八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理

1、八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”組成的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)造。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to,動(dòng)詞不定式能夠作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或獨(dú)自使用。不定式保存動(dòng)詞的某些特征，能夠有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞不定式和它后邊的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等一同組成短語(yǔ)，叫作不定式短語(yǔ)。一、用作主語(yǔ)多半狀況用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真實(shí)的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。疑問(wèn)詞+不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)可置于句首，復(fù)合不定式構(gòu)造作主語(yǔ)常置于句末。如：1 .Itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwiththesepr

2、oblems.2 .Theheadteachersaiditwasnecessarytotalkwithhismother.3 .HowtolearnEnglishwellisimportant.4 .Toseeistobelieve.（目睹為實(shí)；百聞不如一見(jiàn)）二、用作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，常說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)。如：1 .ThebestwayistojoinanEnglishclub.2.Thefirstthingistolistentotheteachercarefully.三、用作賓語(yǔ)1. 能夠接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇贊同(ask,choose,agree)

3、，希望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect,hope,decide,learn)，寧愿假裝知道(prefer,pretend,know)，希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)。如：1)Wedecidedtotalktosomestudentsaboutwhytheygothere.2)Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.3)IdlovetovisitMexico.2. 動(dòng)詞decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell.，介詞構(gòu)造on.可用疑問(wèn)詞帶to的不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，但why后邊的不定式不帶to。如：1)Couldyouplea

4、setellmewheretoparkmycar?2)Itgivesadviceonwhattodoinlotsofdifferentsituations.3. 動(dòng)詞feel,find,make,think等后邊，能夠用it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替真實(shí)的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式，句子構(gòu)造是.feel/find/make/.it+adj./n.+todo.。如：4. 感知?jiǎng)釉~like,love,know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差異較大的動(dòng)詞有forget,remember等。后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stoptodo停下來(lái)做

5、此外一件事，todo是目的狀語(yǔ)；stopdoing停止做、不做目前這件事，doing是賓語(yǔ)。trytodo全力做，trydoing試一試看；goontodo接著做此外的事，goondoing持續(xù)做本來(lái)的事。如：1)WhenIlefthome,Iforgottobringitwithme.2)Istoppedusingthemlastyear.四、用作定語(yǔ)1. 句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.1)Ihavesomanyclothestowashtoday.2)Icantthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.3)Weh

6、avenohousestolivein.2 .動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place,time,way等時(shí)，不定式與這些名詞體現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)Heneedstimetodohomework.3 )Hewantstoknowthebestwaytotravelaroundthecity.4 .在“therebe.”句型里，句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對(duì)象：1)Theresjustsomuchtoseeanddo2).buttherearestillmanythingstodothe五、用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1 .帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求贊同提議(ask,allow,a

7、dvise)，期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)(expect,invite,encourage)，教育告訴想要(teach,tell,want)，等候希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：1)Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.2 Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.3 .動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里不帶to,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多半動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包含四“看”：lookat,observe,see,watch，三“讓”：have,let,make，二“聽(tīng)”：hear,list

8、ento，一“感覺(jué)”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited！2)WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek.4 .help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，to可帶可不帶。1) theycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.2)UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.六、用作狀語(yǔ)1 .目的狀語(yǔ)，置于句首或句末，置于句首經(jīng)常表示重申。如：1)Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegott

9、ogethertodiscussthisquestion.3)Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter.2 .原由狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)于“sb.+be+adj.+todo.”構(gòu)造句中。如：1) Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.2) heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.3) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)于“too.to”，“enoughto.”構(gòu)造句中。如：1)Imtootiredtodoitwell.2)Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合構(gòu)造動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合構(gòu)造是“for/ofsb.

10、todosth.”，for/of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這類構(gòu)造在句子中能夠作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。不定式復(fù)合構(gòu)造的介詞用for仍是of，主要決定于前方形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，of前方的形容詞是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等，既說(shuō)明人的特征，又說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特征。for前方的形容詞是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等，一般說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特征，前方假如是名詞用for。如：1.Itsagoodideaforparentstoa

11、llowchildrentostudyingroupsduringtheevening.2.Itswiseofhimtodoitwell.3)Isitinterestingforthebabytoplaywithapetdog?八、帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式前方能夠帶疑問(wèn)代詞what,which,who或疑問(wèn)副詞how,when,where,why等。這類構(gòu)造起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或許獨(dú)自使用。要注意的是，why后邊的不定式不帶to。如：1 .用作句子的成分。1)Idontknowwhattotrynext.(作賓語(yǔ))2)Wheretogoisnotdecidedy

