鼻咽部斷層解剖圖

1、借花獻佛-劉國清（廣東省中醫(yī)院影像中心，2010.11）1 Orbicularis oris muscle（口輪匝?。? Levator labii superioris muscle（提上唇?。? Maxilla (palatine process) and incisive canal（上頜骨和門齒管）4 Levator anguli oris muscle（提口角?。? Maxillary sinus（上頜竇）6 Major zygomaticus muscle（顴大肌）7 Soft palate（軟腭）8 Masseter muscle（咬?。? Nasopharynx（鼻咽）10 M

2、edial pterygoid muscle（翼內(nèi)?。?1 Temporal muscle（顳?。?2 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆張肌）13 Lateral pterygoid muscle（翼外?。?4 Mandibular nerve (V3)（下頜神經(jīng)）15 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)（咽鼓管）(torus levatorius)（提肌圓枕/咽鼓管圓枕） 16 Maxillary artery（上頜動脈）17 Longus capitis muscle（頭長肌）18 Retromandibular vein

3、（下頜后靜脈）19 Ramus of mandible（下頜支）20 Levator veli palatini muscle（腭帆提肌）21 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)（舌咽神經(jīng)）22 Occipital bone, basilar part(basion)（枕骨/枕骨斜坡）23 Internal carotid artery（頸內(nèi)動脈）24 Parotid gland（腮腺）25 Vagus nerve (X)（迷走神經(jīng)）26 Internal jugular vein（頸內(nèi)靜脈）(superior bulb)（頸靜脈上球）27 Hypoglossal nerv

4、e (XII)（舌下神經(jīng)）28 Vertebral artery（椎動脈）29 Interpeduncular cistern（腳間池）30 Sigmoid sinus（乙狀竇）31 Mastoid cells（乳突小房）32 Medulla oblongata(延髓)33 Vermis (小腦蚓部)34 Tonsil of cerebellum（小腦扁桃體）35 Occipital bone（枕骨）36 Cerebellar hemisphere（小腦半球）(posterior lobe)（后葉）37 Cisterna magna （枕大池）(posterior cerebellomedul

5、lary cistern)（小腦延髓池）38 Semispinalis capitis muscle（頭半棘?。? Orbicularis oris muscle（口輪匝?。? Levator anguli oris muscle（提上唇?。? Maxilla (alveolar process) (上頜骨)4 Hard palate(硬腭)5 Buccinator muscle（頰?。? Zygomaticus muscle（顴?。? Soft palate（軟額）8 Facial artery（面動脈）9 Lateral pterygoid muscle（翼外?。?0 Masseter m

6、uscle（咬?。?1 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼內(nèi)?。?2 Temporal muscle（顳肌）13 Levator veli palatini muscle（腭帆提?。?4 Ramus of mandible（下頜支）15 Splenius capitis muscle（頭夾?。?6 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆張?。?7 Longus capitis muscle（頭長?。?8 Nasopharynx（鼻咽）19 Anterior arch of atlas（寰椎前弓）20 Internal carotid artery（頸內(nèi)動脈

7、）21 Internal jugular vein（頸內(nèi)靜脈）22 Parotid gland（腮腺）23 Retromandibular vein（下頜后靜脈）24 Vagus nerve (X)（迷走神經(jīng)）25 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle（頭外側直?。?6 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)（舌下神經(jīng)）27 Medulla oblongata（延髓）28 Accessory nerve (XI)（副神經(jīng)）29 Mastoid cells (mastoid process)（乳突小房）30 Occipital bone, basilar par

8、t(basion)（枕骨斜坡）31 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)（二腹肌/后腹）32 Interpeduncular cistern（腳間池）33 Splenius capitis muscle（頭夾?。?4 Condylar canal with emissary veins（髁管靜脈）35 Tonsil of cerebellum（小腦扁桃體）36 Vertebral artery（椎動脈）37 Occipital bone（枕骨）38 Cerebellar hemisphere(posterior lobe)（小腦半球/后葉）39 Semispin

9、alis capitis muscle（頭半棘?。?0 Cisterna magna (posterior cerebellomedullary cistern)（枕大池/小腦延髓池）1 Orbicularis oris muscle（口輪匝?。? Levator anguli oris muscle（提上唇?。? Hard palate（硬腭）4 Maxilla (alveolar process)（上頜骨）5 Facial artery（面動脈）6 Buccinator muscle（頰?。? Soft palate（軟腭）8 Masseter muscle（咬肌）9 Lateral pt

