直接引語變間接引語詳細(xì)講解加練習(xí)

1、直接弓I語和間接弓I語DirectspeechandIndirectspeech1 .什么是直接引語-直接引述別人的原話,一般加冒號(hào),且沒有時(shí)態(tài)照應(yīng)的問題；如：Hesaid,mafraidIcan'tfinishthework.2 .什么是間接引語-用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,不用引號(hào),通常情況構(gòu)成賓語從句,從句中的語序,時(shí)態(tài),人稱,時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語,和指示代詞等都有變化.如：Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthework.3 .為什么要把直接引語變成間接引語-當(dāng)你需要轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話的時(shí)候就需要用到；除了用say,還可以用tell,ask等

2、.4 .所轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容可以是陳述句,疑問句,特殊疑問句,祈使句,感慨句,這幾種情況下該怎么將直接引語變成間接引語呢只要記住剛剛說的那6點(diǎn)：語序,時(shí)態(tài),人稱,時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語,和指示代詞,記住相對(duì)應(yīng)的變化規(guī)那么,那么就不是一件難事.下面我們來看例子：直接引語：Hesaid,Mydadwillbebacktomorrowmorning間接弓I語：Hesaidthathisdadwouldbebackthenext/followingmorning.我們來分析一下這個(gè)例句,時(shí)態(tài),人稱,時(shí)間狀語都發(fā)生了變化Mydad-hisdad,willbeback-wouldbeback,tomorrowmorn

3、ing-thenext/followingmorning卜面我們先看時(shí)態(tài)不變的5種情況:1直接引語是客觀真理,自然現(xiàn)象,名言,俗語,或者與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用說明客觀事實(shí)時(shí),不管主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài),變?yōu)殚g接引語的時(shí)候時(shí)態(tài)均不變,如：Eg.1-Theearthmovesaroundthesun,“theteachertoldus.Theteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Eg.2-Hesaid,IwasborninGuangdongin1990HesaidhewasborninGuangdongin1990.Eg.3-Goethesaid,The

4、importantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.Goethesaidtheimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.Eg.4:Hesaid,Practicemakesperfect.Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.2主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在是或?qū)頃r(shí),變成間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變Eg.1-Hesays,I'finishedthework.Hesayshefinishedthework.E

5、g.2-Hewillsay,I'havewateredtheflower.Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflower.Eg.3-Hewillsay,I'willtrymybesttohelpyou.Hewillsayhewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變.Eg.1-Jacksaid,Mybrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.Jacksaidhisbrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.Eg.2-Mymothersaid,Il

6、ikeon-lineshopping.Mymothersaidshelikeson-lineshopping.4直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),或者是過去完成時(shí)時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變,如Eg.1-Jimsaid,Lucy,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouneartheshop?"JimaskedLucywhereshewasgoingwhenhemetherneartheshop.Eg.2-Kellysaid,Tomwashavingvideomeetingat9o'clocklastnight.KellysaidTomwashavingvideomeet

7、ingat9o'clocklastnightEg.3-Johnsaid,IhadcalledTombeforelunch.JohnsaidhehadcalledTombeforelunch.沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的過去式,所以在5should,wouldought,hadbetter,might,usedto,could,must間接引語中時(shí)態(tài)一般不變,如:Eg.1-Jasonsaid,Youhadbettercomeheretoday.JasonsaidIhadbettercomeheretoday.什么情況下時(shí)態(tài)需要變化請(qǐng)看時(shí)態(tài)變化表格,當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去式時(shí)：1 .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-一般過去式2

8、.一般過去時(shí)-過去完成時(shí)3 .一般將來時(shí)-過去將來時(shí)4 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)-過去進(jìn)行時(shí)5 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-過去完成時(shí)6 .現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)-過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)例句：1） Hesaid,famverytired."一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-一般過去時(shí)-Hesaidhewasverytired.-Hesaysheisverytired.2） Areyoutired?sheasked.-SheaskedifIwastired.-SheasksifIamtired.3Tomasked,WillJackarrivetomorrow?"一般將來時(shí)一過去將來時(shí)Tomaskedif/whetherJackwoulda

