英語二歷年真題及答案解析2016年

1、2016Section 1 Use of English(英語二)入學統(tǒng)一試題及Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to takegreater risks. And new research su

2、ggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinkin

3、g 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in t

4、hose areas. 7 enough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 .But is it really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers

5、controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry, and sales and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally_12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation be

6、tween happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “l(fā)ess codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “ younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where h

7、appiness was spread more 16 .Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. 17 this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibil

8、ity. It s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D morethan the average,” said one researcher.1. A why2. A In return3. A sufficient

9、B whereB In particularB famousC howD whenC In contrast D InC perfectC optimismC spoilC inventedD necessaryD realismD changeD assumed4. A individualism B modernism5. A echo6. A imagined7. A Sure8. A advertised9. A explain10. A stages11. A desirableB missB measuredB OddB dividedB overstateB factorsB s

10、ociableC Unfortunate D OftenC overtaxedC summarizeC levelsC reputableD headquarteredD emphasizeD methodsD reliable：下一站12. A resumed13. A attribute14. A serious15. A thus16. A rapidly17. A After18. A arrives 19.A shape20. A pray forB heldB assignB civilizedB insteadB regularlyB UntilB jumpsB rediscov

11、erB lean towardsCemergedC transferC ambitiousC alsoC directlyC WhileC hintsC simplifyC give awayD broke Dcompare DexperiencedD neverD equallyD Since D strikesD shareD send outSection Reading Comprehension Part ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosin

12、g A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons

13、 School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to tran

14、sform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also

15、benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding

16、bootcamps that s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “ we try to gear lessons toward things they re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies base

17、d on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn how to think

18、 logically through a problem andorganize the results apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina., the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kid

19、s are going to be surrounded by computers in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that the better.21. Cortin

20、a holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to .A. complete future job training：下一站B. remthe way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their.A. experienceB. academic backgrounds

21、C. career prospectsD. interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will.A. help students learn other computer languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to

22、the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to.A. compete with a future army of programmersB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. bring forth innovative computer technologies25. The word “coax” (Line4, Para.6) is closest in m

23、eaning to.A. challengeB. persuadeC. frightenD. misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds rem

24、ain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, howev

25、er, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “ threatened ” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially

26、 less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan, for exa

27、mple, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that

28、 damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring：下一站prairie chicken populations to an annual aver

29、age of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone bu

30、ys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn t go far enough “ The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the

31、 bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is Aits drastically decreased populationBthe underestimate of the grassland acreage Ca desperate appeal from some biologists Dthe insistence

32、of private landowners27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it Awas a give-in to governmental pressureBwould involve fewer agencies in action Cgranted less federal regulatory power Dwent against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional

33、 harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they Aagree to pay a sum for compensation Bvolunteer to set up an equally big habitat Coffer to support the WAFWA monitoring job Dpromise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in Athe federal government

34、Bthe wildlife agencies Cthe landowners Dthe states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support Aindustry groupsB the win-win rhetoricC environmental groups Dthe plan under challengeText 3That everyone s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： Ther

35、es never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the od

36、d 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you re so exhausted that a challenging book s the last thing you need. The：下一站modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “ is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication It is not

37、 simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption ”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource

38、tobeised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent onlyin so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll m

39、anage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “ The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, ” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “ we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days,

40、 hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd thinkthis might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eb

41、erle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside times flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading beco

42、mes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques dont work becauseA

43、what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure toA update their to-d

44、o listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helpsA encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic readingD achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book w

45、ith you at all times” can work ifA reading becomes your primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could beA How to Enjoy Easy

46、 ReadingB How to Find Time to Read：下一站C How to Set Reading GoalsD How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, youngerAmericans are drawing a new 21st-centuryto success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue t

47、o prize many of the same traditional tones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line ofa fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching

48、it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults toprioritizeal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most byregularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couple

49、s should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and tomaintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to commuand family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of thesearing Great Recession, those just sta

50、rting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is h

51、arder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a g

52、ood-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, h

53、e said.” I cant afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “ I still gre

54、w up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn t have college degrees, ” Schneider said. “ I don t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is.A trying out different lifestylesB having a family with childrenC working beyond retirement age

55、D setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to.A favor a slower life paceB hold an occupation longerC attach importance to pre-marital financeD give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will

56、.：下一站A become increasingly clearB focus on materialistic issuesC depend largely on political preferencesD reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that.A good-paying jobs are less availableB the old made more life achievementsC housing loans today are easy to obtainD get

57、ting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?A He found a dream job after graduating from college.B His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.C His parents good life has little to do with a college degree.D He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part B