10、erygoid muscle（翼外?。?0 Ramus of mandible（下頜支）11 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼內(nèi)肌）12 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆張?。?3 Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽上縮?。?4 Pharynx（鼻咽）15 Longus capitis muscle（頭長?。?6 Internal carotid artery（頸內(nèi)動脈）17 Atlas (anterior arch)（寰椎前弓）18 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)（舌咽神經(jīng)）1

11、9 Maxillary artery and vein（上頜動脈與靜脈）20 Vagus nerve (X)（迷走神經(jīng)）21 Retromandibular vein（下頜后靜脈）22 Hypoglossal nerve (XII)（舌下神經(jīng)）23 Internal jugular vein（頸內(nèi)靜脈）24 Accessory nerve (XI)（副神經(jīng)）25 Parotid gland（腮腺）26 Atlas, transverse process（寰椎橫突）27 Dens of axis（齒狀突）28 Digastric muscle (posterior belly) （二腹肌/后腹）

12、29 Medulla oblongata（延髓）30 Transverse ligament of atlas（寰椎橫韌帶）31 Vertebral artery（椎動脈）32 Rectus capitis lateralis muscle（頭外側直?。?3 Atlas, posterior arch（寰椎后弓）34 Obliquus capitis superior muscle（頭上斜肌）35 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle（頭后小直?。?6 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle（頭下斜?。?7 Semispinali

13、s capitis muscle（頭半棘?。?8 Splenius capitis muscle（頭夾?。? Upper lip（上唇）2 Incisors (1 and 2 left)（門牙）3 Orbicularis oris muscle（口輪匝?。? Canine tooth (3 left)（尖牙）5 Levator anguli oris muscle（提上唇?。? Premolar teeth (4 and 5 left)(前磨牙)7 Tongue（舌）8 Molar teeth (6,7 and 8)（磨牙）9 Buccinator muscle（頰?。?0 Facial ar

14、tery（面動脈）11 Uvula（懸壅垂）12 Masseter muscle（咬肌）13 Tensor veli palatini muscle（腭帆張?。?4 Ramus of mandible with alveolar canal（下頜支管與下頜骨牙槽）15 Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽上縮?。?6 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼內(nèi)?。?7 Longus capitis muscle（頭長?。?8 Oropharynx（口咽）19 Styloglossus muscle（莖突舌肌）20 Pharyngeal ve

15、nous plexus（咽靜脈叢）21 Stylopharyngeus muscle（莖突咽?。?2 Parotid gland and retromandibular vein（腮腺和下頜后靜脈）23 Maxillary artery（上頜動脈）24 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)（舌咽神經(jīng)）25 Internal carotid artery（頸內(nèi)動脈）26 Hypoglossus nerve (XII)（舌下神經(jīng)）27 Atlas (anterior arch)（寰椎前弓）28 Vagus nerve (X)（迷走神經(jīng)）29 Transverse process

16、and foramen transversarium（橫突孔）30 Accessory nerve (XI)（副神經(jīng)）31 Digastric muscle (posterior belly)（二腹肌后腹）32 Atlas, lateral mass（寰椎側塊）33 Sternocleidomastoid muscle（胸鎖乳突?。?4 Dens of axis（齒狀突）35 Spinal cord（脊髓）36 Transverse ligament of atlas（寰椎橫韌帶）37 Deep cervical veins（頸深靜脈）38 Longissimus capitis muscle

17、（頭最長?。?9 Trapezius muscle（斜方?。?0 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle（頭下斜肌）41 Semispinalis capitis muscle（頭半棘?。?2 Splenius capitis muscle（頭夾肌）43 Nuchal ligament（項韌帶）1 Palatine tonsil（腭扁桃體）2 Foramen magnum（枕大孔）3 Vomer（犁骨）4 Anterior longitudinal ligament（前縱韌帶）5 Nasopharynx and longus colli muscle（鼻咽部肌肉及頸長

18、?。? Apical ligament of dens（齒突尖韌帶）7 Hard palate（硬腭）8 Tectorial membrane（蓋膜）9 Incisive canal（切牙管）10 Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane（寰枕后膜）11 Orbicularis oris muscle（口輪匝?。?2 Anterior arch of atlas（寰椎前弓）13 Soft palate（軟腭）14 Suboccipital fatty tissue（枕骨脂肪組織）15 Superior longitudinal muscle of tongue

