機(jī)械工程英語第二部分翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit 6Group TechnologyGroup technology is a manufacturing philosophy that involves identifying and grouping components having similar or related attributes in order to take advantage of their similarities in the design and/or manufacturing phases of the production cycle.（成組技術(shù)是一個(gè)制造業(yè)的哲學(xué)概念

2、，它涉及到具有相似或相關(guān)屬性零件的標(biāo)識(shí)和分組，這樣我們可利用產(chǎn)品的相似性這種特點(diǎn)，把這種技術(shù)應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)制造過程中）Historically, this novel principle first came into being here in the United States in 1920,when Frederick Taylor supported the idea of grouping parts that required special operations.（歷史上，這個(gè)新穎的理論是在1920年Frederick Taylor支持將需要特殊加工的零件成組而被第一次提

3、出的）He was followed by the Jones and Lamson Machine Company in the early 1920s,which used a crude form of group technology to build machine tools.（在1920年早期，Jones andLamson公司繼承他的思想，他們用粗糙的成組技術(shù)形式生產(chǎn)工具）Their manufacturing approach involved such principles as departmentalization by product rather than by p

4、rocess and minimizing the routing paths.（他們使用這一原理的生產(chǎn)方法就是以產(chǎn)品來劃分部門，而不是以工藝或縮短路徑來劃分部門）Today, group technology is implemented through the application of well-structured classification and coding systems and supporting software to take advantage of the similarities of components.（現(xiàn)在，成組技術(shù)正在通過運(yùn)用結(jié)構(gòu)分類、代碼系統(tǒng)和支持

5、軟件來利用相似零件的優(yōu)勢進(jìn)一步實(shí)施）Reasons for Adopting Group TechnologyModern manufacturing industries are racing a lot of challenges caused by growing international competition and fast-changing market demands. These challenges, which are exemplified in the following list, have been and can be successfully met by

6、group technology:（現(xiàn)在制造工業(yè)正在接受由日益激烈的國際化競爭和多變的市場要求帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。這些挑戰(zhàn)可以用成組技術(shù)成功地解決，如下所列：）*There is an industrial trend toward low-volume production(small lot sizes)of a wider variety of products in order to meet the rising demand for specially ordered products in today's affluent societies. In other words, t

7、he share of the batch-type production in industry is growing day after day, and it is anticipated that 75 percent of all manufactured parts will be in small lot sizes.（工業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的趨勢是產(chǎn)品的品種更加多樣而每種產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的數(shù)量減少，以此來滿足當(dāng)今繁榮社會(huì)不斷增長的專門訂貨。換句話說，工廠中分批式生產(chǎn)的比例越來越高，預(yù)計(jì)將來全部的75%是小批量的。）*As a result of the first factor, the con

8、ventional shop organization is becoming very inefficient and obsolete because of the wasteful routing paths of the products between the various machine tool departments.（作為第一個(gè)因素的結(jié)果，傳統(tǒng)的車間機(jī)構(gòu)變得越來越低效和過時(shí)，因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品在不同的工具部傳送的時(shí)候浪費(fèi)時(shí)間）*There is a need to integrate the design and manufacturing phases in order to cu

9、t short the lead time, thus winning a competitive situation in the international market.（有必要把設(shè)計(jì)和制造的階段集成在一起可以減少訂貨至交貨的時(shí)間，這樣可以在國際化市場上具有競爭力）Benefits of Group Technology(1)Benefits in product design.（在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)勢）Concerning design of products, the principal benefit of group technology is that it enables prod

10、uct designers to avoid "reinventing the wheel", or duplicating engineering efforts. （關(guān)于產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)，成組技術(shù)最主要的好處在于可以防止重復(fù)發(fā)明和復(fù)制工程成果）In other words, it eliminates the possibility of designing a product that was previously designed because it facilitates storage and easy retrieval of engineering design

11、s.（換句話說，由于它存儲(chǔ)方便，并且相關(guān)的工程設(shè)計(jì)很容易被取出，所以消除了發(fā)明以前就存在的產(chǎn)品）When an order of a part is released, the part is first coded, and then existing designs that match that code are retrieved from the company's library of designs stored in the memory of a computer, thus saving a large amount of time in design work.

