著。He becomes a teacher when he grew up 他長大后當了教師。He

5、could never turn traitor to his country 他永遠不會背叛他的祖國。注意 ：有些動詞同時也是及物動詞，可構成SVO 句式。He looked me up and down 他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant 他伸出手來摸象。They are tasting the fish 他們在品嘗魚。They grow rice in their hometown 他們在家鄉(xiāng)種水稻。He's got a chair to sit on 他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence int

6、o English 請把這個句于譯成英語。（ 3）主謂賓結構（S + V + O ）在此句式中，V 是及物動詞（vt ），因此有賓語。I saw a film yesterday 我昨天看了一部電影。Have you read the story? 你讀過這個故事嗎?They found their home easily 他們很容易地找到他們的家。They built a house last year 他們去年建了一所房子。They've put up a factory in the village 他們在村里建了一座工廠。They have taken good care of

7、 the children 他們把這些孩子照看得很好。You should look after your children well 你應該好好照看你的孩子。（ 4）主謂雙賓結構（S + V + IO + DO ）在此句式中，V 是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有give，ask， bring ， offer ， send ， pay， lend ， show， tell ， buy， get ； rob ， warn 等。簡接賓語可以緊接動詞之后，也可以用to后置。He gave me a book/a book to me 他給了我一本書。He brought me a p

8、en/a pen to me 他帶給我一枝鋼筆。He offered me his seat/his seat to me 他把座位讓給我。簡接賓語可以緊接動詞之后，也可以用for后置Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 媽媽給我買了一本書。He got me a chair/a chair for me 他給我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me 請幫我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me 他問我個問題。簡接賓語不能緊接動詞之后，要用介詞后置They rob

9、bed the old man of his money 他們搶了老人的錢。He's warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危險。The doctor has cured him of his disease 醫(yī)生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of the rats 我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak 他們剝奪了他說話的權利。5)主謂賓補結構(S + V + O + C)在此句式中，V 是有賓語補足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式

10、、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。常見的可接賓語補足語的動詞很多，哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補，須根據(jù)動詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請看下面的例子。They made the girl angry 他們使這個女孩生氣了。They found her happy that day 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。I found him out 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。I saw him in 我見他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand 他們在沙地上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個腳印。They named the boy Charlie 他們給這個男孩起名為查理。I saw him come in and go

11、 out 我見他進來又出去。They felt the car moving fast 他們感到汽車行駛得很快。I heard the glass broken just now 我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。He found the door of study closed to him 他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對他關閉了。3、 There be 句型(詳參There be 結構一章)There be 結構是一個重要的基本句型，它由“ There+ be + 主語 + 壯語“構成。There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本書。There is a desk and two cha

12、irs in the room. 屋子里有一張桌子兩把椅子。二、并列旬1、概述由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列連接起來的句子稱為并列句(compound sentence) 。并列句中的各個簡單句彼此獨立，互不依從，但它們表達的意思之 間有一定的關系。并列句中的各個簡單句通常用并列連詞連接起來。并列連詞之前可用逗號，也可不用逗號(但however 、 therefore 、 otherwise 等并列連詞前后都常有逗號）。常見的并列句結構是：簡單句 正列連詞+ 簡單句。這種簡單句常被叫做分 句。I help him and he helps me.我?guī)椭?，他幫助我。（并列連詞是and）This

13、is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names.這是我們的第堂課，因此我不知道大家的名字。（并列連詞so前有逗號）She likes bread and milk, but she doesn't like eggs at all.她喜歡面包和牛奶，但她一點也不喜歡雞蛋。（并列連詞是but ）You can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting fora year.你能在五分鐘之內畫好一匹馬，然而你卻讓我等了一年。（并列連詞是yet）Hurry

14、 up, or you'll be late. 快點，否則你就會遲到。（并列連詞是or）One was filled with kerosene, one with castor oil and one with vinegar.一個（瓶子）裝滿煤油，一個（瓶子）裝滿篦麻油，還有一個（瓶子）裝滿醋。（此句由3個分句組成，并列連詞是and）2、并列連詞并列連詞（或連接副詞）根據(jù)不同含義，分為如下幾類：（1）表示連接，常用的有 and、not only.but also、neither.nor 等。Right now it's the summer vacation and I&#

