英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

1、Differences between American and British EnglishDifferences in vocabularyWhen it comes to vocabulary, American English differ significantly from British English. Sometimes the same word has different meaning. There are also different words with the same meaning. A few examples are given below.Americ

2、an EnglishBritish EnglishAirplaneAeroplaneApartmentFlat/ apartmentArea codeDialling codeAttorney, lawyerBarrister, solicitorBusyEngaged (phone)Cab/taxiTaxiCanTinCandySweetsCheck/billBillCookie, crackerBiscuitCornMaizeCribCotCrazyMadDiaperNappyDumb, stupidStupidElevatorLiftEraserRubber, eraserFall, a

3、utumnAutumnFaucet, tapTapFirst floor, second floorGround floor, first floorFlashlightTorchFrench friesChipsGarbage, trashRubbishGarbage can, trashcanDustbin, rubbish binGas, gasolinePetrolHighway, freewayMain road, motorwayHoodBonnetIntersectionCrossroadsMadAngryMailPostMeanNastyMovie, filmFilmPants

4、, trousersTrousersPavementRoad surfacePitcherJugPotato chipsCrispsPurseHandbagRaiseRise (salary)RailroadRailwayRest roomPublic toiletSchedule, timetableTimetableSneakersTrainers (sports shoes)Stand in lineQueueStingyMeanStore, shopShopSubwayUndergroundTruckVan, lorryTrunkBoot (of a car)Stand in line

5、QueueTwo weeksFortnight, two weeksVacationHoliday(s)WindshieldWindscreenZeeZedStand in lineQueueZipperZipDifference between American and British EnglishDifferences in usageAbbreviationsWe usually write abbreviations without full stops in modern British English. Full stops (US 憄eriods) are normal in

6、American English.Mr (US Mr.) = MisterDr (US Dr.) = DoctorLtd (US Ltd.) = Limited (company)Kg (US kg.) = kilogramAll and all ofBefore a noun with a determiner (e.g. the, this, my), alland all ofare both possible in British English. American English usually has all of.· She has eaten all (of) the

7、 cake. (GB)· She has eaten all of the cake. (US)· All (of) my friends like riding. (GB)· All of my friends like riding. (US)Expressions with prepositions and particlesDifferent from/than (US)Different from/to (GB)Check something (out) (US)Check something (GB)Do something over/again (U

8、S)Do something again (GB)Live on X street (US)Live in X street (GB)On a team (US)In a team (GB)Monday through/to Friday (US)Monday to Friday (GB)Informal use of likeIn an informal style, likeis often used instead of as if/though, especially in American English. This is not considered correct in a fo

9、rmal style.· It seems likeit is going to rain.· He sat there smiling like it was his birthday.OnIn American English, it is common to leave out onbefore the days of the week.· I am seeing her Sunday morning. (US)British people say atthe weekend; Americans say onthe weekend.· What

10、did you do at the weekend? (GB)· What did you do on the weekend? (US)In and forIn American English, in can be used, like for, to talk about periods up to the present. (British English only for).· I haven't seen her inyears. (US)Both and both ofBefore a noun with a determiner (e.g. the,

11、 this, my), both and both ofare both possible in British English. In American English, both ofis usual.· Both (of) my parents like riding. (GB)· Both of my parents like riding. (US)In after negatives and superlativesAfter negatives and superlatives, in can be used to talk about duration. T

12、his is especially common in American English.· I haven't seen him for/inmonths.· It was the worst storm for/inten years.In British English, inis not normally used with this meaning.· I haven't seen him formonths. (GB)Shan'tIn British English, I shan't is sometimes used

13、 in refusals. This is very unusual in American English.· I don't care what you say, I won't/ shan't do it. (GB)· I don抰 care what you say, I won't do it. (US)ShallQuestions with shall I/weare used (especially in British English) to ask for instructions or decisions, to offe

14、r services and to make suggestions. This is not common in American English.· ShallI open the window?· Shallwe go out for a meal?WillWe often use will in threats and promises. Shall is also possible in British English, especially after Iand we. In American English, shallis not used in threa

15、ts and promises.· I will/shallgive you a teddy bear for your birthday. (GB)· I willgive you a teddy bear for your birthday. (US)Have (got) + infinitiveHave (got) + infinitivecan be used, like must, to express certainty. This is mainly an American English structure, but it is now becoming m

