情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測用法總結(jié)及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)常用

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測用法總結(jié)及專 項(xiàng)練習(xí)（可以直接使用，可編輯 優(yōu)質(zhì)資料，歡迎下載）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測用法總結(jié)及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. can / could 用于表推測的用法(1) 從使用句型上看， can 通常只用于否定句或疑問句，一般不 用于肯定句， 而 could 可用于肯定句、 否定句和疑問句。 兩者沒有時(shí) 間上的差別，只是 could 比 can 更委婉，更不確定。如：It can ' t couldn ' t be那不可能是真的。What can could they be doing? 他們會(huì)在干什么呢 ?We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我們可

2、能要去那兒。注：can有時(shí)也用于肯定句中表示推測，主要用于表示理論上的 可能性(即從理論上看是可能的，但實(shí)際未必會(huì)發(fā)生)，或表示 “有時(shí)之意。如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有經(jīng)驗(yàn) 的教師也可能出錯(cuò)。She can be very unpleasant. 她有時(shí)很令人討厭。(2) 從時(shí)間關(guān)系看，對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r作推測，后接動(dòng)詞原形； 對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況作推測， 后接 be doing 結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)過去情況作推測， 后接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：He could have gone home. 他可能已經(jīng)回家了。He can ' t c

3、ouldn ' t have understc他d不可能理解了。Why does he know this? Can Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道 ? 會(huì)是哪個(gè)人告訴他了嗎 ?(3) “ coul完成式”除表示對(duì)過去的推測外，還有以下重要用法： 表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，常譯為 “本來可以 ”。如：I could have lent you the money . Why didn ' t you ask me?我本 來可以借這筆錢給你的。你為什么不向我提出 ? 用來委婉地責(zé)備某人過去應(yīng)該做某事而沒有去做，常譯為 “本

4、來應(yīng)該 ”。如：You could have helped him. 你本來應(yīng)該幫助他的。 表示 “差點(diǎn)兒就要 ”。如：I could have died laughing. 我差點(diǎn)兒笑死了。2. may / might 用于表推測的用法表示推測， 兩者都可用， 只是 might 比 may 語氣更不確定， 表 示的可能性更小。(1) 在句型使用方面：兩者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑 問句時(shí)， may 通常不用于句首， 但可用于疑問句的句中 (如特殊疑問 句等)，而 might 盡管可以用于疑問句的句首，但不算普通，通常會(huì) 改用其他句式(如用 could 等)。如：He may might

5、 know the answer. 他可能知道答案。He may might not believe you. 他可能不會(huì)相信你。And who may might she be? 那么她會(huì)是哪一位呢？(2) 從時(shí)間關(guān)系看，對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r作推測，后接動(dòng)詞原形； 對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況作推測， 后接 be doing 結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)過去情況作推測， 后接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：He may might tell his wife. 他也許會(huì)告訴他妻子。He may might be writing a letter. 他可能在寫信。She may might have read it in the papers.

6、她可能在報(bào)上已讀到過此事。(3) “migh完成式”除表示對(duì)過去的推測外，還有以下重要用法： 表示過去某事可能發(fā)生而實(shí)際上卻并沒發(fā)生。如：It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的 是太危險(xiǎn)了，我差點(diǎn)沒命了。A lot of men died who might have been saved 很多人本來可以 獲救的卻死了。 表示委婉的批評(píng)或責(zé)備。如：You might have made greater progress. 你的進(jìn)步本來可更大You might at least have answered my

7、letter.你至少可以回我一封信嘛。3. must 表示推測的用法must 表示很有把握的推測，其意為 “一定會(huì) ”肯“定會(huì) ”，只用于肯 定句，一般不用于否定句或疑問句。 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來的情況作推測， 后接動(dòng)詞原形；表示對(duì)過去情況的推測，接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福 的女人了。No, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒謊He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定誤會(huì)了我的意思。4. should have done 的用法should have done

8、 只用于談?wù)撨^去情況，主要有兩個(gè)用法：一是 用于推測過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況， 二是用于指本該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生 的情況。如：You should have told me so before. 你早就應(yīng)該告訴我。He should have arrived by now. 此時(shí)他本該到了。Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么時(shí)候了 ! 十分鐘前我們就該到戲院了。5. need have done 的用法need have done 結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于否定句或疑問句， 一般不用于肯定句。用于否定

