牛津上海版9A U7基礎(chǔ)知識學(xué)案

1、.牛津上海版9A Unit 6Words.1. escape v. n. 逃生，逃走，漏掉e. g. They escaped from the burning house. 他們從著火的房子里逃出來了。 The thief jumped into a car and made his escape.小偷跳上汽車逃走了。2. plot n. 小說的情節(jié)；構(gòu)造e. g. The film had an exciting plot. 這部電影有吸引人的情節(jié)。3. finish n. 結(jié)尾，完畢e. g. The last race was a very close finish. =The run

2、ners at the front race were close together at the end. 最后一場賽跑在尾段競爭劇烈?！局R拓展】finish v.完成，完畢。后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語，不可接動詞不定式。e. g. I finished reading the book last night.我昨晚看完了那本書。 When did you finish your college? 你什么時候大學(xué)畢業(yè)的？【友誼提示】英語中有些動詞只接動名詞，不可以接動詞不定式，常見的有：enjoy“喜歡，享受，欣賞，keep“保持，mind“介意，practise“練習(xí)"等。4

3、. action n. 活力，精力；動作，戲劇或書中的情節(jié)e. g. We had a very exciting holiday. Every day was full of action.我們度過了一個非常有意思的假期。每天都充滿了活力?！局R拓展】act v. 行動，產(chǎn)生的效果，擔當，表演，見效e. g. The time for talking is past; we must act at once.沒有時間再說了，我們必須立即行動。Who is acting the part of Hamlet? 誰扮演哈姆雷特這個角色？5. personality n. 個性，人格e. g. T

4、he boy is developing a fine personality. 這孩子正在開展自己完美的品格。respect the personality of a child 尊重兒童的人格a man with little personality沒有什么個性的男人a woman with a strong personality個性很強的女人【知識拓展】personal adj.個人的，私人的指單個的人e. g. She made a personal donation to the fund.她以個人名義向基金會捐款?！窘x】character n.性格，特征 identity n.

5、身份；特性 individuality n.個性，個人的特性6. above adj. & prep.在上方；在的上面e. g. His bedroom is just above. 他的寢室在上面。【指點迷津】above, on, over1 above與on下面的這兩幅圖片說明了above和on的用法。雖說兩個詞都可以表示梯在之上，但從例子中可見，above表示兩物體間無接觸，on表示兩物體間有接觸。a flag above the blackboard a flag on the blackboard2 above和over兩個詞在作“超過，高出解時，意義一樣。e. g. The

6、 flood rose up above/over the bridge.洪水漫過了大橋。但兩者在表示“在上方時，區(qū)別較大。over表示A物體在B物體的正上方反義詞為below; 而above那么指相對上方的位置，反義詞為under。e. g. The Nanpu Suspension Bridge is over the Huangpu River.南浦大橋橫跨在黃浦江上。An aeroplane is flying above us.一架飛機從我們頭頂掠過。7. script n. 劇本，腳本e. g. The script was delivered to the director ah

7、ead of schedule. 劇本已經(jīng)提早送交導(dǎo)演了。television shooting script電視分鏡頭劇本【知識拓展】scriptwriter n.電視、電影腳本作者8. affair n.事件；事務(wù)e. g. affairs of state國務(wù) foreign affairs外交事務(wù)We must try to forget this sad affair.我們要盡量把這件傷心的事忘掉。這些名詞都有“事情，事務(wù)的意思。1 matter所表示的“事情比較籠統(tǒng)，通常指客觀存在的或有待處理的問題。e. g. Education in the wilderness is not

8、a matter of monetary means. 荒涼地區(qū)的教育不是錢財問題。 2 affair以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時，通常指一般的“事情，而以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時，通常指重大的“事情。不管單、復(fù)數(shù)，這個詞所表示的“事情都包含著“在進展中，處在過程中或“交易，交往的意思。e. g. The whole affair has been extremely unpleasant. 整件事都令人很不愉快。The organization should have control of its own financial affairs. 那個機構(gòu)應(yīng)該財政自立。 3 thing在含義上比matter還要模糊，

9、有時為了模糊其辭而有意用thing。e. g. I hope things will be better in the future. 我希望將來事情將會向好的方向開展。4 business所表示的“事情或“事務(wù)多與“職務(wù)有關(guān)，有時這個詞表示指派的“任務(wù)。e. g. The friends I choose are my business, not yours. 交朋友是我的事，不關(guān)你的事。Our business is to collect the information, not to comment on it. 我們的工作是搜集資料；不是發(fā)表評論。 9. knot n. 繩等的結(jié)e.