12、（一旦要求設(shè)計(jì)某一個(gè)零件，這個(gè)零件首先被編碼，然后檢索存儲(chǔ)于計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器中的該公司的設(shè)計(jì)庫，找出與這個(gè)編碼相匹配的已有設(shè)計(jì)，這樣便可節(jié)省大量的重復(fù)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間）If the exact part design is not included in the company's computerized files, a design close enough to the required one can be retrieved and modified in order to satisfy the requirements,（如果在公司計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器中沒有完全吻合的設(shè)計(jì)，那就找出與之最相

13、似的設(shè)計(jì)，修正后可以滿足要求）A further advantage of group technology is that it promotes standardization of production tools and work-holding devices.（此外，成組技術(shù)可以促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)工具和工件夾持裝置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）(2)Standardization of tooling and setup. （加工和裝配的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）Since parts are grouped into families, a flexible design for a work-holding device(j

14、ig or fixture)can be made for each family in such a manner that it can accommodate every member of that family, thus reducing the cost of fixturing by reducing the number of fixtures required.（因?yàn)楣ぜ环殖闪祟悇e，對(duì)工件夾持裝置的靈活設(shè)計(jì)可以應(yīng)用于每個(gè)類的所有零件，這樣可以減少所需要的夾持件的數(shù)量，從而減少了夾持裝置的費(fèi)用）Also, it is obvious that a machine setup

15、 can bemade once for the whole family(because of the similarities between the parts of a family)instead of a machine setup for each of the individual parts.（并且，很顯然一次的機(jī)器裝配可以用于此類的所有零件，而不是只對(duì)單個(gè)零件適用）(3)More efficient material handling. （更高效的物料輸送）When the plant layout is based on the group technology prin

16、ciples, i. e, dividing the plant into cells, each consisting of a group of different machine tools and wholly devoted to the production of a family of parts, material handling is more efficient because of the minimal routing paths of parts between machine tools achieved in this case. （基于成組技術(shù)原理規(guī)劃工廠布局

17、，即把工廠分為單元，每個(gè)單元由一組用于生產(chǎn)同一族零件的各種機(jī)床組成，這時(shí)原材料的傳送是很有效的，因?yàn)檫@種情形下的零件在機(jī)床間的移動(dòng)路徑最短。）This is in contrast with the "messy" flow lines in the case of the conventional departmentalization-by-process layout. That comparison is clearly illustrated in Fig.6.1,which indicates both cases.（這與傳統(tǒng)的按工序分部門的很亂的布局形成了對(duì)比

18、?。?4)Improving economies of batch-type production.(提高分批式生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益)Usually, batch-type production involves a wide variety of nonstandard parts, seemingly with nothing in common. （通常，分批式生產(chǎn)包括各種各樣的不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件，貌似它們沒有共性）Therefore, grouping parts(and processes)in families enable to achieve economies that are obtai

19、nable only in mass production.（但是，分組技術(shù)只有在大量生產(chǎn)時(shí)才可以取得經(jīng)濟(jì)效益）(5)Easier scheduling.（更容易安排）Grouping the parts into families facilitates the task of scheduling, since this work will be done for each family instead of for each part.（將工件分族可以降低安排任務(wù)的難度）(6)Reduced work-in-process and lead time.（減少在制品和訂貨至交貨的時(shí)間）Re

20、duced work-in-process(WIP)and lead time result directly from reduced setup and material-handling time. （WIP源于減少了安裝和原材料處理的時(shí)間）In other words, parts are not redundantly transferred between machining departments, since material handling is carried out efficiently within each of the individual cells. （換句

21、話說，由于在每個(gè)單元之間高效的物料輸送，零件在加工部門傳送地一點(diǎn)都不冗余）This is in contrast to the production in a typical plant with a process-type layout, where a piece that requires only a few minutes of machining may spend days on the shop floor. （這與本來一個(gè)工件可以幾分鐘加工完的卻用了幾天的基于過程布局的車間的生產(chǎn)形成了對(duì)比，）This latter situation involves increased WIP, which ad