9、句時(shí)，表示本來不必做某事，但實(shí)際上卻做了；用于疑 問句時(shí)，用于詢問某一過去動(dòng)作的必要性。如：You needn ' t have hurried. 你當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)在不必那么匆忙。She needn ' t have come in personaletter would have beenenough. 她本不必親自來 寫封信來就足夠了。Need you have paid so much? 你當(dāng)時(shí)真須要付那么多錢嗎 ?Need they have sold the farm? 他們那時(shí)非得把農(nóng)場賣掉不可 嗎?歷屆 NMET 中表推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)

10、和難點(diǎn)， 也是高考的重點(diǎn) 考察內(nèi)容之一。其中表示推測用法的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在近幾年的高考中更是 屢見不鮮。 現(xiàn)結(jié)合近幾年的高考題目， 對(duì)表推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法作 一歸納，希望對(duì)各位考生會(huì)有所幫助：【考例】 1. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter go and do the opposite!A. may B. can C. must D. should(2003 年普通高等學(xué)校春季招生統(tǒng)一招生考試英語試題(安徽卷) ) 【分析】 Can,may,must 都可用來表示 ”推測 ”，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同：May 常用來指 ”事實(shí)上的可能性

11、 ”，而 can 則表示一種 ”理論上的可能 性”例如：The railways may be improved.=It is possible that the railways will be improved. =Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly the railways will be improved. 鐵路可能會(huì)得到改進(jìn)。（意味著已有具體的改進(jìn)計(jì)劃或方案。） The railways can be improved.=It is possible for the railways to be improved.鐵路可以得到改進(jìn)。（意思是鐵路還不完善，尚有問題存在。） 理

12、論上的可能性 （can） 比事實(shí)上的可能性 （may） 更弱。 在一般的陳述句， can 與 sometimes 幾乎相同，表示一種偶然的可 能性。比如：Even expert drivers can make mistakes. 甚至是很熟練的駕駛員 也可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。=Even expert drivers sometimes make mistakes.=It is possible for the expert drivers to make mistakes. 因此，如果講的是一種特殊情況， 不是一般情況， 就用 may, 試比較： Mr Reed looks pale.He may b

13、e ill.Mr Reed is in poor health.He can be ill at any time.Must 指邏輯必然 ,作“想必”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“一定 ”解，用來表示我們對(duì)某 事有把握的推論或揣測。 （考慮到跡象如此， 再無別的結(jié)論 =It seemscerta in that).：They must be very tired now, for they have been working the whole morning. 他們現(xiàn)在一定是非常累了，因?yàn)樗麄冋麄€(gè)上午都在工作。 析：填 C.must 。意思是 ”不出所料，當(dāng)我告訴女兒要做的事時(shí)，她 準(zhǔn)會(huì)去做相反的事。 ”【

14、考例】 1、 Mary _ be in Paris.I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.(NMET1994)A. mustn' t B.shouldn 't C.can 'tD.may not2、.-Is John coming by train? (NMET 2002 Tianjing )-He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.A must B.can C.need D.may【分析】 May 用于否定時(shí)， not 不是否定 may ，而是否定句中的動(dòng) 詞，這一點(diǎn)與

15、 can 不同，試比較：He may not know the truth. 他可能不知道事情的真相。( =It is possible that he didn' t know the truth).He cannot know the truth. 他不可能知道事情的真相。 must 表示推測的這種用法通常用在肯定句中，在疑問句中常用can(可能)，在否定句中常用can'蝦可能，不會(huì)是)，而不用mustn '。 例如：- Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be ? It must be Wang Hong.-

16、No, It can ' bte Wang Hong, because she left for Shanghaithis morning.-有人在敲門。會(huì)是誰呢？一定是王紅 -不，不會(huì)是王紅，因?yàn)樗裉煸绯烤蛣?dòng)身去上海了。因而 You must be joking. 在意義上相當(dāng)于 You can't be serious.析：1、填C。意思是”瑪麗不可能在巴黎。幾分鐘前我還看見她在鎮(zhèn) 上。2、填D。意思是”-約翰會(huì)坐火車來嗎？-應(yīng)該會(huì)，但他可能不 會(huì)。他喜歡開車。 ”【考例】 1.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last