19、and oral cavity（上縱肌舌和口腔）16 Transverse ligament of atlas(of cruciform ligament of atlas)（寰椎橫韌帶/寰椎十字韌帶）17 Transverse muscle of tongue（舌橫肌）18 Dens of axis (C2)（樞椎齒狀突）19 Genioglossus muscle and lingual septum（頦舌肌和舌隔?。?0 Nuchal ligament（項韌帶）21 Mandible（下頜骨）22 Ligamentum flavum（黃韌帶）23 Oropharynx（口咽）24 Int

20、erspinalis muscles（棘間?。?5 Geniohyoid muscle（頦舌骨?。?6 Transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles（杓狀軟骨橫肌/斜?。?7 Mylohyoid muscle（下頷舌骨?。?8 Vertebra C6 and intervertebral disc（第6頸椎和椎間盤）29 Hyoid bone（舌骨）30 Larynx (lamina)（喉）31 Epiglottis（會厭）32 Spinous process of C7（第7頸椎棘突）33 Epiglottic vallecula（會厭谷）34 Infer

21、ior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽下縮?。?5 Thyroid cartilage（甲狀軟骨）36 Spinal cord（脊髓）37 Vestibular ligament and laryngeal ventricle (ventricle of Morgagni)（前庭韌帶及喉室）38 Spinous process（棘突）39 Vocal ligament (false vocal cord)（聲韌帶/假聲帶）40 Posterior longitudinal ligament（后縱韌帶）41 Sternothyroid muscle（胸骨甲狀肌）4

22、2 Anterior longitudinal ligament（前縱韌帶）43 Thyroid gland（甲狀腺）44 Esophagus（食道）45 Trachea（氣管）46 Brachiocephalic artery（頭臂干動脈）1 Levator veli palatini muscle（腭帆提?。? Semispinalis capitis muscle（頭半棘肌）3 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼內(nèi)?。? Atlas (lateral mass)（寰椎側塊）5 Longus capitis muscle（頭長肌）6 Rectus capitis poste

23、rior minor muscle（頭后小直?。? Maxilla（上頜骨）8 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle（頭后大直?。? Orbicularis oris muscle（口輪匝肌）10 Inferior oblique muscle（下斜?。?1 Palatine tonsil（腭扁桃體）12 Splenius capitis muscle（頭夾?。?3 Superior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽上縮?。?4 Spinal nerve root (C3)（頸3脊神經(jīng)根）15 Tongue（舌）16 Infe

24、rior articular process（下關節(jié)突）17 Sublingual gland（舌下腺）18 Trapezius muscle(descending part)（斜方肌降段）19 Mandible（下頜骨）20 Superior articular process（上關節(jié)突）21 Palatopharyngeus muscle（咽腭?。?2 Vertebral artery（椎動脈）23 Mylohoid muscle（頷舌骨?。?4 Multifidus muscle（多裂肌）25 Digastric muscle (anterior belly)（二腹肌前腹）26 Semi

25、spinalis cervicis muscle（頸半棘?。?7 Hyoid bone（舌骨）28 Longus colli muscle（頸長肌）29 Pharynx and epiglottic vallecula（會厭谷）30 Spinal nerve root (T1)（胸1脊神經(jīng)根）31 Thyroid cartilage（甲狀軟骨）32 Serratus posterior superior muscle（后上鋸?。?3 Cricoid cartilage（環(huán)狀軟骨）34 Trapezius muscle（斜方肌）35 Platysma（頸闊?。?6 Splenius cervic

26、is muscle（頸夾?。?7 Inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx（咽下縮肌）38 Left subclavian artery（左鎖骨下動脈）39 Thyroid gland（甲狀腺）40 Left lung（左肺）41 Sternohyoid muscle（胸骨舌骨?。?2 Rhomboid (major and minor) muscle（大小菱形?。?3 Common carotid artery（頸總動脈）44 Aortic arch（主動脈弓）45 Left brachiocephalic vein（左側頭臂干靜脈）1 Maxillary

27、 sinus（上頜竇）2 Internal carotid artery (carotid syphon)（頸內(nèi)靜脈虹吸段）3 Medial pterygoid muscle（翼內(nèi)?。? Mandibular nerve（下頜神經(jīng)）5 Levator labii superioris muscle（腭帆提肌）6 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)（咽鼓管）7 Digastric muscle（二腹?。? Rectus capitis lateralis muscle（頭外側直肌）9 Mylohyoid muscle（下頜舌骨?。?0 Tensor vel

