選修8Unit5Meetingyourancestors

1、年 級高二學(xué) 科英語版 本人教新課標(biāo)版課程標(biāo)題選修8 Unit5 Meeting your ancestors -words、phrases and language points編稿老師馮振宇一校林卉二校李秀卿審核劉曉軍一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)本單元的詞匯、短語和句型。能力目標(biāo)：能夠使用這些詞匯、短語及句型進(jìn)行語言表達(dá)，并能夠解答與之相關(guān)的習(xí)題。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：1. 重點(diǎn)：重要單詞alternative, accuracy, interrupt, assume, significance, accelerate, arrest 重要短語regardless of, at most, cu

2、t up, fed up with, look ahead, date back重要句型1) We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 2) It must have been very uncomfortable.3) If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year.2. 難點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動詞+完成式”的意義

3、三、知能提升（一）重點(diǎn)單詞單詞學(xué)習(xí)1. alternative n.選擇對象；（兩者或兩者以上的）選擇【用法】have no alternative but to do sth.：只能做某事；除外別無選擇【例句】We have no alternative but to go on.除了繼續(xù)走下去，我們沒有選擇的余地。 There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.除了爭取戰(zhàn)斗到勝利，別無選擇?！就卣埂縜lternative n.C 可能的選擇，可能性之一。近義詞：choice。adj.選擇性的，二中擇一的v. 交替；

4、輪流alternatively adv.交替地，作為另一種選擇地alternate vt. 使交替；vi.交替；adj. 交替的；輪流的【考題鏈接】In this school, the students have three _courses, and seven _courses.A. required; alternative B. requiring; alternative C. required; alternate D. requiring; alternate答案：A解題思路：考查詞義和詞性。Require（尤指根據(jù)法規(guī)）規(guī)定、需要，此處用過去分詞required修飾cours

5、es是因?yàn)閮烧咧g為被動關(guān)系。后一空的意思為選擇，選其一，作定語，alternative符合句意。2. accuracy n.U精確性，正確度【例句】I doubt the accuracy of your statement. 我懷疑你的話的正確性。He aims at great accuracy.他力求十分準(zhǔn)確。 【拓展】accurate adj. 正確的，精確的inaccurate adj.不準(zhǔn)確的accurately adv.正確地，精確地inaccurately adv.不準(zhǔn)確地【考題鏈接】As his best friend , I can make _ guesses abou

6、t what he will do or think.A. vague B. accurate C. particular D. vain答案：B解題思路：詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意：由于我是他最好的朋友，（故）我能對他的所做所想做出精確的判斷。所以B項(xiàng)符合句意。而vague是“模糊的”意思，particular意為“特別的”，而vain則是“徒勞的”意思。3. interrupt v. 中斷，打擾，打斷，插嘴【例句】Rain interrupted our baseball game.下雨中斷了我們的棒球比賽。The baby interrupted me while I was on the p

7、hone.我在打電話時，嬰兒干擾了我。 It is rude to interrupt.打斷別人的話，是不禮貌的?！癉on't interrupt,” he said. 他說：“別插嘴”?！究碱}鏈接】Traffic in the city was _ by a snowstorm. A. blocking B. hold up C. interrupted D. hold back答案：C解題思路：考查動詞詞義辨析及語態(tài)。雖然block, hold up都可以表示“使停頓”，但是A、B兩項(xiàng)的語態(tài)錯誤。traffic和謂語動作的關(guān)系為被動，只有C項(xiàng)符合。4. assume vt. 假設(shè)，

8、臆斷，猜想【例句】We can't assume anything in this case. 在這種情況下我們不可能做出假設(shè)。【用法】assumption n. 假定，設(shè)想，假裝，就職on the assumption that 假設(shè)assumed adj. 假定的，假裝的，裝的【拓展】assume, suppose, presumeassume“假定，設(shè)想”，用于邏輯推理，強(qiáng)調(diào)一種缺乏證據(jù)的結(jié)論，以檢驗(yàn)?zāi)撤N建議。suppose意為“根據(jù)一定的證據(jù)作出的見解”，最不正式。presume意為“某人以過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)作為依據(jù)，對某事作出合乎邏輯的推測”。【考題鏈接】We must _ him