17、 winter. (NMET 2002Beijing )-It _ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.won't be C.couldn't beD.mustn't be【分析】 Could,might 表示過去的可能性。I thought it might be true. 我本認(rèn)為那是真的。He could be very unreasonable. 他有時(shí)可能毫不講理。析：填C。它是對(duì)去年冬天所發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)?！究祭?1.-Are you coming to Jeff's p

18、arty? (NMET 2000)-I 'm not sure.Igo to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might2.-Look!The clouds are gathering.-Yes.I'm afraid it be pouring down soon.A,can B,must C,should D,might分析】 could 和 might 表示現(xiàn)在的情況時(shí)，更帶有不肯定性和慎重味道，構(gòu)成禮貌或婉轉(zhuǎn)說法，包含或許的意思：A:I wonder where Tom is. B:He may/might/co

19、uld be in the library.（Perhaps he is in the library.）因 此 在 wonder, fear,be afraid 等 后 接 的 從 句 中 , 通 常 用 may/might/could, 表達(dá)一種探詢的觀點(diǎn)：I was afraid you might be out of sorts. 我怕你可能心情不痛快。 假設(shè)性的可能和試探性的可能，也用 could 和 might ：Our team might still win the race.（ 可 以 意 譯 為 ： It ispossible ,though unlikely,that）析

20、： 1、 2 均填 D.might【考例】 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How itbe that he was late for the opening ceremony?A canBshouldCmayDmust（2001 年上海普通高校春季招生考試試卷 ）【分析】表示推測的 may 通常不用于一般疑問句， 而要用 can 代替。 Can 用于一般疑問句時(shí)，還可表示驚訝或懷疑，意思是 ”（到底）可 能有這樣的事嗎？ ”，比如：“There is the doorbell.” Who can it be at this time of day?有人

21、按門鈴。 ”這個(gè)時(shí)候到底會(huì)是誰呢？ ”Must 也偶爾用于疑問句： Must there be some good reason for the delay? 這個(gè)問句設(shè)想的是一個(gè)肯定的回答，可以解釋為 ” Does there have to be some good reason may可用于特殊疑問句或 wh-從句，意思是”（到底）是”、”不知 是否”：I wonder what it may mean. 我不知道這究竟是什么意思。How old may his father be? 他父親到底有多大年紀(jì)？ （比 How old is his father? 委婉的說法。）析：填 1、

22、A.can. （布什先生做什么事都很按時(shí)。他怎么可能會(huì)在開 幕式上遲到呢？）【考例】 1. Sorry I'm late. I have turned off the alarmclock and gone back to sleep again.（ 2000 年普通高等學(xué)校春季 招生考試 （北京、安徽卷 ）A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will2. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It _ a comfortable journey. （N

23、MET95）A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have beenD.couldn't have been【分析】 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have + -ed 分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情 進(jìn)行推測 , 就表示的可能性程度而言， must 最大， could 其次， may 更次之， might 最小。must + have + -ed 分詞: 用于肯定句 , 表示推測過去某事 “肯定,一 定，準(zhǔn)是 ”發(fā)生了。 其否定形式為： can't / couldn 't hav-eedv, 表 示過去不可能發(fā)生某事。 may

24、(might) + have + -ed 分詞 : 用于肯 定句和其他否定句 , 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生事情的不肯定的推測 , 意為 “可能, 大概”，其中might較may語氣更弱，把握更小。Can/could用于否 定或疑問句中 ,表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事件的 “懷疑或不肯定 ”。 could 比 can 更表示說話人語氣的不肯定。例如：I mailed that letter a week ago. He must have received it. 我一周 前就發(fā)出了那封信 , 想必他一定收到了。I can 't find my keys. I may / might have left th

25、em at t he school yesterday.Jack can't have arrived yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上海 1997 )It couldn't have been Mr. Smith. He has gone to China. 不太可能 是史密斯先生。他已去了中國。另外，注意 may 不可用于疑問句，它的這種功能已為 can 所取代。 例如 Can they have missed the bus? 的答句是： Yes,they may have done. 而不是 Yes,they c