28、i palatini muscle（腭帆張肌）11 Orbicularis orbis muscle（口輪匝?。?2 Obliquus capitis superior muscle（頭上斜?。?3 Mandible（下頜骨）14 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle（頭后大直?。?5 Submandibular gland（下頜下腺）16 Atlas (transverse process)（寰椎橫突）17 Facial vein（面靜脈）18 Semispinalis capitis muscle（頭半棘?。?9 Longus colli muscle

29、（頭長肌）20 Obliquus capitis inferior muscle（頭下斜?。?1 Platysma（頸闊肌）22 Vertebral artery（椎動脈）23 Transverse processes and spinal nerve roots（橫突和脊神經(jīng)根）24 Internal carotid artery（頸內(nèi)動脈）25 Common carotid artery（頸總動脈）26 Semispinalis cervicis muscle（頸半棘?。?7 Scalenus anterior muscle（前斜角?。?8 Scalenus posterior muscl

30、e（后斜角肌）29 Sternocleidomastoid muscle（胸鎖乳突?。?0 Splenius capitis muscle（頭夾肌）31 Thyroid gland（甲狀腺）32 Trapezius muscle（斜方?。?3 Subclavian artery（鎖骨下動脈）34 First rib（第1肋）35 Internal jugular vein（頸內(nèi)靜脈）36 Semispinalis cervicis muscle（頸半棘肌）37 Subclavian vein (left)（左鎖骨下靜脈）38 Rhomboid (major and minor) muscle（

31、大小菱形?。?9 Clavicle（鎖骨）40 Interspinalis muscle（棘間肌）41 Brachiocephalic vein (left)（頭臂干靜脈）42 Serratus anterior muscle（前鋸?。?3 Lung (left)（左肺）1 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)(蝶骨小翼)2 Levator palpebrae superioris muscle（提上瞼?。? Ethmoidal cells (anterior)（前組篩竇小房）4 Superior rectus muscle（上直?。? Temporal muscle（顳

32、?。? Superior oblique muscle（上斜?。? Nasal septum（鼻中隔）8 Optic nerve (II)（視神經(jīng)）9 Middle nasal concha（中鼻甲）10 Lateral rectus muscle（外直?。?1 Inferior nasal concha（下鼻甲）12 Medial rectus muscle（內(nèi)直?。?3 Mandible（上腭）14 Inferior rectus muscle（下直?。?5 Longitudinal muscle of tongue（舌縱?。?6 Zygomatic bone (temporal proc

33、ess)（顴骨顳突）17 Masseter muscle（咬?。?8 Maxillary sinus（上頜竇）19 Lingual septum（舌中隔）20 Hard palate（硬腭）21 Mandible（下頜骨）22 Buccinator muscle（頰?。?3 Mylohoid muscle（下頜舌骨?。?4 Transverse muscle of tongue（舌橫?。?5 Digastric muscle (anterior belly)（二腹肌前腹）26 Hypoglossus muscle（舌下?。?7 Platysma（頸闊?。?8 Genioglossus musc

34、le（頦舌?。?9 Vestibular fold（前庭襞）30 Geniohyoid muscle（頦舌骨?。?1 Glottis（聲門）32 Thyrohyoid muscle（甲狀舌骨?。?3 Thyroid cartilage（甲狀軟骨）34 Laryngeal ventricle（喉室）35 Infraglottic cavity（生門下腔）36 Vocalis muscle（聲帶?。?7 Trachea（氣管）38 Cricoid cartilage（環(huán)狀軟骨）39 Sternohyoid muscle（胸骨舌骨肌）1 Superior orbital fissure眶上裂2 Op

35、tic nerve (II)視神經(jīng)3 Sphenoidal bone (lesser wing)蝶骨小翼4 Trochlear nerve (IV)滑車神經(jīng)5 Temporal bone顳骨6 Frontal nerve額神經(jīng)7 Foramen rotundum with maxillary nerve (V2)圓孔與上頜神經(jīng)8 Superior ophthalmic vein眼上靜脈9 Pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窩10 Sphenoidal sinus蝶竇11 Dorsal nasal cavity and nasal septum后鼻腔和鼻中隔12 Zygomatic

