外文翻譯---車載無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

1、江漢大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯原文來源 Wireless sensor network monitoring system design 中文譯文 車載無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 姓 名 李俊杰 學(xué) 號(hào) 202107202141 2012年 1月 15 日 Wireless sensor network monitoring system designKang yi-mei,Zhao lei,Hu jiang,Yang en-bo(Study on Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)Summary: A car wireless

2、 sensor network monitoring system based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standards. With universal wireless sensor networks, expansion of the scope of monitoring and monitoring functions for in-car system, car data acquisition and condition monitoring of equipment status and the necessary equipment contr

3、ol, topology control, topology query functions.Keywords: wireless sensor networks; monitoring systemIntroductionIn order to satisfy the people to car safety, handling and comfort requirements, vehicle integrated with more and more electronic system .At present, car electronic equipment is widely use

4、d 16 or 32-bit microprocessor control. Creating in-vehicle monitoring system based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standard for wireless sensor networks, designed to achieve a more optimized wireless sensor networks, the progressive realization of the network of automotive systems, intelligent and contr

5、ollable to provide high-Car System security.System designIn this paper, the existing vehicle system, the data transmission mode is extended to the wireless transmission mode, the realization of a star network data acquisition system. And can place each data acquisition node of the acquired data is t

6、ransmitted to the gateway, the gateway through the serial port to upload data to the host computer, in the host data real-time waveform display, and method of database to preserve, for the follow-up data processing. The application of system object is composed of a temperature sensor, pressure senso

7、r, speed sensor, speed sensor, a current sensor, pressure sensor, sensor subsystem. The purpose of this design is to use a monitoring host machine end to the detection of multiple target environment, taking into account the access data throughput and software system complexity, using time-division m

8、ultiplexing way, one by one on the net terminal collecting point of control and data acquisition.As shown in Figure 1, the system is divided into 3 parts: Vehicle Monitoring Center, gateway and mobile sensor node. Gateway is the whole vehicle system core, and all vehicular sensor node communication.

9、 Vehicle monitoring center to the gateway sends a control command by the gateway, the control command is converted to an RF signal and sent to the vehicle sensor node. When the vehicle sensor nodes to transmit data, gateway into the data reception state, and upload data to the monitoring center for

10、further processing. In addition, car between sensor nodes cannot communicate with each other. The monitoring center of the monitoring software and gateway in RS232standard interface for communication.Vehicle sensor node life cycle is active and dormant periods. Nodes in the active phase of the compl

11、etion of data acquisition, data sent to the gateway, receiving and executing gateway command; in the dormant period off the wireless RF module in order to save energy, until the next active period. System through this mechanism of dormancy to reduce energy consumption, extend the time span of the sy

12、stem as a whole.The system used PC as the control center, PC machine monitoring software in VB development environment, is a dialog based application software. In order to improve the communication module of the intelligent level, in the design, its function is not limited to the real-time data disp

13、lay, all of the data collection by the monitoring software by sending a request signal to the trigger. Considering the original data for subsequent processing and in-depth analysis of the vehicle system, can accurately judge, software has also added data preservation of the document and data file di

14、splay function.Generally speaking, the whole network are controlled by the host monitoring software, the working process of every node of the network is the need of human participation.2 hardware system design2.1application chip introduction 2.480 GHz, data transmission rate of 250kbps, using 0-QPSK

15、 debugging mode. This feature-rich two-way 2.4GHz transceiver with a data modem which can be in the ZigBee technology application. It also has an optimized digital core, helps to reduce the MCU processing power, shorten the cycle of execution.The main control MCU choose HCS08series of low power, hig

16、h performance microprocessor MC9S08GB60. The processor has a 60Application of KB programmable Flash、4 KB RAM,10 ADC,8 channel2 asynchronous serial communication interface ( SCI ),1 synchronous serial interface ( SPI ) and I2C bus module, can fully meet the requirement of vehicle gateway and node pro