10、g. Tie a knot in a piece of string.在一根繩子上打結(jié)。Make a knot at the end of rope. 在繩頭上打個結(jié)。10. kidnapper n. 綁匪，綁架犯e. g. The man with black glasses is a kidnapper.那個戴墨鏡的人是個綁架者?！窘x】abductor n.誘拐者【知識拓展】kidnap vt. 綁架e. g. The man kidnapped many people. He is a kidnapper.這個人綁架了許多人。他是個綁架者。11. appeal n. 懇求，呼吁，懇求e

11、. g. The teacher listened to his appeal. 老師聽了他的懇求?！境Ｓ么钆洹縨ake an appeal to sb 向某人提出呼吁；引起某人興趣e. g. Many countries have made an appeal to the United States for stopping attacking Iraq. 很多國家向美國呼吁停頓進攻伊拉克。 12. wonder adj.非凡的，奇妙的【友誼提示】wonder作形容詞的情況比較少。但在口語中往往用來代替wonderful?！局R拓展】wonder n.驚奇：驚嘆e. g. They wer

12、e filled with wonder at the sight.他們見此情景驚嘆不已。13. invention n. 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)造物e. g. Necessity is the mother of invention.諺需要是創(chuàng)造之母。His 6,000 inventions included the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the mimeograph machine.他做出了六千項創(chuàng)造，包括電燈泡，留聲機唱機和油印機?！局R拓展】invent v. 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)造 inventor n. 創(chuàng)造者；創(chuàng)造者e. g. Laszlo

13、 Biro invented the ball-point pen.拉斯洛·拜羅創(chuàng)造了圓珠筆。14. fool v. 愚弄, 欺騙e. g. He fooled me into giving him money.他欺騙我，要我給他錢?！窘x】trick v.欺騙，哄騙【知識拓展】foolish adj.愚蠢的，傻的，笨的e. g. It is foolish to do such a thing. 做這樣一件事真是愚蠢。15. idiot n.白癡，愚人，傻瓜e. g. Idiot! You've dropped my watch.傻瓜，你把我的表弄掉了?！境Ｓ么钆洹縝eg

14、sb for an idiot把某人當作傻瓜 of all the idiots糊涂透頂【近義】fool n.愚人，白癡【反義】genius n. 天才，天才人物16. crash n. 突然的響聲；巨響e. g. The car hit the tree with a crash.汽車轟隆一聲撞到樹上?！居颜x提示】上句中的crash是個名詞。我們學(xué)習(xí)過crash還可以作動詞用。因此上句可以改寫為The car crashed into the tree.17. chance n. 時機e. g. I haven't had a chance to read my letter. 我還

15、沒有時機看我的信呢。Is there any chance of the team winning this week? 這個隊本星期有無獲勝的時機？ 【常用搭配】by chance意外地；偶爾地e. g. They met by chance on a plane.他們在飛機上不期而遇。【近義】opportunity n.時機，時機18. meanwhile adv. 其間，其時e. g. They'll be here soon, meanwhile we'll have some coffee. 他們即刻就到，我們?nèi)缃裣群赛c咖啡。【友誼提示】meanwhile又作mean

16、time。19. headquarters n.司令部，指揮部，總部e. g. The company has its headquarters in the suburbs. 這家公司的總部設(shè)在郊區(qū)。20. chief n.領(lǐng)袖，領(lǐng)袖，長官e. g. According to the Charter, the president is chief of the armed forces. 根據(jù)憲法規(guī)定，總統(tǒng)是武裝部隊的首腦?！窘x】leader n.指導(dǎo) ruler n.統(tǒng)治者 principal n.負責(zé)人，首長 21. vary v.改變，變更；變化，不同e. g. The temper

17、ature varied throughout the day.氣溫一整天都在變化著。【常用搭配】vary from .to從到不等；在一到¨¨之間變動 vary with隨而變化e. g. The colour of the wall varies with temperature. 這堵墻的顏色會隨著溫度的變化而變化。這兩個詞都含有“改變的意思。 1 change指“使改變得與原物完全不同或“使發(fā)生以新代舊的變化。e. g. The appearance of the town is quite changed. 這個城鎮(zhèn)的外觀變化頗大。 2 vary指“不規(guī)那么或連續(xù)