26、an have done. 這一點(diǎn)要注意。Must 偶爾也能用于否定句： His absence must not have been noticed. 此句和 His absence can 't have been noticed. 的意思是一 樣的。許多評(píng)論者認(rèn)為這類句子是不可能成立的， 但它們正在為越我 來越多的人所接受和使用，在美國英語中尤其如此。 對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測， 則采用 ”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)， 其中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別與上相同。析：答案A、D。can通常不用于肯定句表猜測；” should+have+ -ed 分詞”表示”過去本來應(yīng)該做 ”，但實(shí)際上

27、沒有做，意思是 ”本 該.” 帶有責(zé)備口氣 ：l was really anxious about you.You shouldn ' t haveleft withouta word.(NMET2001) ; ” will+have+ -ed分詞”只是將來完成時(shí)的一種形式。【考例】1t's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at anymome nt. (NMET95)A.mustB.n eedC.shouldD.ca n【分析】should(ought to)表示很可能、預(yù)期的意思，指一種嘗試性 推論，可認(rèn)為是must的語氣較弱的

28、對(duì)應(yīng)詞，意思是”應(yīng)該會(huì)、一定。 吧”。試比較：Our guests must be home by no w.(I am certa in 我們的客人現(xiàn)在一定到家了。(根據(jù)他們動(dòng)身的時(shí)間、路程遠(yuǎn)近、速度等具體條件， 我能斷定/肯定他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到家了。)Our guests should(ought to) be home by no w.( They probablyare,but I ' m not certain我們的客人現(xiàn)在該到家了。(含義是我想他 們很可能到家了，但我不能肯定”)與must不同還在于它常常表示將來：-When can I come for the photos?

29、I need them tomorrow after noon.-Theybe ready by 12:00. (NMET1998) A.can B.shouldC.might D.need表示不太可能可用 shoul dn't(oughtn 't to):There shouldn ' t(oughtn 'tot) be any difficulties. 不該有任何困難。析：填C。意思是”將近七點(diǎn)了。杰克很可能隨時(shí)會(huì)到?！?另外， 在近幾年的NMET中，對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其它語法項(xiàng)目的考查均放到一定 的語境中進(jìn)行，要求考生利用所學(xué)英語各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行初步的語言 運(yùn)

30、用，而不再是單純的語法知識(shí)題和短語題。 這類試題往往通過題干 的其他部分或附加句子提供某個(gè)信息， 然后讓考生根據(jù)這個(gè)信息進(jìn)行 合理推理，產(chǎn)生新的想法和認(rèn)識(shí)。因此，在做這類題時(shí)，除要熟悉所 考查的語法規(guī)則外， 還要認(rèn)真分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)， 注意抓住關(guān)鍵詞， 分 析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。不能單憑語法規(guī)則做題。鞏固練習(xí)1.Michael _ be a policeman,for he's much too short.A.need't B.can't C.should D.may2.Johnny,you _ play with the knife.You _hurt youself.

31、 A.won't,can'tB. mustn't,may C.shouldn't,must D.cant't,shouldn't3.Peter _ B. may C.will D.must 4.Put on more clothes.You _ be taken feeling coldwith only a shirt on. A.must B.can C.could D.would 5.It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack _ be here at any moment.A.must B.need C.

32、should D.can6.I didn't hear the phone.I _ asleep.A.must be B.must have beenC. should be D.should have been7.Jack _ yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.A.mustn't have arrived B.shouldn't have arrived C.can't have arrived D.need not have arrived8.-there were already five people i

33、n the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey.A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have been D.couldn't have been 9.He _you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might give C.may have givenD. may give10. Yesterday Jane waooked away fr

34、om the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something the would regret later. A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said11. There was plenty of time.She _.A.mustn't have hurried B.needn't have hurried C.should have written it out D.couldn't have hurried12. Tom ought not to _ me your secret,bu

35、t be meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.haven't told13.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I _ for her. A.had to wirte it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out14.If you had worked harder,you _. A.would succeed B.had succeededC. sh

36、ould succeed D.would have succeeded15.-If he _,he _that food. -luckily he wsa sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned;would not take B.had been warrned;had not taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken16.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh,did you?Yo