17、cessor requirements.2.2 MCl3192and MC9S08GB60hardware connectionMC13192and MC9S08GB60 hardware connection diagram as shown in figure 2. The MC13192control and data transmission on 4 wire serial peripheral interface ( SPI ) is completed, the4interface signals were MOS-I, MISO, SPICLK. The main contro

18、l MCU through the control signal exiting sleep mode or hibernation mode, through to reset the transceiver, through the RXTXEN to control the data sending and receiving, or force the transceiver into idle mode. The sensor output analog signal through MCU 8 Channel10 bit ADC conversion input to MCU. M

19、CU via SPI MC13192to read and write operation, and the sensor to collect the signal processed by MC13192launch out. The MC13192 interrupt IRQ interrupt register through the pins and to judge the type of interrupt. MC908GB60 pin to control the MC13192 into a different mode of operation .Control of th

20、e sensor signal from the MC13192receiving antenna in, transmitted via SPI to MCU, after MCU judgment after processing through the GPIO port is transmitted to the sensor, complete control of the sensor. At the same time, MCU MC13192transceiver control and the MAC layer operation.The 3system software

21、design3.1of overall software designThe software design is the design of the core, the key lies in the overall framework of software and data structure design. An important factor to consider is a efficiency, another is to design the clarity.System software consists of the gateway node and the sensor

22、 node is composed of two parts, the two parts are needed to complete the SMAC protocol transplantation, and according to the different needs for the upper communication applications with API interface function. Because the SMAC protocol stack programming model using hierarchical design, only the und

23、erlying PHY and MAC program level and related hardware, and network layer and application layer procedures is not affected by hardware effects. SMAC in different hardware platform transplantation only need to modify the PHY and MAC layer, each layer can shield the hardware differences directly run.A

24、s shown in Figure 3, the design of the software for system platform layer, protocol layer and application layer 3layer. At the same time, defines 3API interface: system layer interface, protocol layer and application layer interface. System level interface defines a hardware register mapping, so C l

25、anguage to be able to directly access the hardware registers to control hardware. System platform based on real-time operating system C/II protocol layer, to provide system services Hardware driving module provides the hardware driver, all of the hardware control through the module to provide servic

26、es. Platform layer protocol layer interface protocol layer to provide services. Protocol layer is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and link layer based on the ZigBee network layer protocol. Application layer through the application layer interface to invoke services provided by the protocol

27、 layer, network management and data transfer tasks. Application of configuration module can call protocol layer to provide network services, will direct the system configuration and query, it is mainly through the AT commands to achieve, so the module calls the application layer interface and protoc

28、ol layer interface to provide services.3.2sensor node software designBased on the long-term use of the functional requirements, sensor nodes in the software design is the key to achieve the required functions, and can minimize the energy consumption of the sensor nodes.It was found, ZigBee module an

29、d the energy consumption is much larger than the central processor and the energy consumption of sensor module. Therefore, the sensor node design of application software to try to make each module in a dormant state, and minimizing wakes ZigBee module number. Therefore, the sensor nodes, power of ea

30、ch functional module initialization is completed, and joined the network, enter the Sleep state, the central processor cycles to be timed wake-up to send data to the gateway, and receives the gateway command. Sensor nodes of the workflow are shown in Figure 4.The 3.3 gateway node software designGate

31、way downward management sensor node, to complete and PC monitoring center of interaction, the need for a complicated task management and scheduling, therefore, based on the uC / OS kernel of embedded operating system to manage the gateway, the application task efficiently provide good software suppo

32、rt. According to gateway function demand, the C / OS-II, SMAC protocol organic union, form a network operating environment, the user can conveniently on the basis of its development and application. Based on C / OS-II extended gateway software platform structure is shown in figure 5. Based on C / OS

33、-II operating system, were used to build the system task SYS_task ( ), START_task ( SMAC star network task ), gateway and a sensor node interaction task COMM_task ( ), PC monitoring center port monitoring mission ( SER_task ) applications such as a series of tasks, thus realizing the gateway softwar

34、e application function.The 3.4 host monitoring software designThis system is the ultimate goal of the collected vehicle sensor data is transmitted in real-time to the host, and the host of display and preservation. Display is designed to get on-board sensor node monitoring environment of the initial

35、 situation, preservation is designed as an in-depth analysis of the data samples. In addition, the system as a whole the main prosecution and the data acquisition request initiator, need to be able to send the data request signal in accordance with the requirements of. According to the above require

36、ments, VB environment in the development of a dialog based application. This application includes a 4 module:data waveform display module. The role of the module is a form of waveform data of the node to be displayed in real-time, it is the use of MS Chart and Timer control.topology display module.

37、When the user wants to know the wireless sensor network topology construction situation, you can view the topological information, understanding of network nodes join and loss.The historical data display module. In vehicle network system to a certain period of the past, may need a certain period of

38、time the original data for subsequent processing and in-depth analysis, so that the vehicle system of accurate judgement. With the aid of historical data display module, the control center from the gateway of the data obtained, according to the different attributes of the nodes, address and time are

39、 saved to the database of the corresponding field, and may be will displayed by waveform of historical data, for the user analysis.The controlling module :In vehicle during system operation may be concerned about a vehicle sensor value node, or to a sensor threshold settings, for monitoring environm

40、ental exceptions can be promptly reported to the system. These are available through the control module of the system are corresponding to the set, the control module can also be on the system in which one does not need to delete the node.In short, through the host monitoring software users can visu

41、ally and many aspects of general wireless sensor network systems to understand and use.4 test and verification testingTesting equipment:4 MCl3192ZigBee chip node,1as a gateway node, the remaining 3as sensor nodes.Test method: the gateway node power,4 LED and light, scanning channel if the search to

42、the idle channel, the LED goes out and join the free channel for. The sensor node power,4 LED scanning in the channel at the same time, polling light. LED1 flashes once when the sensor nodes receive the allocation address of the gateway node, So far, networking process and address binding process is

43、 complete. Zigbee RF communication testTesting equipment: ZigBee node 4, a computer terminal stationTest method: according to the ZigBee transmission frame format, the actual transmission total bytes for ( n 6), namely ( n 6) bytes for a data packet. According to the set parameters of the software,

44、such as packet loss is the loss number plus 1. If the received data packet, receives the data packet number plus 1, and then sends the data were compared with data, if the data is correct, the number of packets plus 1, and error packets number plus 1. The last statistic results, can know the data pa

45、cket loss and packet error rate. The 4 node to form a ZigBee network,1 of them as the gateway, the remaining 3 nodes for sensor node. Write a program to set:3nodes and gateway communications, computer terminal and the gateway is connected through RS232, terminal equipment software records from the 3

46、node to receive data, nodes work at 2.4 GHz frequencies, transmission of a byte of data, circular send 100 times. To obtain the final3 node test average as a result of the data analysis. Star network radio frequency communication BER test results as shown in table 1.Experimental analysis of: in a st

47、ar network for data transmission, the test results significantly worse on a single point to single point transmission mode. This is mainly because, in the transmission process node must exist between the frequency interference and other interference.4.3power testSystem status and hibernation, respec

48、tively, using a multimeter to test the gateway node and the power consumption of sensor nodes, the test results listed in Table 2.ConclusionThis paper analyzes the IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protocol, combined with the general development principles of communication systems and embedded systems, IEEE8

49、02.15.4 protocol on the C / OS-II operating system, select the appropriate hardware and software platform, focusing on software support for the platform, the software design of the overall structure of the communication protocol stack, and ultimately to achieve a compliant with the ZigBee specificat

50、ion car star wireless data acquisition network. The system has the following advantages: system easy to install. Wireless interconnection makes the equipment installation location is flexible to meet the requirements of the automation system is installed. It is simply that the power can take equipme

51、nt. The network system can automatically complete the network configuration. scalability. Equipment within the coverage of the vehicle gateway, turn on the device, the node will automatically join the network. network self-healing ability. If the network is a device fails, the vehicle gateway can au

52、tomatically monitor, issue the command the device reset and re-network.車載無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)康一梅，趙 磊，胡 江，楊恩博 就讀于北京航天航空大學(xué)摘要：基于IEEE 802154和ZigBee標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)車載無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。借助通用無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，為車載系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展了監(jiān)控范圍和監(jiān)控功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)了車載設(shè)備狀態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)采集和狀態(tài)監(jiān)視，以及必要的設(shè)備控制、拓?fù)淇刂?、拓?fù)洳樵兊裙δ堋ｊP(guān)鍵詞：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)；監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)；MC9S08GB60；MC13192引言為了滿足人們對(duì)車載平安性、操控性以及舒適性的要求，車載上集成了越來

53、越多的電子系統(tǒng)。目前，汽車電子設(shè)備廣泛采用16位或32位微處理器進(jìn)行控制。本文基于IEEE 802154和ZigBee標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建車載監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)更加優(yōu)化的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)車載系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化和可控性，以提，高車載系統(tǒng)的平安性。1 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案 本文在現(xiàn)有的車載系統(tǒng)上，將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)姆绞綌U(kuò)展為無線傳輸方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)星型網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。并能分別將各個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)采集節(jié)點(diǎn)的所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)骄W(wǎng)關(guān)，網(wǎng)關(guān)通過串口將數(shù)據(jù)上傳到主機(jī)上，在主機(jī)中實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)波形顯示，并以數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的方式加以保存，供后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)處理。該采集系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用對(duì)象由溫度傳感器、油壓傳感器、轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器、速度傳感器、電流

54、傳感器、壓力傳感器等傳感器子系統(tǒng)所組成。這樣設(shè)計(jì)的目的是用一個(gè)監(jiān)控主機(jī)端來檢測(cè)多個(gè)待測(cè)目標(biāo)環(huán)境，考慮到接入的數(shù)據(jù)吞吐量和軟件系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜程度，采用時(shí)分復(fù)用的方式，逐個(gè)對(duì)網(wǎng)內(nèi)的終端采集點(diǎn)進(jìn)行控制采集。 如圖1所示，該車載系統(tǒng)分3個(gè)局部：車載監(jiān)控中心、車載網(wǎng)關(guān)和車載傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)。車載網(wǎng)關(guān)是整個(gè)車載系統(tǒng)的核心，可以和所有的車載傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)通信。車載監(jiān)控中心可以向車載網(wǎng)關(guān)發(fā)出控制命令，由車載網(wǎng)關(guān)將控制命令轉(zhuǎn)換為射頻信號(hào)后發(fā)送給車載傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)。當(dāng)車載傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，車載網(wǎng)關(guān)進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)接收狀態(tài)，并將數(shù)據(jù)上傳到車載監(jiān)控中心作進(jìn)一步處理。此外，車載傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)之間不能互相通信。監(jiān)控中心的監(jiān)控軟件與車載網(wǎng)關(guān)之間以R

55、S232的接口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行通信。圖1 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)總體圖車載傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的生命周期由活潑期和休眠期構(gòu)成。節(jié)點(diǎn)在活潑期完成數(shù)據(jù)采集，向網(wǎng)關(guān)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)，接收并執(zhí)行網(wǎng)關(guān)命令；在休眠期關(guān)閉無線射頻模塊以節(jié)省能量，直到下一個(gè)活潑期來臨。系統(tǒng)通過這種休眠機(jī)制來減少系統(tǒng)的能量消耗，延長(zhǎng)系統(tǒng)整體壽命。 本系統(tǒng)用PC機(jī)作為監(jiān)控中心，PC機(jī)上的監(jiān)控軟件在VB環(huán)境下開發(fā)，是一個(gè)基于對(duì)話框的應(yīng)用軟件。為了提高通信傳輸模塊的智能化水平，在設(shè)計(jì)中，它的功能不限于數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)顯示，所有的數(shù)據(jù)采集由監(jiān)控軟件通過發(fā)送請(qǐng)求信號(hào)的方式觸發(fā)?？紤]到原始數(shù)據(jù)需要進(jìn)行后續(xù)的處理與深入的分析，才能對(duì)車載系統(tǒng)的狀況進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的判定，軟件中還添加了數(shù)據(jù)文件形

56、式的保存與數(shù)據(jù)文件回顯功能。 總體上來講，整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的所有節(jié)點(diǎn)都受控于主機(jī)監(jiān)控軟件，工作過程中網(wǎng)絡(luò)的每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都不需要人為的參與。2 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)21 應(yīng)用芯片介紹 Freescale公司的MC13192符合IEEE 802154標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，工作頻率是24052480 GHz，數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率為250kbps，采用0-QPSK調(diào)試方式。這種功能豐富的雙向24 GHz收發(fā)器帶有一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)制解調(diào)器，可以在ZigBee技術(shù)應(yīng)用中使用。它還具有一個(gè)優(yōu)化的數(shù)字核心，有助于降低MCU處理功率，縮短執(zhí)行周期。主控MCU選用Freescale公司HCS08系列的低功耗、高性能微處理器MC9S08GB60。 該處理器具有6

57、0 KB的應(yīng)用可編程Flash、4 KB的RAM、8通道的10位ADC、2個(gè)異步串行通信接口(SCI)、1個(gè)同步串行外部接口(SPI)以及I2C總線模塊，完全能夠滿足車載網(wǎng)關(guān)和節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)處理器的要求。22 MCl3192與MC9S08GB60的硬件連接 MC13192與MC9S08GB60的硬件連接圖如圖2所示。MC13192的控制和數(shù)據(jù)傳送依靠4線串行外設(shè)接口(SPI)完成，其4個(gè)接口信號(hào)分別是MOS-I、MISO、SPICLK。主控MCU通過控制信號(hào)退出睡眠模式或休眠模式，通過來復(fù)位收發(fā)器，通過RXTXEN來控制數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送和接收，或者強(qiáng)制收發(fā)器進(jìn)入空閑模式。由傳感器輸出的模擬信號(hào)經(jīng)過MCU的8

58、通道10位ADC轉(zhuǎn)換后輸入到MCU。MCU通過SPI口進(jìn)行MC13192的讀寫操作，并把傳感器采集的信號(hào)經(jīng)過處理后通過MC13192發(fā)射出去。MC13192的中斷通過IRQ引腳和中斷存放器來判斷中斷類型。MC908GB60通過引腳來控制MC13192進(jìn)入不同的工作模式。對(duì)傳感器的控制信號(hào)可以從MC13192的天線接收進(jìn)來，通過SPI傳送到MCU上，經(jīng)過MCU的判斷處理后通過GPIO口傳送到傳感器上，完成對(duì)傳感器的控制。同時(shí)，MCU完成MC13192收發(fā)控制和所需要的MAC層操作。圖2 MC13192與MC9S08GB60的硬件連接圖 3 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)31 軟件整體設(shè)計(jì) 軟件設(shè)計(jì)是本設(shè)計(jì)的核心，關(guān)鍵在于軟件的總體架構(gòu)和數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。著重要考慮的因素一個(gè)是效率，另一個(gè)是設(shè)計(jì)的清晰性。車載系統(tǒng)軟件由網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點(diǎn)與傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)兩大局部組成，這兩局部都需要完成SMAC協(xié)議的移植，并根據(jù)不同需要為上層通信應(yīng)用提供API接口函數(shù)。因?yàn)镾MAC協(xié)議棧編程模型采用層次設(shè)計(jì)，只有底層的PHY和MAC程序?qū)优c硬件相關(guān)，而網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和應(yīng)用層程序那么不受硬件影響。SMAC在不同硬件平臺(tái)的移植只需修改PHY和MAC層，其上各層可以屏蔽硬件差異直接運(yùn)行。 如