18、地改變。e. g. Customs vary with the times.風(fēng)俗隨時代而異。22. scenery n. 風(fēng)景，風(fēng)光e. g. The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.山里的風(fēng)光非常美。Lets stop to admire the scenery.讓我們停下來欣賞風(fēng)景。日常表達1. think of考慮，考慮e. g. I can't think of his name at the moment.我一時想不起他的名字。Can you think of any explanation for his frequen

19、t absence from work?他經(jīng)常曠工，你能想得出有什么理由進展解釋嗎？ 1 think about和think of這兩個短語表示“考慮，考慮，對有某種看法時，可以互換。e. g. -What do you think of/ about him? 你認為他怎么樣？-I like him.我喜歡他。 2 think“表示“想出；想著；想起時，不可以用think about交換。 e. g. Who thought of the good idea? 誰想出的這個好主意？ 3 think about表示“回想過去的事情，考慮某方案是否實在可行時，一般不可和think of換用。e.

20、 g. I often thought about what you said last time I saw you.我時常想起上次見到你時你說的話。 4 think over意為“認真考慮，仔細考慮，比think of和think about表達的考慮的程度要深，相當于think aboutcarefully。over為副詞，賓語如是名詞，那么可位于over之前或之后；賓語如是代詞，那么必須放在over之前。e. g. Think it over，and you will find a way.仔細考慮一下，你就會有方法。2. be full of充滿的e. g. The cup is f

21、ullit is full of milk.這個杯子滿了，裝滿了牛奶。Her eyes were full of tears. 她的眼里充滿了淚水。【近義】be filled with被充滿的3. vary to變動，變?yōu)閑. g. Opinions vary as to the cause. 動機的不同造成了不同的想法。Courses vary according to the needs of the students.課程根據(jù)學(xué)生的需要而有所不同。 【知識拓展】vary的名詞形式是variety，表示“種類，品種，形容詞形式是various，表示“各種各樣的，各種不同的。 e. g. T

22、his variety of dog is very useful for hunting.這種狗對狩獵很有用。There are different varieties of plants in the garden.花園里有各種各樣的植物。The subject may be viewed in various ways.這問題可以從不同的方面加以考慮。The products we sell are many and various.我們出售的產(chǎn)品是各式各樣的。4. be made into被制成e. g. Glass is made into different sizes and s

23、hapes by the workers blowing it.工人將玻璃吹制成不同的尺寸和形狀。5. search for搜尋；搜索e. g. Police searched for clues in the area. 警察在那一地帶查找線索。6. come to life栩栩如生；復(fù)活e. g. Scenery can make the strip come to life. 背景可以使漫畫顯得栩栩如生。After twenty minutes' rescue, the old lady came to life. 經(jīng)過20分鐘的搶救，這位老婦人清醒了過來?！倦S堂小練】. Cho

24、ose the right words to complete the sentence1. Whales are the biggest animalsalive, living.2. Although he is anelder, elderlyman, he still keeps working.3. The story is mainly told in pictures, but there are bubbles for speech and thoughts, thinking4. When people get old, older, the short-term memor

25、y becomes worse.5. Frame sizes are varied to make the strip moreinterested, interesting.【keys】1. alive 2. elderly 3. thoughts 4. older 5. interesting. Choose a word or an expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part of a sentence A. unhappy B. comic strips C. start D. is joined to E

26、. foolish F. more than 1. Do you enjoy strip cartoons? 2. His report lasted over an hour. 3. We've decided to set off at seven o'clock tomorrow morning. 4. Don't ask such silly questions, children. 5. As we all know, memory is connected with our feelings.【keys】1. B 2. F 3. C 4. E 5. DSte

27、p 4: Important Sentences structures.1. The first thing to do when creating a comic strip is to think of a plot.=The first thing to do when you create a comic strip Is to think of a plot.1The first thing to do中的to do為定語，修飾the first thing。此外，本課中不定式作定語的句子還有：It should be full of action to keep the reade

28、rs interested此句中to keep the readers interested是動詞不定式作定語。2 is to think of a plot中的to think of a plot為表語。2. It needs to be funny or dramatic with an exciting finish.這里need為行為動詞，有第三人稱單復(fù)數(shù)變化，后跟動詞不定式。“需要做某事有兩種形式：need doing sth; need to do sth。兩者的區(qū)別是，當主語是人時，用need to do sth表示“某人需要做某事，當主語是物時，用need doing sth表