9、rrivetomorrow.Tomasksif/whetherJackwillarrivetomorrow.4) Sheasked,WhenwillJackarrive?SheaskedwhenJackwouldarrive.SheaskswhenJackwillarrive.5) Ibrokethatplate."Hesaid.(一般過去時(shí)-過去完成時(shí))Hesaidhehadbrokentheplate.Hesayshebrokethatplate.Hetoldmethathehadbrokenthatplate.6) Hesaid,Youtoldmethisstory.Hesai

10、dIhadtoldhimthatstory.HesaysItoldhimthatstory.6)Hesaid,I'metMr.Smiththismorning.HesaidhehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.7)Hesaid,I'amusingtheknife."(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)-過去進(jìn)行時(shí))Hesaidhewasusingtheknife.8)Mymothersaid,Yoursisteriswashingherfacenow.Mymothersaidmysisteriswashingherfacethen.9)Hesaidtome,She'

11、sleftherbookinyourroom."(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-過去完成時(shí))Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.10)Mr.Jonessaid,Ihavejustfinishedwork.Mr.Jonessaidhehadjustfinishedwork.11)Shesaid,I'havenotheardfromhimsinceMay.ShesaidshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.12現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)-過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)二、接下來我們來看看人稱是怎么變化的：1、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變1直接引語中的第一人稱,一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱,如

12、：Hesaid,Iamverysorry.">Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)述人說的,轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱,如：Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,"myfathertoldme.>MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對(duì)第三人稱呼的,轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱.如：Shesaidtoherson,I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.>Shesaidtoherso

13、nthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等,如：Heaskedme,Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?">HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.總之,人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的,具體情況,具體對(duì)待,要符合邏輯.三、下面來看看時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語,還有指示代詞的變化:直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/the

14、sethat/those時(shí)間狀語nowThentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month)thatweek(month)yesterdaythedaybeforeastweek(month)theweek(month)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek(month)thenextweek(month)地點(diǎn)狀語hereThere動(dòng)詞comeGobringTakeHesaid,ImetMr.Smiththismorning."他說我今天早

15、晨見到史密斯了.一HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他說他那天早晨見到史密斯了.Hesaid,Wewenttothecinemayesterday."他說：我們昨天去電影院了.fHesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他說前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫?Lilysaid,Iwillcomebacknextmonth.莉莉說：我下個(gè)月回來.一Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉說她下一個(gè)月就回去.Hesaid,Itisnineo'clocknow.他說:現(xiàn)在九

16、點(diǎn)了.“一Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.他說那時(shí)九點(diǎn)了.Hesaid,Ihaven'tseenhertoday.他說:今天我沒見到她.一Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.他說那天他沒有見到她.Shesaid,fwentthereyesterday.她說:昨天我去了那兒.fShesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她說前一天她去了那兒.Shesaid,I'llgotheretomorrow.她說:明天我將去那兒.一Shesaidthatshewouldgothere

17、thenextday.她說第二天她將去那兒.Hesaid,Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.“他說：三天前我妹妹在這兒.fHesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他說三天前他妹妹在那兒.(here一there;ago一before)Shesaid,fwillcomeherethisevening."她說：今晚我將來這兒.fShesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她說那晚她將去那兒.(comefgo;herefthere;thisfthat)以上這些變化,要根據(jù)說話的具體時(shí)間

18、和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定,不可機(jī)械照搬.如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剀噒述,here就不必改為there,come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,yesterday或tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變.直接引語中的一般過去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,間接引語的一般過去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變.Fathersaid,Iamfreethisafternoon"父親說:我今天下午有空.“fFathersaidthathewasfreethisafternoon.父親說他今天下午有空.Hesaid,I'amgoingtheretomorrow.他說我明天去那里.fHesaidthathewasgoingth