36、bone (temporal process)顴骨顳突13 Pterygoid fossa翼窩14 Temporal muscle顳肌15 Lateral pterygoid process外側翼狀突16 Maxillary artery上頜動脈17 Medial pterygoid process內(nèi)側翼狀突18 Facial nerve (VII)面神經(jīng)19 Soft palate軟腭20 Medial pterygoid muscle翼內(nèi)肌21 Mandible (ramus)下頜骨下支22 Longitudinal muscle of tongue舌縱肌23 Masseter muscl

37、e咬肌24 Transverse muscle of tongue舌橫肌25 Hypoglossus muscle舌下肌26 Facial artery面動脈27 Submandibular gland下頜下腺28 Mylohoid muscle下頜舌骨肌29 Vertical muscle of tongue舌垂直肌30 Platysma頸闊肌31 Lingual septum舌中隔32 Hyoid bone舌骨33 Thyrohyoid muscle甲狀舌骨肌34 Geniohyoid muscle頦舌骨肌35 Laryngeal ventricle喉室36 Thyroid cartila

38、ge甲狀軟骨37 Infraglottic cavity聲門下腔38 Cricoid cartilage環(huán)狀軟骨39 Larynx喉頭40 Cricothyroid muscle環(huán)甲肌41 Anterior jugular vein頸前靜脈42 Sternohyoid muscle胸骨舌骨肌43 Suprasternal space胸骨上間隙44 Clavicle鎖骨45 Sternoclavicular joint胸鎖關節(jié)1 Temporal muscle顳肌2 Sphenoidal sinus蝶竇3 Vomer犁骨4 Zygomatic bone (temporal process)顴骨顳

39、突5 Sphenoidal bone (greater wing)蝶骨大翼6 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube) (cartilage)咽鼓管/耳咽管/咽鼓管軟骨7 Lateral and medial plates of pterygoid process外側和內(nèi)側翼突板8 Lateral pterygoid muscle翼外肌9 Peripharyngeal space咽周間隙10 Nasopharynx鼻咽11 Masseter muscle咬肌12 Levator veli palatini muscle腭帆提肌13 Oropharynx口咽14

40、 Medial pterygoid muscle翼內(nèi)肌15 Transverse muscle of tongue舌縱肌16 Soft palate軟腭17 Hypoglossus muscle舌下肌18 Mandible下頜骨19 Digastric muscle二腹肌20 Genioglossus muscle頦舌肌21 Facial artery面動脈22 Submandibular gland下頜下腺23 Epiglottic vallecula會厭谷24 Hyoid bone (greater horn)舌骨大角25 Laryngeal vestibule喉室26 Platysma頸

41、闊肌27 Piriform recess梨狀隱窩28 Aryepiglottic muscle with aryepiglottic fold聲門肌及聲門皺襞29 Omohyoid muscle肩胛舌骨肌30 Thyroid cartilage甲狀軟骨31 Thyroarytenoid muscle甲杓肌32 Arytenoid cartilage杓狀軟骨33 Sternocleidomastoid muscle胸鎖乳突肌34 Trachea氣管35 Anterior jugular vein頸前靜脈36 Thyroid gland甲狀腺37 Clavicle鎖骨38 Inferior thy

42、roid veins甲狀腺下靜脈1 Temporal muscle顳肌2 Sphenoidal sinus蝶竇3 Sphenoidal bone (greater wing)蝶骨大翼4 Oropharynx口咽5 Zygomatic bone顴骨6 Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)(cartilage)咽鼓管7 Pharyngeal tonsil咽扁桃體8 Lateral pterygoid muscle翼外肌9 Torus tubarius咽鼓管圓枕10 Tensor veli palatini muscle腭帆張肌11 Pharyngeal ope

43、ning of auditory tube咽鼓管咽口12 Maxillary artery上頜動脈13 Parotid gland腮腺14 Levator veli palatini muscle腭帆提肌15 Inferior alveolar nerve下牙槽神經(jīng)16 Medial pterygoid muscle翼內(nèi)肌17 Masseter muscle咬肌18 Soft palate and uvula軟腭和懸雍垂19 Ramus of mandible下頜支20 Palatopharyngeus muscle咽腭肌21 Styloglossus muscle莖突舌肌22 Facial artery面動脈23 Oropharynx口咽24 Palatine tonsil腭扁桃體25 Hyoid bone舌骨26 Digastric muscle二腹肌27 Epiglottic vallecula會厭谷28 Submandibular gland下頜下腺29 Epiglottis會厭30 Laryngeal inlet