9、to be innocent until he is proved guilty.A. assume B. suppose C. presumed D. pretend答案：A解題思路：考查動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上面所講幾個詞的區(qū)別，這里用assume符合句意。句意為：直到他被證明有罪之前，我們必須假定他是無辜的。5. significance n.意義，意思；重大意義，重要性【例句】This fact has little significance for us. 這一事實(shí)對我們沒有什么意義。They failed to appreciate significance of the precau

10、tions.他們沒有意識到這些預(yù)防措施的重要性?！就卣埂縮ignificant adj.重要的，重大的，可觀的be of significance= be significant【考題鏈接】The discovery of these tombs is _for scholars studying the history of the Tang Dynasty.A. of very important B. great significantC. of great significance D. greatly importance 答案：C解題思路：這里important與significa

11、nt為同義詞，且都是形容詞，所以A項(xiàng)應(yīng)該將of去掉，而B項(xiàng)應(yīng)該將great改為very。D項(xiàng)需要加介詞of，且將greatly改為great，才符合這一句型結(jié)構(gòu)的要求。6. accelerate vt.&vi. 加速，促進(jìn)【例句】We must take measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth. 我們必須采取措施，加速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那輛汽車一加速就超越了我。【用法】acceleration n. 加速度【考題鏈接】The leader is losin

12、g ground as the rest of the runners _. A. accelerate B. promote C. help D. advance 答案：A解題思路：詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)意為加速，B項(xiàng)意為提升，促進(jìn)，C項(xiàng)意為幫助，D項(xiàng)的意思是促進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意：領(lǐng)先者正失去優(yōu)勢，因?yàn)槠渌x手正在加速，可知選A項(xiàng)。7. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.C逮捕【例句】The criminal was arrested yesterday. 罪犯昨天被捕了。What she did arrested my attention. 她的行為吸引了我的注意力?！居梅ā縝e a

13、rrested for sth. 因某事而被捕arrest one s attention吸引某人的注意under arrest被捕；被拘留【考題鏈接】He was _ for stealing a car.A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged答案：B解題思路：詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)后面的介詞應(yīng)該為of，D項(xiàng)后面的介詞則為with，C項(xiàng)sentence的意思為宣判，在這里不合句意。所以B項(xiàng)“被捕”正確。即學(xué)即練1. There are several_ plans and its up to you to decide which to cho

14、ose.A. alternative B. according C. effective D. positive2. The description was pretty , so the police couldn't figure out the portrait of the criminal.A. vague B. accurate C. correct D. true3. Production at the factory was _for two hours because there was no electricity.A. interrupted B. disturb

15、ed C. missed D. lost4. These days the government has issued several economic policies that will_ prosperity of manufacturing industry.A. accumulate B. accomplish C. access D. accelerate5. Gao Xiaosong was arrested_ drunken driving on his way home in Beijing.A. with B. of C. for D. to（二）重點(diǎn)短語短語學(xué)習(xí)1. re

16、gardless of 不管；不顧【例句】I ll take the job regardless of the pay. 不管報酬多少我都要做這份工作。He says what he thinks, regardless of other people s feelings. 他怎么想就怎么說，不考慮別人的情緒?！就卣埂客x詞、短語：disregarding /in spite of /despite，它們的意義和用法相同，區(qū)別不大?！究碱}鏈接】This special school accepts all disabled students, _ educational level and

17、 background.A. according to B. regardless of C. in addition to D. in terms of答案：B 解題思路：考查介詞短語的用法。according to 根據(jù)；regardless of 不管，不顧；in addition to 另外；in terms of 就而言。根據(jù)句意：這所特殊學(xué)校接收所有的殘疾學(xué)生，不管他們的教育水平和背景如何，可知B項(xiàng)正確。2. at most 最多【例句】The trip will only cost you fifty pounds at most. 這次旅行最多只會花去你50英鎊?！就卣埂縜t

18、least 至少at the latest 最遲at last 最后3. cut up切碎；使傷心，嚴(yán)厲批評【例句】Peter, why dont you cut up vegetables? 彼得，為何不把蔬菜切碎呢？【拓展】由cut 組成的常用短語：cut off切斷；剪掉cut down砍伐；削減cut in打斷cut out剪去，刪去，略去cut into pieces砍成碎片【例句】Don't cut in while I'm talking. 我說話時別插嘴?！究碱}鏈接】When the mother returned, she saw her son _veget