19、eretomorrow.他說他明天去那里.巧記:去掉引號(hào)加that,人稱變化要靈活,時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步,狀語變化按規(guī)定四、直接引語變成間接引語,句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化1)陳述句.用連詞that引導(dǎo),that在口語中常省略.主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可直用接引語中的said,也可用told來代替,注意,可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接說toldthat,如:Hesaid,IhavebeentotheGreatWall.">HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,I'llgiveyouanexam

20、inationnextMonday.->HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.(不可說toldthat)此夕卜主句中的謂語還常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等,又如：Hesaid,I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.->Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.如果間接引語是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列從句,第一個(gè)連詞可以

21、省略,以后的連詞一般不省略,以免混亂.Thedoctorsaid,Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.->Thedoctorsaid(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.2)直接引語為一般疑問句,(也稱是否疑問句,)間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo),原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等),語序是陳述句的語序,這一點(diǎn)非常重要.Hesaid,Doyouhaveanydifficultyinpronunciation?>Heasked(me)wh

22、ether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?->HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.3)直接引語為選擇疑問句,間接引語用whetheror表達(dá),而不用ifor,也不用eitheror-.如：Heasked,DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?->HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,Willyoutakebusortaketrain?-&

23、gt;Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.4)直接引語為特殊疑問句,改成間接引語時(shí),原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用ask(sb.)來表達(dá),語序改為陳述句語序.如：Heasked,What'syourname?->Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?->Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.5直接引語為祈使句時(shí),改為間接

24、引語,用帶to的不定式表達(dá),謂語動(dòng)詞常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等.如asksb.todo,由肯定祈使句變成asksb.nottodo由否認(rèn)祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變,并且在不定式短語中的時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、人稱及時(shí)態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化.如：Hesaid,Beseated,please.>Heaskedustobeseated.Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting."Hesaid.>Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.Nevercomehereagain!saidtheofficerne

25、arby.>Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,“theteachersaid.>Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.6有些含有建議->、勸告->的祈使句,可用suggest,insist,offer等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)述,如：Hesaid,Let'shavearest.->Hesuggestedourhav

26、ingarest.Hesaid,Letmehelpyou.>Heofferedtohelpme.7當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問高,有表示請(qǐng)求,建議意義時(shí),可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式轉(zhuǎn)述.如：Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?heasked.>Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.Whynotgoingoutforawalk?heaskedus.>Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.8直接引語是感慨句時(shí),變間接

27、引語可用what或how引導(dǎo),也可用that引導(dǎo),如：Shesaid,Whatalovelydayitis!->Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.即學(xué)即練1.Heaskedforthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2. Haveyouseenthefilm?A.hadIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilm3. Pleaseclosethewindow,heaskedme.fHeask

28、edmeB.haveIseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm“hesaidtome.fHemethewindow.D.saidto;pleaseA.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseclose4. amateacher,"Jacksaid.fHesaid.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5. Hesaid,Mother,theboyisverynaughty."fHe-verynaughty.

29、A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas6. Youvealreadygotwell,haven'tyou?sheasked.fSheasked.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn'tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.7. Heasked,'Areyo

30、uaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?"fHeaskedme.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.8. Heasked,Howareyougettingalong?fHeasked.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwa

31、sIgettingalong9. Heaskedmewithme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what'sthematterD.whatwasthematter10. Hesaid,Don'tdothatagain."Hemethatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don'tdoC.toldme;don'tdoD.toldme;nottodo11. 我告訴他我丟了錢并會(huì)找到這筆錢.12. 她問我第二天有沒有空.13. 我問她第二天去哪里去干什么.14. 他爸爸告訴他不要穿

32、著新外套去爬樹.15. 這個(gè)陌生人問我的名字是什么.16. 他說:"我把書落在你房間了."17. 她說："他會(huì)很忙的."18. 她對(duì)湯姆說："你能幫我嗎?"19. "Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?"theyoungmanasked.20. "Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,"thelittleboysaidhappily.21. "Lighttravelsfasterthansound,"thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.22. "Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?"Maryaskedme.23. "Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?"theoldmanaskedmybrother.24. Sheaskedwhatwasthematterw