29、示“某物需要被。e. g. I need a bike.我需要一輛自行車。Do you need your dictionary? 你需要你的詞典嗎？I need to have a rest. 我需要休息。主語是人，用need to doOur classroom needs cleaning every day. 我們的教室需要每天清掃。主語“教室是物，用need doing【友誼提示】need也可用作情態(tài)動詞，用于疑問句和否認句，表示“需要，后面跟動詞原形，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。e. g. You needn't go home for lunch. 你不需要回家吃午飯。Need

30、they come into the room? 他們需要到房間里來嗎？He needn't answer the question. 他不需要答復(fù)這個問題。3. You can tell what the characters above are like just from looking at them.此句為what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其中what是連接代詞。e. g. I don't know what they are going to do. 我不知道他們打算干什么?！局R拓展】引導(dǎo)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞除了what之外，還有which，who，whose，whom等連接代

31、詞和when，where，why，how等連接副詞。e. g. He asked me whose the book is. 他問我這是誰的書。Could you tell me where you are from? 你能告訴我你來自哪兒嗎？Do you know how they found the place? 你知道他們是怎么找到那個地方的嗎？【例題】2020 北京-Can you tell me ? -She is in the computer lab. A. where Linda was B. where is Linda C. where was Linda D. where

32、 Linda is【答案】D【隨堂練習(xí)】I. Choose the best answer 1. It was reported that the professor's sonfor two days by two robbers.A. is kidnappedB. has been kidnappedC. was kidnappedD. had been kidnapped 2. Could you tell mefor Beijing tomorrow?A. that his brother is leavingB. that his brother was leavingC.

33、if his brother is leavingD. if his brother was leaving3. useful information you've emailed us!A. What aB. How aC HowD. What4. It is easyon-line and millions of people use the Internet every day.A. getB. to getC. getsD. getting 5. In order to get more knowledge* childrenread different kinds of bo

34、oks.A. needn'tB. need toC. needsD. needs to6. Let's see how the young man will escapethe burning house.A. from B. toC. inD. out7. It is difficult to tell JeanJoan. They look so alike.A. ofB. aboutC. to .D. from 8. The songsthe Britney Spears sings are very popular. Most of the students like

35、them verymuch. A. which B. whoC. whomD. whose 9. Thebook made all of us very.A. interested; interestingB. interested; interestedC. interesting; interestedD. interesting; interesting 10. Hebe in his sixties, for his hair is getting white.A. canB. mustC. needD. should 11. I don't like the fish. It

36、 smells.A. wellB. goodC. badD. badly 12. Hebut couldnobody.A. looked around; lookB. looked round; seeC. saw around; lookD. saw; looked around【keys】 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. B. Rewrite the sentences as required1. The story is mainly told in the pictures. There are

37、bubbles for speech and thoughts. 用but連接成并列句2. How are comic strips produced? The article will probably be about that. 合并為賓語從句3. She was very weak. She couldn't take care of her baby. 保持原句意思，合并為一個句子【keys】1.The story is mainly told in the pictures, but there are bubbles for speech and thoughts.2.

38、The article will probably be about how comic strips are produced.3. She was too weak to take care of her baby. /She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby. Grammar.形容詞一形容詞前置形容詞作定語，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前和不定代詞之后。e. g. China has a long history. 中國歷史悠久。Would you like anything else? 你要點別的什么嗎？二形容詞

39、放在某些動詞后面這樣的動詞有smell，sound，grow，seem，feel，get，taste，turn等。e. g. The service in this restaurant seems fast.這個飯店的效勞速度很快。The music sounds nice.這首音樂聽起來很優(yōu)美。三只能作表語的形容詞某些以a-開頭的形容詞，一般只作表話，如afraid，alive，alone，ashamed，asleep，awake，aware等。e. g. Dont be afraid.別害怕。 The baby is asleep.嬰兒睡著了。Jane was alone when he

40、r hu8band passed by last year. 當珍妮的丈夫去世后，她覺得很孤獨。四當“old"和，“poor，兩個單詞在句中作衰語時，分別表示年長的和缺錢的意思e. g. My friend is old. =It means my friend is elderly. 我的朋友年長。I am poor because I lost my job last year. =I am lack of money. 我貧窮是因為我去年失業(yè)了。五形容詞的排列順序形容詞的排列順序根本是固定的，但總體來說，常出現(xiàn)的不外乎有以下幾種情況：大小adjectives of size a

41、nd length .形狀adjectives of shape and width年齡adjectives of age顏色adjectives of colour來源adjectives of origin材料adjectives of materiale. g. I want to buy a new green silk dress. 我想要買一件新的綠色的真絲連衣裙。 Look, a charming old Japanese lady is coming to us.看，一位迷人的日本老婦人正向我們走來。He is reading an interesting French nov