16、ore common in British English.· I don't believe you. You have (got) tobe joking. (= You must be joking.)Would and shouldAfter Iand we, should can be used in British English with the same meaning as would.· If we had a map we would/shouldbe able to get out of here. (GB)· If we had

17、a map we wouldwe able to get out of here. (US)Conditional wouldis sometimes used in both clauses of an if-sentence. This is common in spoken American English.· It wouldbe better if they wouldtell everybody in advance.American and British English: differences in spellingA number of words end in

18、-our in British English and -orin American English. Some words end in -erin American English and -re in British English. Many verbs which end in -ize in American English can be spelt in British English with -izeor -ise. In British English -I is doubled in an unstressed syllable before a suffix begin

19、ning with a vowel, while in American English it is not doubled.American English and British EnglishDifferences in grammarThese two varieties of English are very similar that most American and British speakers can understand each other without great difficulty. There are, however, a few differences o

20、f grammar, vocabulary and spelling. The following guide is meant to point out the principal differences between American English (AE) and British English (BE).Differences in GrammarUse of the Present PerfectThe British use the present perfectto talk about a past action which has an effect on the pre

21、sent moment. In American English both simple pastand present perfectare possible in such situations.· I have lostmy pen. Can you lend me yours? (BE)· I lostmy pen. OR I have lost my pen. (AE)· He has gonehome. (BE)· He went home. OR He has gone home. (AE)Other differences include

22、 the use of already, justand yet. The British use the present perfect with these adverbs of indefinite time. In American English simple past and present perfect are both possible.· He has just gone home. (BE)· He just went home. OR He has just gone home. (AE)· I have already seen this

23、 movie. (BE)· I have already seen this movie. OR I already saw this movie. (AE)· She hasn't come yet. (BE)· She hasn't come yet. OR She didn't come yet. (AE)PossessionThe British normally use have got to show possession. In American English have (in the structure do you ha

24、ve) and have gotare both possible.· Have you got a car? (BE)· Do you have a car? OR Have you got a car? (AE)Use of the verb GetIn British English the past participle of getis got. In American English the past participle of get is gotten, except when have got means have.· He has got a

25、prize. (BE)· He has gotten a prize. (AE)· I have got two sisters. (BE)· I have got two sisters. (=I have two sisters.)(AE)Will/ShallIn British English it is fairly common to use shallwith the first person to talk about the future. Americans rarely use shall.· I shall/will never f

26、orget this favour. (BE)· I will never forget this favour. (AE)In offers the British use shall. Americans use should.· Shall I help you with the homework? (BE)· Should I help you with the homework? (AE)NeedIn British English needn'tand don't need toare both possible. Americans

27、normally use don't need to.· You needn't reserve seats. OR You don't need to reserve seats. (BE)· You don't need to reserve seats. (AE)American and British EnglishDifferences in Grammar # 2Use of the SubjunctiveIn American English it is particularly common to use subjunctiv

28、e after words like essential, vital, important, suggest, insist, demand, recommend, ask, advice etc. (Subjunctive is a special kind of present tense which has no -s in the third person singular. It is commonly used in that clausesafter words which express the idea that something is important or desi

29、rable.) In British English the subjunctive is formal and unusual. British people normally use should + Infinitiveor ordinary present and past tenses.· It is essential that every child get an opportunity to learn. (AE)· It is essential that every child getsan opportunity to learn. (BE)·

30、; It is important that he betold. (AE)· It is important that he should be told. (BE)· She suggested that I seea doctor. (AE)· She suggested that I should seea doctor. (BE)· She insisted that I gowith her. (AE)· She insisted that I should gowith her. (BE)Collective NounsColle

31、ctive nouns like jury, team, family, government etc., can take both singular and plural verbs in British English. In American English they normally take a singular verb.· The committee meets/meet tomorrow. (BE)· The committee meets tomorrow. (AE)· The team is/are going to lose. (BE)&#

32、183; The team is going to lose. (AE)Auxiliary verb + doIn British English it is common to use doas a substitute verb after an auxiliary verb. Americans do not normally use doafter an auxiliary verb.· May I have a look at your papers? You may (do) (BE)· You may. (AE)· You were supposed to