12、et.作(主語(yǔ))2 .獨(dú)自使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特別疑問(wèn)句。1)Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?2)Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否認(rèn)式不定式的否認(rèn)式是not/nevertodo.,不帶to的不定式的否認(rèn)式是not/neverdo.如:1 .Theydecidenottotalktoeachother.2 .Hisparentstellhimnevertoplaysoccerinthestreet.隨堂練習(xí)一動(dòng)詞填空。1.I'mgoingtolistentotheradio.Please(nottalk

13、)anymore.2.Thestudents(do)theirhomeworkfromfourtofivethisafternoon.3. Thestudents(be)busynow.They(have)anEnglishexamnextMonday.4. Marymust(look)afterherlittlesisterbecausesheistooyoung.5. (he)youwaitingforabusnow?6. Thiscoatisverycheap.I(take)itnow.7. I'lltellhimaboutitwhenhe_Xcome_)-back.8. Cou

14、ldyoutellmehow.I(canget)toNo3Middleschool.9. Hesaidthatthenewteacher(give)thestudentsanEnglishlessonnow.10. I11. Edison(milk)acowthreetimes.'smotherteach)himherself.12.He(watch)TVonceaweek.(sleep).13. Don'tspeakloudly.Thebaby14.Iwon'otoutguntil.I(finish)myhomework.15.Couldyoutellmewhenth

15、etrain(arrive).16.Ioftenhearthesoundofchildren(read)Englishintheroom.17.Heaskedme(help)himwithhisEnglishthisevening.18.Theirworkis(clean)thestreets.19. Didheenjoy(work)inChina.(rain)tomorrow.20. Wewillstayathomeifit21. Bequiet!Theboy(sing)anEnglishsong.22.youyourhomeworkyet(start)?23. Who(teach)them

16、Englishlastterm.24. There(be)atelephonecallforyoujustnow.25. Pleasekeepeverything(clean)(do)myhomework.26. Peterwon'thavearestuntilhe_Cfinish_)hiswork.27. IwatchedTV,soI(forget)28. WhenI(walk)alongtheriver,Imetmyfriend,Tom.29. WhenMothercame,thelittlegirl(play)withacat.30. WhenIwasfive,I(get)tok

17、nowtheearth(move)aroundthesun.31. They(see)aboy(fall)intotheriverwhilethey(pass)ityesterday.32. (study)hardatyourlessonsand(nottalk)inclass.33. You(have)better(noteat)thebadfood.34. WhileI(do)myhomework,myparents_(watch)TV.35. He(notfinish)(read)thebook.36. I(get)upveryearlythismorning.I(read)Englis

18、hnow.37. He(hurry)toschooleverymorning.38. Ourteacher(notstop)(work)untileleveno'clocklastnight.39. Ifhe(know)it,he(be)veryhappy.40. It(take)ushalfanhour(read)Englisheveryday.41. Thechildren(run)inthestreetnow.42. There(be)twomeetingstomorrowmorning.43. Myfather(sleep)whenI(get)upthismorning.44.

19、 WhenI(go)toseeTom,he(notwrite)anything.45. Sorry,whenyou(call)me,I(think)and(nothear)you.46. Mr.Green(leave)hisnotebookathomeyesterday.47. I(want)tobuyanewcoatnextSunday.48. Hisfather(read)newspaperwhenIgotthere.49. It(be)fiveyearssincehe(buy)themotorbike.50. Wefounditwasverydifficult(get)acar.51.

20、Wearesoglad(hear)thenews.52.Isawhim(cross)theroadsafelyand(run)away.53.Youcan'tmakehim(do)whatyouwant.54.Idon'tknowwhere(meet)him.55 .Whatmakesyou(think)I'mafarmer?56 .Didyouseehim(go)upstairs?56.1 tisbetter(put)yourmoneyinabank.58.Itisdifficultfortheboy(swim)acrosstheriver.59.Ilethim(go

21、)earlyashewanted(meet)hisuncleatthestation.60.Willyouhelpme(move)thebed?'db61.Ifhedoesn'tknow,how(use)therecorder,you(show)him.62.Heisthelastone(leave)theofficeeveryday.63.Itsbadmanners(shout)inpublic.64.Theboyisoldenough(dress)himself.65.Sheistooill(go)toschool.二選擇題1. Tellhim_thewindow.A.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.tonotcloseD.notclose2. P