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1、ZZ 關(guān)于模擬設(shè)計(jì)的基本考慮Basic precautions and tips that an Analog Designer should know.1. Minimum channel length of the transistor should be four to five times the minimum feature
2、size of the process. We do it, to make the lambda of the transistor low i.e. the rate of change of Id w.r.t to Vds is low.晶體管最小溝長為工藝最小特征尺寸的4-5倍,用來減小溝長調(diào)制效應(yīng)2. Present&
3、#160;art of analog design still uses the transistor in the saturation region.So one should always keep Vgs of the Transistor 30% above the Vt.目前模擬設(shè)計(jì)仍然是使晶體管工作在飽和區(qū),故應(yīng)使Vgs大于Vt約30%3. O
4、ne should always split the big transistor into small transistors having width or length feature size應(yīng)把大管分成小晶體管,使其寬/長特征尺寸<或=15um4. W/L Ratio of transistors of the mirror circuit
5、should be less than or equal to 5, to ensure the proper matching of the transistors in the layout. Otherwise, it results to the Systamatic Offset in the circuit
6、.電流鏡電路的晶體管的w/l比應(yīng)小于或等于5,以保證較好的Matching,否則會(huì)有系統(tǒng)失調(diào)5. One should make all the required pins in the schmetic before generating the layout view. Because its diffcult to add a pin in the
7、160;layout view. All IO pins should be a metal2 pins whereas Vdd and Ground should be metal1 pins在電路中畫出所有的管腳(pin),之后才作layout。因?yàn)樵趌ayout中增加一個(gè)pin是比較困難的。所有的IO pin應(yīng)該用metal2 pin,Vdd和GND用metal1 pin6. On
8、e should first simulate the circuit with the typical model parameters of the devices. Since Vt of the trasistor can be anything between Vt(Typical) -/+ 20%. So we
9、60;check our circuit for the extreme cases i.e. Vt+20%, Vt-20%. A transistor having Vt-20% is called a fast transistor and transistor having Vt+20% is called slow transis
10、tor. Its just a way to differentiate them. So with these fast and slow transistor models we make four combination called nfpf, nfps, nspf, nsps, which are known
11、;as process corners. Now, once we are satisfied with the circuit performance with typical models than we check it in different process corners, to take the process v
12、ariation into account. Vt is just one example of the process variation there are others parameter too.首先先用tt做電路仿真??紤]Vt有+20% (slow)和-20% (fast),需要對(duì)工藝角考慮,F(xiàn)F,SS,F(xiàn)S,SF。除Vt,其他工藝參數(shù)也會(huì)有變化7. Its thumb rul
13、e that poly resistance has a 20% process variation whereas well resistance has got 10%. But the poly resistance has got lower temperature coefficent and lower Sheet
14、Resistance than well resistance So we choose the resistance type depending upon the requirments. Poly Capacitance has got a process variation of 10%.多晶硅電阻大約有20%的工藝變化,而阱區(qū)電阻變化約為10%。但多晶硅電阻有較低的溫
15、度系數(shù)和低的方塊電阻,應(yīng)根據(jù)需要來選擇電阻。多晶硅電容約有10%工藝變化8. One should also check the circuit performance with the temperature variation. We usuly do it for the range of -40C to 85C.需考慮溫度變化對(duì)電路性能的影響,通常在-40C到85C范圍
16、9. One should take the parasitic capacitance into account wherever one is making an overlap with metal layers or wells.有覆蓋金屬層或阱區(qū)時(shí),須考慮寄生電容10. In Layout, all transistors should
17、be placed in one direction, to provide the same environment to all the transistors.Layout中,所有晶體管統(tǒng)一擺放方向,使有相同的環(huán)境11. One should place all transistor in layout with a due care to&
18、#160;the pin position before start routing them.在對(duì)晶體管布局布線之前,考慮Pin的位置12. One should always use the Metal 1 for horizontal routing and Metal 2 for the vertical routing as far
19、60;as possible.盡量使用metal1橫向布線,metal縱向布線13. One should never use POLY as routing layer when the interconnects carries a current. One can have a short gate connection using poly.在互連用
20、來傳送電流時(shí),不要用Poly來做互連??梢杂胮oly做短的柵連接。14. One should try to avoid running metal over poly gate. As this cause to increase in parasitic capacitance.避免金屬在多晶硅柵上走線,會(huì)增加寄生電容15. Current in all the
21、transistor and resistor part should flow in the same direction所有晶體管和電阻有相同的電流走向16. One should do the Power(Vdd & Gnd) routing in top layer metal (metal5 only). Because Top&
22、#160;layer metals are usually thicker and wider and so has low resistance.在最上層金屬做電源(Vdd和GND)布線。因?yàn)樽钌蠈咏饘偻ǔ8?、更寬,因而電阻較小17. One should always merge drain and source of transistor (of same t
23、ype) connected together.merge連接的Source和Drain18. To minimize the process variation in the Resistor value one should always take the resistors width three to four times of the d
24、efault value. we do it to decrease the value of differential of R(L)為減小工藝變化對(duì)電阻影響,應(yīng)使電阻的寬度為默認(rèn)值的3-4倍19. One should cover the resistance with metal layer, to avoid the damaged dur
25、ing the wafer level testing.用金屬覆蓋電阻,避免wafer級(jí)測(cè)試時(shí)的損傷20. One should always make a Common Centroid structure for the matched transistor in the layout.Each differential pair transistor shoul
26、d be divide into four transistors and should be placed in two rows common centroid structure.One may use the the linear common centroid structure for the current mir
27、ror circuit.對(duì)匹配的晶體管用共中心的結(jié)構(gòu)差分對(duì)管,分割為4管,2*2排列,共中心對(duì)電流鏡,可用線形共中心21. Its advisiable to put a dummy layers around the resistance and the capacitance to avoid the erosion at the time of etching.
28、建議在電阻和電容周圍作dummy22. One should always have a Guard Ring arround the differential pair.在差分對(duì)周圍作保護(hù)環(huán)23. Always put a Guard Ring arround the N-well and P-well.在N阱和P阱作保護(hù)環(huán)半導(dǎo)體24. Thumb rule
29、0;for the metal current density is 0.8mA/um. Its larger for the top most metal layer.金屬電流密度0.8mA/um,最上層金屬可以更大25. To avoid the Latchup, one should always make the PN junction
30、160;reverse biased i.e. In NWELL should be connected to positive power supply (Vdd) and PWELL should be connected to negative power supply (Gnd). Designers do it to make the leakage current small.為避免Latchup,應(yīng)使PN結(jié)反偏,如N-Well應(yīng)連到正電源,P-Well應(yīng)連到負(fù)電源。這樣可減小漏電26. Its always a good practice to use a infotext layer to put
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