15、39;m helping my dad on the farm.眼下正是暑假期間，我?guī)椭职衷谵r場里干活。Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.他不僅是我們的老師，而且是我們的朋友。Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come tosearch for him.這調皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不尋找他。but in the north where it is（2）表示轉折，常用的有 but、yet、sill、however > while 等。

16、We grow rice in the south of the States, colder they grow wheat.在美國的南方，我們種植稻谷，而在較冷的北方，人 們種植小麥。The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,yet_ he couldn'tfind any work.這個工人在紐約找工作己有幾個月之久，但是仍然沒有找到。Certainly he apologized, however , I won't forgive him.他的確道歉了，然而我不會原諒他。Instead, he asked hi

17、s father why he was not able to hatch chickenswhile hens could.他反問他父親，為什么他不能孵出小雞，而母雞卻能。(3)表示選擇，常用的有or、 or else、 otherwise 、 otherwise 、 either.or等。They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might getburnt.他們必須從爐火邊拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的。Take this bus or else you won't get there in time.搭這輛公

18、共汽車吧，否則你將無法及時到達那里。Work hard, otherwise you'll be sorry.努力用功，否則你會后悔。Either you are mad or I am. 不是你瘋了，就是我瘋了。(4)表示原因，只有for 一個詞。They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one ,foebeing blind, how could they?他們常常聽說過大象，但從來沒看到過，因為他們是瞎子，怎么能看到呢？(5)表示結果，常用的有 so、therefore 。It's time of

19、 year for the rice harvest,so every day I work from dawnuntil dark.這是一年中收割稻谷的時期，因此，我每天都從早到晚的勞動。He worked day and night, therefore , he was able to buy the sports car.他日夜工作，所以有能力買那輛跑車(6)并列復合句除以上簡單的并列句之外，還有一種較復雜的并列句，叫做并列復合句 (compound complex sentence),即其中的一個分句可包含一個以上從句。I sucked a finger, but the finge

20、E put into my mouth was not the oneI had dipped into the cup.我吮吸了手指，但是我放進嘴里的指頭不是我在 杯子里蘸了一下的那個指頭。這句話中的第二個分句即含有定語從句I put into my mouth及I haddipped into the cup 。在語言的實際運用中，可能會有更加復雜的并列句，如并 列句可有更多的分句，分句里可能有一個以上的從句，從句里可能又有從句。但讀者只要掌握了各種句子的結構，不管句子多么復雜，自會迎刃而解。三、復合句1、概述復合旬(complex sentence) 由個主句(main clause)和

21、個或個以上的從 旬(subordinate clause)構成。主句是全句的主體，通常可以獨立存在；從句則 只用作句子的一個成分，不能獨立。After the students were all in the chemistry lab , the teacher brought out three bottles.在學生全都進入化學實驗室后，老師拿出三個瓶子來。(主句是“the teacher brought out three bottles , 從何是 “ After the students were all in the chemistry lab 。)”Corn is a very

22、 useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways . 玉米是一種非常有用的作物，可用許多不同的方法制作成食物。(主句是“Corn is a very useful plant，'從旬是 “ that can be prepared in many different ways。)We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.我們還認為會有更多的人愿意乘飛機旅行(主句是“We also believe但意義不完整，從何是 “that m

23、any more people will prefer to travel by air2、從句的基本概念及其結構從句不能獨立成為一個句子，雖然它也有主語部分和謂語部分。從句通常由關聯(lián)詞引導，并由關聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。從句的結構通常是：關聯(lián)詞+主語+謂語。When I came home , my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家時，妻子在做晚飯。He said that he would come . 他說他要來Did you see the letter that I sent him ?你看到我寄給他的信了嗎？Whether the football ga

24、me will be played depends on the weather. 足球比賽是否舉行將視天氣而定。3、關聯(lián)詞（connective）引導從句的關聯(lián)詞共有下列5類：（1）從屬連詞：that （無詞義），before （在前），whether （是否），after（在之后），if （假如、是否）,since （既然、自從）,because （因為）,as/solong as （只要），when （當時候），so that （結果）（2） 疑問代詞： who, which, whom, what, whose 等。（3） 疑問副詞： when, why, where, how（4）