42、el. 他正在讀一本有趣的法語小說?！居颜x提示】兩個或兩個以上的形容詞修飾名詞時，除了上面的規(guī)那么外，還通常把音節(jié)短的形容詞放在前面，音節(jié)長的形容詞放在后面。e. g. He is a tall and powerful man.他是一個高大又強壯的人。詳細參見下表形容詞排序表類別例詞1冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞等the, a, this, my, some, Marys, all2數(shù)詞表示性質(zhì)狀態(tài)的描繪形容詞短詞在前，長詞在后last3序數(shù)詞first, tenth, thirtieth4基數(shù)詞one, ten, thirty5表示特征的形容詞包括大小、長短、形狀large, sma

43、ll, long, round, tall, strong, interesting, important, best, beautiful6新舊、年齡、溫度young, old, new, ancient7表顏色的形容詞black, blue8表類屬的形容詞包括國籍等專有名詞Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish9表材料質(zhì)地的形容詞wooden10名詞性定語包括名詞、動名詞boy, story, citizen, man, building 六形容詞在it充當?shù)男问街髡Z時的用法、構(gòu)造It is + adj. +to+ verbe. g. It is impossi

44、ble to fulfil the work in limit hours.在有限的時間里完成這項工作是不可能的。典例剖析：【例1】 2019 上海Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pink dress. A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily【答案】A 【例2】 2020 上海The home-made ice-cream in this restaurant tastes .Would you like some? A. softly B. greatly C. nice D

45、. well【答案】 C【例3 】 2020 上海It's to read the map before you travel to a new place. A. helpful B. harmful C. powerful D. awful 【答案】A【例4】 It is important English every day. A. of us to read B. for us to read C. for us reading D. we must read【正確答案】B【例5】 Sammi has T-shirt. A. a new silk blue B. a blue

46、new silk C. a silk blue new D. a new blue silk【正確答案】D【例6】You are the only person after the war.A. alive B. living C. live D. lived【正確答案】A Homework. Reading comprehension APaula Romano teaches the third grade at No. 6 school. She left school at 3 s 30 and decided to go for a short walk in the park be

47、fore going home. It was a warm spring day and Paula was tired. She sat on a park bench to relax. She was enjoying the mild weather and watching the children play baseball. There wasn't a cloud in the sky.A tall, thin man approached Paula. She's very friendly and trusts everyone. She looked u

48、p and smiled; she wasn't afraid. The man didn't smile, but asked her what time it was. When she looked at her watch, he took her handbag. He was a thief.He had a gun and threatened to shoot Paula if she called for help. She was smart enough to keep quiet while he was near. She had only $ 20

49、in her handbag, but she had a lot of credit cards, all of her keys, and some important papers in it. And she was angry.She waited about ten seconds as the thief ran away. Then she shouted, "Help! Help! That man is stealing my handbag!" A man who was jogging heard her and chased the thief,

50、but it was too late. The thief was fast. There was a phone not far from the bench where Paula had been sitting. The jogger gave her 20 cents, and she called the police.Nancy, the new police officer, received the call for help, but by the time she reached the park, the thief was gone. Nancy recognize

51、d Paula immediately. Paula was Nancy's third grade teacher. Nancy gave Paula a big hug and asked her to describe the thief. "He was wearing a blue jacket and gray pants. He's quite tall and has long brown hair. I can still see his face. I will recognize him if I see him again," Pau

52、la said. "Don't worry, Mrs Romano," Nancy replied. "We'll get him and we'll get your handbag back."Nancy and Paula rode around the neighborhood looking for the thief. After about an hour, Paula suddenly saw a man in a blue jacket coming out of a bar. It was the thief.

53、 Nancy found the handbag in the man's car, so she arrested him and took him to the police station. He's in jail now and Paula is happy to have her keys and papers back. And, of course, she's proud of her third grade student.True or False 1. After school, Paula went for a walk in the park

54、. 2. She didn't trust the tall, thin man who asked for the time. 3. The thief said he would shoot Paula if she called for help. 4. She had a lot of money in her handbag. 5. A police officer heard her shout for help and chased the thief. 6. It was Nancy who caught the thief and found the handbag

55、for Paula.【keys】l. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T BDavid Moore taught science at the City School. He needed some expensive books, so he bought them. He left them in his car in a quiet street. Then he bought other things at other shops. At six o'clock he came back to the car. One window was open and the books were not there! David drove home to Fly Road.That night he wrote a l