37、u _ with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed17.Sorry I'm late.I _ have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again. A.might B.should C.can D.will18.-Shall I tell John about it? -No you _.I've told him already. A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn&#

38、39;t D.shouldn't19.The new airoprt _ if they had not stopped working on it. A.would complete B.had been completed C.had completed D.would have been completed20.I didn't see her in the meeting-room this morning.She _ at the meeting. A.mustn't have spoken B.shouldn't have spoken C.need

39、n't have spoken D.couldn't have spoken21.That young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A.could B.must C.would D.should 22.Susan _ written a report like this. A.can have B.mustn't have D.can't have D.ought to not have23.There wasd a lot of

40、 fun at yesterday's party.You _ come,but why didn't you? A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have 答案及 難點(diǎn)解析1.B 2.B must n't表示 禁止” may表示 不可能” 3.B can表 示“理論上的可能、普遍性的可能、當(dāng)然的可能，并非說話人主觀認(rèn) 為可能，即并非猜測”故不可選A。4.A 5.C at any moment/minute 意為 “隨時(shí)，馬上 ”。6.B 由句中的時(shí)態(tài)可知是在對(duì)過去的事件進(jìn)行推測，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have dona 7

41、.C由otherwise 一句可知說話人 對(duì)Jack沒有來持確定的態(tài)度。除所給答案外，A也正確。8.D與7題相似，C也是正確的，意為 肯定不舒服” 9.A may不可表示過去 的事。 10.D 11.B 表示“當(dāng)時(shí)本沒必要那么匆忙 ”。12.A 13.C 14.D15.B 16.A 二人相遇的可能性不大。對(duì)過去情況的虛擬假設(shè)，注意要 用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。據(jù)常識(shí)可知是在對(duì)過去的事進(jìn)行推測。 23.D非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂 語動(dòng) 詞相對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間意義例句一般 式不 定式說明行為在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的行為之后，多數(shù) 是那些表愿望的詞：want; hope; expect; wish 等。I want to go h

42、ome.I hope to see you.說明行為與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的行為同時(shí)發(fā)生，多 數(shù)是那些省略不定式符號(hào)的詞，一般是復(fù)合賓 語。I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry thin gs.一般 式動(dòng) 名詞表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)出。We enjoyed see ing the film.I am thinking of tak ing over the job.在動(dòng)詞 insist on; rely on; count on（相信）等后表示動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā) 生。He in sisted on doing that work在

43、有些明確表示時(shí)間先后的動(dòng)詞和介詞on;upon after代替完成動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語 動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。I remember see ing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.一般 式分 詞現(xiàn) 在 分 詞持續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語 動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。He stood there speak ing.Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.終止性 動(dòng)詞說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之后， 句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作立刻發(fā) 生。Enterin

44、g the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office.過 去 分 詞持續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞通常說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作，此句 中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.I can't find my lost pen.說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語 動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作并無先后。He is a pers on well-k nown in this coun try.代替完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語 態(tài)。Educate

45、d by the party, he became a brave fighter.完成 式不 定式說明行為動(dòng)詞在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的行為動(dòng)詞之前 發(fā)生。rm sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here. He is thought to have done it.He is believed to have done it. He seemed to have known it.在 wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)后，說明行為動(dòng)詞沒有 實(shí)現(xiàn)。We wished to

46、have done this.I expected to have left by the n.(=I had expected to heave by the n.)完成 式動(dòng) 名詞說明動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作，此句中動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng) 作先發(fā)生。We regret hav ing told you the n ews. After hav ing fini shed his work, he went home.He denied hav ing broke the glasses.完成說明分詞表示的動(dòng)作，此句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的Having fini shed his work, he went home

47、.式分詞Sitting down with him, we begun to discussit.Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.非謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的意義非謂語 動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句不定式表示被動(dòng)的意義The meeti ng is to be held n ext week. He wan ted to be sent to the hard area.有時(shí)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意義，同被動(dòng)沒什么區(qū) 別，具有“應(yīng)該”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主 語的承受者，但有時(shí)作某些形容詞的賓語，女口：ni ce, easy, har