25、關系代詞： who, which, whom, that, whose（5） 關系副詞: when, why, where4、關聯(lián)詞在從句中的功用舉例We can't travel through the forest by road because there aren't anyroads!我們不能從陸路穿過森林，因為這兒根本沒有路可走！（關聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞because ,引 導狀語從句）I think that it's wrong to eat monkeys , so I don't. 我認為吃猴子是不對的，所以我不吃。（關聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞that ,引

26、導賓語從句，在從句中不作成分）Anybody who breaks the rule is punished.誰要是破壞了這條規(guī)則，誰就要受到懲罰。（關聯(lián)詞是關系代詞who,引導定語從句，在從句中作主語）Although it was expensive , we decided to buy the computer. 雖然價錢昂貴，我們還是決定把計算機買下來。（關聯(lián)詞是從屬連詞although ,引導狀語從 句）Would you please let me know when you have a match ?你傘有比賽的時候，請告訴我好嗎？（關聯(lián)詞是疑問副詞 when,引導賓語從句，

27、在從句中作狀 語）What we need is more time.我們需要的是更多的時間。（關聯(lián)詞是疑問代詞what,引導主語從句，在從句中作賓語）5、從句的功用和種類從句在復合句中，可作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等，因此， 可分為六類：即主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語 從句。The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3,830 metres long. 這座水壩是世界上最大的一座，長3830米。（含有which引導的定語從句）Over 500 people were working in the bu

28、ilding when the fire broke out onthe 11th floor. _當11層樓起火的時候，大樓內有 500人在工作。（含有when引 導的時間狀語從句）The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on thefront page.由豐編決.定哪篇報導最重要,應安排在頭版。（含有which引導的賓語從句）Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否會來仍是一個問題。（含有whether引導的主語從句）That is whe

29、re he was bor n.這就是他出生的地方。（含有where引導的表語 從句）We heard the news that our team had won .我們聽到了我們球隊己經(jīng)獲勝的消息。（含有that引導的同位語從句）四、點擊考點I.It's a fine day.Let's go fishing,A.won't we B.will we C.don't weD.shall we2 .Don't smoke in the classroom,A.do you B.will you C.can youD.could you3 .He sel

30、dom has lunch at school,A.hasn't he B.has he C.doesn't heD.does he4 .We had to read the first lesson,we?A.didn'tB.shouldn'tC.don'tD.weren't5 .You have John do the work,A.do you B.don't youC.haven't youD.have you6 .Let us have a look,A.will you B.would youC.won't y

31、ouD.wouldn't you7 .Nobody came,A.did heB.didn't heC.didn't theyD.did they8 .You ought to wait for Joan,A.oughtn't youB.shouldn't you C.don't youD.won'tyou9 .We had better wait for your girl friend Juliet,A.hadn't weB.don't weC.didn't weD.shan't we10 .There

32、 is someone at the door, ? A. isn't there B.is there C.isn't he D.is it11 .-I'm hungry.-I'd like a sandwich, ?A.would you B.do you C.couldn't you D.don't you 12.-Frank is up late working again.-This is the third time this week he's had to study late, A.isn't it B.hasn

33、't he C.isn't he D.hasn't it13.You and I did it together, ?A.didn't you B.didn't I C.didn't we D.did you 14.They should have finished it already, ?D.shouldA.shouldn't theyB.haven't they C.have theythey15.She may do it if she wants to ,?A.mayn't she B.doesn't s

34、he C.shan't she D.won't she16.You must have told Mr.A the secret , ?A.haven't you B.have you C.mustn't you D.must you 17.She dislikes this skirt, ?A.doesn't she B.does she C.isn't she D.is she18.Wang said that he was not there then, ?A.did he B.didn't heC.was he D.wasn

35、9;t he19.I suppose he is serious,A.do I B.don't I C.is he D.isn't he20 .He's finished the work, ?A.isn't he B.doesn't he C.hasn' the D.wasn't he21 .-You aren't an actress, are you? .A.Yes, I am not B.No, I am C.Yes, I wasn D.Not but I was22 .-How are your parents?A.Th

36、ey are driversB.They like watching TVC.They are fiftyD.They are fine. Thank you23 .- is your brother?-He is a teacher in a middle school.A.What B.Who C.Which D.Where24 .- will you get married to him?-In two weeks.A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How many25 .Have you ever seen as clever as he?A.a person B.su