19、ables into pieces.A. cut down B. cut up C. to cut down D.to cut up答案：B解題思路：考查cut 的相關(guān)短語和非謂語動詞的用法。cut down砍伐；削減，cut up切碎，由句意可知用cut up。再由see sb. do sth.句式可知選B。4. fed up with受夠了，厭煩【例句】Im fed up with waiting for her to telephone. 我等她的電話都等得不耐煩了。Whats the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎么啦？你顯得那么不高興?！就卣埂縡e

20、ed的相關(guān)短語：feed sb./sth. on sth.給（人或動物）食物；喂；飼養(yǎng) feed sth. to sb/sth. 將某種食物喂給人或動物feed on（動物）以為主食【考題鏈接】根據(jù)句子的要求在橫線上填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1) Several children were feeding bread _ the ducks. 2) What do you feed your dog _? 3) Cows feed _ grass. 4) I m fed up _ the same breakfast every morning.答案：1) to 2) on 3) on 4) with5

21、. look ahead向前看；為將來謀劃（打算）【例句】Have you looked ahead to what you ll be doing in five years time? 你是否想過五年后你要做些什么?【拓展】look的相關(guān)短語：look back 向后看；回顧look out 留神；注意look into 調(diào)查look up 查找；形勢好轉(zhuǎn)；看望look up to sb. 尊敬某人look through 仔細(xì)查閱look forward to sth./doing sth. 盼望look on 旁觀；看作look over 快速瀏覽，復(fù)習(xí)look down (on/up

22、on sth.) 向下看；輕視【考題鏈接】My students look _me very much.A. down upon B. up to C. back to D. into答案：B解題思路：考查固定短語。由句意：我的學(xué)生非常尊敬我。可知look up to sb.“尊敬某人”符合句意。6. date back = date from. 追溯到，從時候開始就有了【例句】The temple dates back to the 13th century. 這座寺廟從十三世紀(jì)開始就有了?！究碱}鏈接】The custom _ the Ming Dynasty has died out.A.

23、 dates from B. dates back to C. that dated from D. dating from答案：D解題思路：解答本題首先要確定形式，根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞has died down可排除掉A、B兩項(xiàng)，若選擇這兩項(xiàng)的話就會出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，而C項(xiàng)的時態(tài)錯誤，所以D項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。即學(xué)即練1. Traditionally, Chinese people _ the Chinese characters Double Happiness and stick them onto walls or doors for weddings. A. cut out B. cut o

24、ff C. cut up D. cut down2. Some people act regardless _what will happen afterwards.A. with B. as C. of D. for3. It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out4. It'll take _ 2 hours to do this!Oh, come on! I could

25、do it in 30 minutes.A. at least B. at most C. at the latest D. at last（三）重點(diǎn)句型句型學(xué)習(xí)1. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 句子分析本句中的suggest表示“表明”。suggest最常用的兩個意思：（1）提議；提出；建議，后接動詞時要用動詞的ing形式，后接賓語從句時，從句用虛擬語氣（“

26、should+動詞原形”，should常省略）?！纠洹縄t s noisy here. I suggest changing another hotel. 這里太吵了，我建議換個賓館。I suggest (that) you (should) ask Mr. Wu. 我建議你問問吳先生。I suggest that the boy be sent to the hospital at once. 我建議立即把小孩送到醫(yī)院。后接賓語從句要用虛擬語氣的詞可記為：一個堅(jiān)持：insist / 兩個命令：command, order / 四個建議：advise, suggest, recommend,

27、 propose / 四個要求：ask, demand, request, require（2）表明，顯示，暗示；顯出，后接賓語從句（不用虛擬語氣）?！纠洹縃is expression suggests that he has got the job.他臉上的表情表明他已經(jīng)得到了那份工作?！究碱}鏈接】Johnson suggested the problem worth paying attention _ at the meeting. A. to be discussed B. to been discussedC. being discussed D. should be discus

28、sed答案：A解題思路：本題考查虛擬語氣和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。由句意“建議被討論”可知，后邊應(yīng)為 (should) be discussed 結(jié)構(gòu)，可排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；再由pay attention to 短語可知選A項(xiàng)。此處worth paying attention作后置定語修飾the problem。2. It must have been very uncomfortable.句子分析這里的must have been表示對過去情況的肯定猜測：情態(tài)動詞+完成式的用法情態(tài)動詞+完成式往往表示過去的事情，情態(tài)動詞不同意義也不同，現(xiàn)簡要總結(jié)如下：can, could后接完成式，在否定句或疑問句中表示

