直接引語和間接引語用法及練習(xí)(含答案)

1、直接引語和間接引語用法及練習(xí)（含答案）直接引語和間接引語直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場(chǎng)作相應(yīng)變動(dòng)。人稱代詞的變動(dòng)情況要根據(jù)語境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變化，一般情況下，與漢語中的變化相同?？捎涀∫粋€(gè)口訣：一主、二賓、三不變即第一人稱按照主句中的主語變化，第二人稱按照主句中的賓語變化，第三人稱一般不需要變化。例如：1)Hesaid,“l(fā)amgladtoseeyou.”fHesaidthathewasgladtoseeme.2) “Dyouknowthemanoverthere?MarysaidtoTom.fMaryaskedTomifheknewthemanoverthere.3

2、) Jimsaidtome,“Jandeftherschoolbagathome.”fJimtoldmethatJanehadleftherschoolbagathome.2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化(1)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)(不變)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來完成時(shí)過去將來完成時(shí)如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：Hesaid,IusuallywatchTVo

3、nSunday.”他說：我常在星期天看電視fHesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。Hesaid,Imusingtheknife.”他說：我正在用小刀?！眆Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.他說他正在用小刀。Shesaid,IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”她說：自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信?！盨hesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。Hesaid,Icametohelpyou.他說：我來幫助你?！盚esa

4、idthathehadcometohelpme.他說他來幫助我。注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Theteachersaid,Theearthisround.”老師說：地球是圓的?！盩heteachersaidthattheearthisround.老師說地球是圓的。(2)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)(3)如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變Hesays,ffinishedthework.”他說：我做完工作了。”Hesaysthathefinishedthework.他說他做完工作了

5、。Hewillsay,fhavewateredtheflowers.”他會(huì)說：我己經(jīng)澆花了?！盚ewillsayhehaswateredtheflowers.他會(huì)說他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語的相應(yīng)變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/thesethat/those時(shí)間狀語nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(monththatweek(month)Yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(monththweek(month)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)be

6、foretomorrowthenextdaynextweek(monththenextweek(month)地點(diǎn)狀語herethere動(dòng)詞come-goBring-takeHesaid,Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”他說：三天前我妹妹在這兒。”fHesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他說三天前他妹妹在那兒。(hereThere;agofbefore)Shesaid,Iwillcomeherethisevening.”她說：今晚我將來這兒?！眆Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethateveni

7、ng.她說那晚她將去那兒。(comergo;herefthere;thisfthat)以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說話的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there,come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterdaytomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變。二、當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時(shí)直接引語是陳述句時(shí)，間接引語用that引導(dǎo),但在口語中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。例如：Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanho_力urago.fShesaidto/toldmethatshehadcome

8、backanhourbefore.三、當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句時(shí)1、疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。2、主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為said時(shí)，要改為asked;沒有間接賓語時(shí)，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語（如me,him等）。3、句末用句號(hào)。4、從句中的人稱、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和狀語等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。5、原句若為一般疑問句時(shí)，用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述；Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”fHeasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.6 .原句若為選擇疑問句時(shí)，用whetherornot；orIaskedhim,“Wilyo

9、ustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?”fIaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.7 .原句若為反意疑問句，則常用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述?！癥ouviireadygotwell,haventyou?”sheaskedfSheasked(me)whether/ifIhadalreadygotwell.四、當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句時(shí)如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，改為間接引語時(shí)，仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo)，其余的變化同直接引語為一般疑問句的情況25條一樣。例如：Heasked:eter?”“Whatsyourna

10、me?”heaskedme.fHeaskedmewhatmynamewas.“Whereareyoutogetoff,PfHeaskedPeterwherehewastogetoff.如果在直接引語的特殊疑問句中，疑問詞作主語或主語的修飾語，則語序不需要變化。例如：Whosepictureisthemostbeautifulinyourclass?askedtheboyfather.fTheboyfatheraskedhimwhosepicturewasthemostbeautifulinhisclass.五、當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句時(shí)直接引語為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)主語+askedsb

11、.(not)todosth.1、需將原祈使句中謂語動(dòng)詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。2、原主句謂語動(dòng)詞said須改為asked)told或ordered等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。asksb.(not)todosth.表示客氣)tellsb.(not)todosth.(命令性強(qiáng)于上面)ordersb.(not)todosth.(命令性最強(qiáng))例如：Hesaid,“Donrhakesomuchnoise.Hetoldusnottomakesomuchnoise.3、原句有please寸，主句謂語多用asked（請(qǐng)求）并去掉please。例如：H

12、esaidtome,“Shuthewindow,please.Heaskedmetoshutthewindow.4如果以let開頭的祈使句表示勸告或建議，可用“suggest+that從句”或“suggestdoing”來轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：“Letgotothecinema.Tomsaid.fTomsuggestedgoingtothecinema.fTomsuggestedthattheyshouldgotothecinema.六、直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)直接引語是感嘆句變間接引語時(shí)仍可用what或how引導(dǎo)，詞序不變，也可用that引導(dǎo)，將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。例如：Shesaid,“Whatal

13、ovelydayitis!Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.fShesaidthatitwasalovelyday.Heaskedforthecomputer.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2. “Havyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.fHeaskedme.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3. “Pleaselosethewindow,hesai

14、dtome.Hemethewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.askedtocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose4. “l(fā)amateacher,Jacksaid.fHesaid.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.積He-verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldh

15、ismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas“Youalreadygotwell,havenyou?sheasked.fSheasked.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadnytouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.Heasked,AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”fHeaskedme.A. amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB. wasIaParty

16、memberoraLeaguememberC. ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD. whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.Heasked,“Howreyougettingalong?fHeasked.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9. Heaskedmewithme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatthematterD.whatwas

17、thematterHesaid,“Dondothatagain.He_methatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dondoC.toldme;dondoD.toldme;nottodo11. Heaskedfortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid12. Canyoumakesurethegoldring?A.whereAlicehasputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehadputD.wherehasAliceput13.

18、 Thesephotoswillshowyou.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeYoucan;imaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedshesaidsuggestedthatshehadndecidedtogoorn

19、ot.A.What,ifB.That,whetherC.What,whetherD.What,whichever16. Ialskmyparents.A.whethertheywillagreetogoB.iftheyletmegoC.iftheywillletmegoD.whethertheyallowmeto17. -DoyoumindifJimwillcometohelp?一Ireallydonknowapersonlikehimcanhelpmewith.A.whatB.thatC.howD.ifHeaskedmeif.thetrainwilllateB.thetrainalwaysa

20、rrivedlateC.thetrainarrivesontimeD.thetrainstopshereItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)theworldleadinginventorforsixtyyears.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was20.-Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.一WherewasI?一YouyoudidnlikeyourfB.saidatherjob.A.hadsaid.weresayingD.hadbeensaying31. HeaskedmeIwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.how32. 一Joyce,pleasedonopenthewindow.一Pardon?Iope