北師大版高中英語必修3 Unit7 定語從句語法講解參考課件

1、定語從句定語從句定義及其作用：定義及其作用：定語從句是又稱定語從句是又稱形容詞性從句形容詞性從句,在句子中起定在句子中起定語作用語作用,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,有時(shí)也可修飾一有時(shí)也可修飾一個(gè)句子個(gè)句子.受定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞受定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語從定語從句可分為：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句可分為：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。句。定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面，定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面，所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句，根所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句，根據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是否據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來判

2、斷是否是定語從句。是定語從句。定語從句定語從句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行詞先行詞放置于名詞之放置于名詞之_，修飾，修飾名詞的從句名詞的從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞連接作用連接作用1.2. 在從句中充當(dāng)成分在從句中充當(dāng)成分后后 修飾物體時(shí)關(guān)系代詞修飾物體時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that和和 which的區(qū)的區(qū)分分 使用使用that的情況：的情況： 1、當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代詞時(shí)。等不定代詞時(shí)。 eg. Do you have anything that is impor

3、tant to tell me?2、當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。 eg. I have some books that are very good.3、當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞所、當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。eg. This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4主句是以主句是以which或或who開頭的特殊疑問句開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)時(shí)Eg Which i

4、s the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5當(dāng)先行詞在從句和主句中都作表語時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞在從句和主句中都作表語時(shí),無無論先行詞是人還是物論先行詞是人還是物.China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有兩個(gè)定語從句如有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)已用其中一個(gè)已用which引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo),另一個(gè)宜用另一個(gè)宜用that .Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been se

5、en before.7.在在there be句型中句型中,只用只用that.He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject. 8、當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the last, the next, the only 等詞修飾時(shí)。等詞修飾時(shí)。 eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 9、當(dāng)先行詞又有人又有物時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞又有人又有物時(shí)。 eg. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.只能使用只能

6、使用which的情況。的情況。1、非限制性定語從句中、非限制性定語從句中。eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介詞之后、在介詞之后。eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.3、當(dāng)主句中的主語被、當(dāng)主句中的主語被that修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)。eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. Consolidation exercises. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pron

7、ouns. 1. This is the only book _ I got last year. 2. Is this the book in _ you are interested? 3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.thatwhichthat5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful.6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory?7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by h

8、is father.8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. thatthatwhich that4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在存在)in the mother school.that 修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that 和和who, whom的的區(qū)分。區(qū)分。當(dāng)主句中的主語是當(dāng)主句中的主語是who時(shí)，只能用時(shí)，只能用that。 eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?在非限制性定語從

9、句中以及介詞后面時(shí)在非限制性定語從句中以及介詞后面時(shí)只能用只能用who 或者或者whom。 eg. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting. There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞whose既能修飾人，也能既能修飾人，也能修飾物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾先行詞修飾先行詞。eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.Mary has a ver

10、y good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. Correct mistakes for the following sentences. 1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? 4. Sh

11、e is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.whomwhosethatare5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. likesheritwho

12、 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as與與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別的區(qū)別. 1.位置位置:as從句可在主句前或主句后從句可在主句前或主句后,而而which從句只可在主句后從句只可在主句后. 2.意義意義:as從句常是一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)從句常是一些固定結(jié)構(gòu),(如如as is known to all, as we expected, as everybody knows等等,而且譯為而且譯為”正如正如.,恰恰如如”.) the sameas, such as,和和一一樣樣. which從句多為對(duì)主句的一種評(píng)價(jià)看法從句多為對(duì)主句的一種評(píng)價(jià)看法,或或者主從句之間形成一種因果關(guān)系者主從句之間

13、形成一種因果關(guān)系. He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry. As we had expected, he failed in the exam. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的用法以及的用法以及與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分。與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分。關(guān)系副詞在定語從句當(dāng)中只能充當(dāng)狀語，關(guān)系副詞在定語從句當(dāng)中只能充當(dāng)狀語，當(dāng)一個(gè)句子能夠完整地表達(dá)一個(gè)意思時(shí)，當(dāng)一個(gè)句子能夠完整地表達(dá)一個(gè)意思時(shí)，我們就可以給這個(gè)句子加上特定的關(guān)系我們就可以給這個(gè)句子加上特定的關(guān)系副詞副詞。 eg. I wont forget the time whe

14、n I got married. Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?I dont know the reason why he wont join us.Do you know the reason why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where和關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系代詞that, wh

15、ich的區(qū)分。請(qǐng)比較以下句子的區(qū)分。請(qǐng)比較以下句子： This is the park that we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party. She wont forget the days that she spent on the island.She wont forget the days when they stayed together.Thats the date when we went to the college.Thats the date that she wont for

16、get for ever.I like the time when we lived together.I like the time that we had together. Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night

17、. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. thatwherewherethat5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.whenthatwhenthat關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 和介詞和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)系副詞之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來來替代。如：替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介詞的位置非常靈活，有介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在