29、對過去發(fā)生過的事情的“懷疑”或“不肯定”的態(tài)度?！纠洹縒here could I have put my cell phone? I cant find it anywhere.我會把手機(jī)放在哪里呢？我到處都找不到。could用在肯定句中，可以表示過去可能做到而實(shí)際并沒做到的事情，有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語氣?！纠洹縄ts too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. 太晚了。你可以回答得更早一些，我肯定。may, might后接完成式表示對過去某事的推測，認(rèn)為某件事情在過去可能發(fā)生了。如果用might，語氣則更婉轉(zhuǎn)或更不肯

30、定?！纠洹縈ary might have learned some Chinese before. 瑪麗以前可能學(xué)過一些漢語。還可以表示過去本來可以做到而實(shí)際沒有做到的事情，有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語氣?！纠洹縔ou didnt do the work well that day. You might have done it better. 你那天做得不夠好。你本可以做得更好的。must后接完成式的用法：表示對過去某事的推測，認(rèn)為某事在過去一定做到了?！纠洹縔our performance is so good. You must have trained very hard. 你的表演

31、這么好。你一定訓(xùn)練得很刻苦吧。 should/ought to后接完成式表示過去沒有做本來應(yīng)該做的事情，或是做了本來不應(yīng)該做的事情?！纠洹縔ou shouldnt have spent so much time playing computer games this weekend. 這個周末你不該花費(fèi)那么多時間玩電腦游戲的。neednt have done用來表示本不必要做卻做了的事情?！纠洹縏oday is Sunday, so you neednt have got up so early.今天是星期天，你本不必起這么早的。【考題鏈接】Why? Where is your purse

32、?Dear me! I it in the taxi. A. should have left B. must have left C. need have left D. would have left答案：B解題思路：從所給的四個選項(xiàng)來看，都是“情態(tài)動詞+完成式”，故要看句意與這幾種結(jié)構(gòu)的意義，首先排除掉C項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閚eed用作情態(tài)動詞時往往用于否定句，而should have done表示本應(yīng)該做卻沒有做的事情；D項(xiàng)則是本應(yīng)干什么，但沒干，根據(jù)句意：天哪，我一定是忘在出租車上了可知選B。3. If only she had looked ahead and planned better t

33、his year.句子分析這里的if only意為但愿；要是就好了。其后一般用虛擬語氣：If only I were a doctor. 這句話用的是一般過去時，因?yàn)樵馐牵何椰F(xiàn)在要是個醫(yī)生就好了。與現(xiàn)在時態(tài)相對應(yīng)的句子用一般過去時。If only I had said nothing. 而這句用的是過去完成時，原意為：我當(dāng)時不說就好了。是與過去時態(tài)相對應(yīng)的，故用過去完成時。If only my son didn't spend so much time before TV. 這句可以理解為一般現(xiàn)在時的虛擬語氣，所以句子中使用了一般過去時。原意為：要是我兒子不在電視前面呆那么長時間就好

34、了?！就卣埂縪nly if表示“只有，只要”，后接讓步狀語從句，主句采用倒裝句式：Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有老師同意，學(xué)生才能被允許進(jìn)入這個房間。【考題鏈接】Look at the trouble Im in! If only I _your advice.A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow答案：C解題思路：考查if only引導(dǎo)的從句。if only引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用虛擬

35、語氣。即學(xué)即練1. Why were you driving so fast? You _somebody. A. might hurt B. might have hurt C. would hurt D. must have hurt2. The schoolgirl could be a pretty one _ she paid more attention to her manners and clothes.A. only if B. if only C. but for D. as long as3. Do you know when the Chinese custom _ f

36、rom?It's hard to say. But its characteristics _ the Tang Dynasty.A. began; prove B. started; show C. is; appear D. dates; suggestUnit 5 Meeting your ancestors -Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時一、預(yù)習(xí)新知Unit 5 Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時二、預(yù)習(xí)點(diǎn)撥思考問題一：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的意義？與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別？思考問題二：找出本單元含現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的句子。（答題時間：60分鐘）一、單項(xiàng)填空1. I thought I knew

37、the way, but_ I got lost.A. therefore B. somehow C. otherwise D. so2. Your stay abroad will give you _opportunities to learn a new language.A. much B. ample C. enough D. sufficient 3. At the meeting he gave us some suggestions, one of which was that we_ someone to check the information.A. sent B sen