48、d, difficult, fit, suitable,good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。The box is not strong eno ugh to sta nd this.It's too small to see.There is a lot of work to doThe house is to let at low rent.I am not to blame.Houses are still to seek.Much rema ins to do.The text is hard to lear n.動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)的意義He in si

49、sted on being sent to the hard area.在動(dòng)詞need, require等的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和形容詞worth后，表示被動(dòng)的意義My watch n eeds repairi ng.The book is worth readi ng.分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示被動(dòng)的意義The building being built is a school.Not hav ing bee n told, he did n't know where to start.過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意義Heated, the metal expa nds.2. 一般現(xiàn)在分詞，完成的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞表

50、示被動(dòng)意義的區(qū)別非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句般式現(xiàn)在分詞含有具體的意義，說明和句中謂語動(dòng)詞表 示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞The pers on being criticized is our mon itor.元成式分詞表示動(dòng)作狀態(tài)比句中謂語動(dòng)作先發(fā)生， 一 般是瞬間動(dòng)詞Not hav ing bee n told about it, I don't know how to do it.過去分詞具有一船的意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)，說明比句中 謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，有時(shí)同完成 式的被動(dòng)詞態(tài)可互換。Give n more time,（二Hav ing bee n given） I can d

51、o it much better.三非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法作用1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法作用一覽表非謂語動(dòng)詞句子成分不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞主語VV賓語直接賓語VV短語動(dòng)詞賓語VV賓語補(bǔ)語VVV介詞賓語V形容詞賓語VV表語VVV定語VVV狀語VV同謂語VV插入語VV2.非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語非謂語動(dòng) 詞意義和用法例句不定式動(dòng)詞不定式表示比較具體的意義， 經(jīng)常和特定的動(dòng)作和執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系 起來，經(jīng)常帶時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語，有 時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。To master a foreig n Ian guage is no easy job. To do it well is my earn est desireTo see this

52、 film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the questi on動(dòng) 詞不定式（短語）作主語時(shí)，常見 的另一種形式是在句首用先行代 詞it作形式主語，而將動(dòng)詞不定 式（短語）移到謂語之后作真正主 語。用于這種形式是一些特定形容 詞，動(dòng)詞和名詞1）形容詞作表語（常見的形容詞有：importa nt,difficult, easy hard possible）It is foolish to act in this way.It sounds reas on able to do it this way.It appears l

53、ikely for them to arrive.2）動(dòng)詞作謂語（常見的動(dòng)詞有：require, cost, amuse delight, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say like that.It did n't occur to me to ask him to help me.3）名詞作表語It seems a pity to

54、waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way.動(dòng)名詞表求比較抽象（一般）和 經(jīng)常性的意義，有時(shí)可同不定式互 換Collect ing stamps is a good hobby. Swimmi ng is a best sport in summer. There is no telli ng what will happe n. There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞短語作

55、主語時(shí)，常見的另一 種形式是在句首用先行代詞it作 形式主語面將動(dòng)名詞短語移至謂 語之后作真實(shí)主語。用于這種形式 是一些特定形容詞和名詞1）形容詞作表語（常見的形容詞有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile）It is nice talk ing to you.It's foolish behaving like that.It is useless doing that2）名詞作表語It's waste of time doing this.It's no good （use）doing that.It's an awful jo

56、b doing this.It's fun doing thisIt is not an easy task doing this work.3.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語成分非謂語動(dòng)詞意義和用法例句直 接 賓 語不定式不定式的邏輯主語一 般同謂語動(dòng)詞的主語 一致I want to read a no vel.用于該形式的常見的動(dòng)詞有：afford, agree, aim, apply, arran ge, ask, choose, claim, decide, decli ne, dema nd, desire, determ ine, expect, hope, lear n, man ag

57、e, offer, prete nd, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threate n, wish.有時(shí)兵語省略不疋式符號(hào)（常見的有：let fall, letpass, let go, let slip, 'd better, 'd rather, 'd soon.He made believe he was correct.動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作 賓語時(shí)，如其后有補(bǔ)足 語，則可以用先行語 it作形式賓語，而將 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）后 移作直接賓語He found it n ecessary to work hard at En glish. 用于該形式的常見的動(dòng)詞有：ack no wledge, believe, con sider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fan cy, feel, find, guess, imagi ne, udge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(th in k), un