38、d C. would send D. should have sent4. Is Jason all right？He looks so tired!Not sure. He_ deep into the night yesterday. Hes having an exam soon.A. may have studied B. should have studiedC. might study D. must have been studying5. A middleaged woman came_ to the bus stop only_ the bus had gone.A. to

39、run；to find B. running；to find C. and ran；found D. running；finding6. We must_ the weather into consideration first when climbing mountains.A. make B. consider C. regard D. take7. You should have been more patient_ that customer；Im sure that selling him the watch was a possibility.A. of B. with C. fo

40、r D. at8. Tom continued to run away，_our shouts to him that he should return.A. as regards B. with regard to C. regarding D. regardless of9. A society was set up to _the endangered animal and plant life from dying out in this area.A. reserve B. preserve C. observe D. deserve10. The football game was

41、_ because of the tornado.A. interrupted B. disturbed C. missed D. lost11. Its a long time_ I saw you last.Yes，and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time_ we see each other again.A. before；since B. since；whenC. since；before D. when；before12. As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will，there

42、is a way.” You can _ more than you believe possible if you really set your mind to itA. accelerate B. accumulate C. accomplish D. approve 13. He was arrested_ drunken driving on his way to the football game.A. with B. of C. for D. to14. _you eat the correct foods_ be able to keep fit and stay health

43、y.A. Only if；will you B. Only if；you willC. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will15. He made a quick_ from his illness which had been thought to be rather serious.A. relief B. recovery C. survival D. relaxation二、翻譯句子16. 要是他沒有忘記發(fā)那封信就好了。(if only)_17. 俱樂部對所有新成員不分年齡一律歡迎。(regardless of)_18. 他不可能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成如此

44、多的工作。(cant have done)_19. 艾麗絲把肉切碎并開始煮。(cut up)_20. 災(zāi)區(qū)的人們需要食物。(in need of)_三、完形填空Over dinner a few weeks ago, the novelist Lawrence Naumoff told a troubling story.He_21_students in his introduction to creative writing course at UNC Chapel Hill if they had_22_Jack Kerouac Nobody raised a hand._23_he a

45、sked if anyone had ever heard of Jack Kerouac. There are more blank_24_.Naumoff began_25_the legend of the literary wild man. One student offered that he had a teacher who was just as_26_.Naumoff asked the professors name. The student said he didnt_27_.Naumoff then asked this oblivious (健忘的) scholar

46、，“Do you know my_28_？”After a long pause, the young man replied, “No.”“I guess Ive always known that many students are just_29_my course to get a requirement out of the way, ” Naumoff said. “But it was_30_to see that some couldnt even go to the trouble of_31_the name of the person teaching the cours

47、e.”The other UNC professors at the_32_began sharing their own stories about the troubling state of curiosity on_33_.All of them have noted that such ignorance isnt_34_students have always possessed far less knowledge than they should. But in the past，_35_tended to be a source of shame and motivation

48、. Students were far more likely to be_36_by notknowing，far more eager to fill such gaps by learning._37_, nowadays as one reviewer once said, “Its that they dont_38_what they dont know.”In our increasingly complex world, the amount of information required to master any_39_disciplinee.g. computers, l

49、ife insurance，medicinehas expanded geometrically (呈幾何級數(shù)增長). We are forced to_40_specialists, people who know more and more about less and less. Curiously，in a world where everything is worth knowing, nothing is.21. A. helpedB. greetedC. taughtD. asked22. A. readB. recognizedC. visitedD. wrote23. A.

50、ButB. OrC. ThenD. So24. A. puzzlesB. expressionsC. smilesD. feelings25. A. describingB. drawingC. showingD. painting26. A. uglyB. handsomeC. crazyD. angry27. A. knowB. recognizeC. findD. care28. A. storyB. nameC. addressD. work29. A. gettingB. puttingC. takingD. making30. A. excitingB. interestingC.

51、 pleasingD. disappointing31. A. finding outB. looking forC. putting upD. pointing to32. A. classB. dinnerC. roomD. house33. A. trainB. busC. campusD. literature34. A. oldB. shortC. longD. new35. A. ignoranceB. curiosityC. knowledgeD. gaps36. A. troubledB. movedC. touchedD. respected37. A. ThereforeB

52、. OtherwiseC. HoweverD. Anyway38. A. go throughB. take inC. meet withD. care about39. A. commonB. simpleC. particularD. easy40. A. actB. becomeC. callD. want四、閱讀理解There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment