高中英語選修十 Unit 4 Learning efficiently-語法篇（學(xué)生版）

1、.Unit 4 Learning efficiently-語法篇_1. 掌握虛擬語氣運(yùn)用；2. 掌握?？继摂M語氣的解題方法；虛擬語氣一. 定義虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。二. 虛擬語氣在條件句中的應(yīng)用條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。1. 真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中if是“假如的意思。2. 虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用1 表示與如今事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時，從句謂動用“過去式be的過去式用we

2、re，主句謂動用“would/ should/ could/might+動詞原形。例如：If I had time，I would attend the meeting.If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.2 表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時，從句謂動用“had+過去分詞， 主句謂動用“would/ should/ could/might+ have+過去分詞。例如：If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.3 表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時，從

3、句謂動可以用三種形式: a. “動詞過去式； b. “were to+動詞原形； c. “should+動詞原形， 主句謂動用“would/ should/ could/might+動詞原形。例如：If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.使用虛擬條件句時要注意的

4、幾點(diǎn)：1 錯綜時間條件句當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now.要是那時你聽我勸告的話，你如今就知道該做什么了。2 if的省略和倒裝在條件句中可省略 if，把were，had，should 提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。例如:If I were at school again，I would study harder.Were I at school again，I would study h

5、arder.If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.注意： 當(dāng)省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否認(rèn)形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。比方，我們可以說：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能說：W

6、erent it for the expense，I would go abroad now.3 含蓄條件句 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有with，without，but for。例如:What would you do with a million dollars？if you had a million dollarsWe couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.if we hadnt got your helpWithout your help，we couldnt have finishe

7、d the work ahead of time.But for your help，.If it had not been for your help，.Had it not been for your help，. 用otherwise，however，but或分詞短語等代替條件狀語從句。例如:He would have gone to the party，but he was ill yesterday.他昨天想去參加宴會，但是那時他病了。The firemen arrived in time. Otherwise the house would have been burnt to t

8、he ground.消防隊(duì)員及時趕到了，不然的話，房子就燒毀了。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.假設(shè)是多加注意，這些樹就會長得更好。三. 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用1. 用于賓語從句中1 wish后的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞構(gòu)成形式為：a. 過去時賓從動作與wish同時；b. 過去完成時賓從動作先于wish；c. could/ would/ might+動詞原形，即過去將來時賓從動作后于wish。例如:I wish I remembered his address.我希望我記得他

9、的地址。I wish I had studied hard.我多么希望我那時學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。2 表示建議、要求、命令等詞后的賓語從句中，動詞有：demand, order, require, insist堅(jiān)決主張, suggest建議, propose, advise, decide, determine, vote提議, command, arrange安排、協(xié)商, desire, prefer, intend等，從句謂動用“should+動詞原形，should可以省略。例如:The doctor suggested/insisted that sheshouldstay in bed for a

10、 few days.醫(yī)生建議/堅(jiān)持她臥床幾天。注意： 當(dāng)suggest作“暗示、說明講，insist作“堅(jiān)持說講，即堅(jiān)持事實(shí)是怎樣時，that 從句中的謂語動詞不用虛擬語氣。例如：The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.他臉上的表情暗示出他不快樂。Mike insisted that he was right.邁克堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是對的。3 would had rather，would just as soon，would sooner，would prefer從句構(gòu)造，這幾個句型都表示一種“婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備，謂語動詞用過去式表示如今或?qū)恚?/p>

11、用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。例如:I would rather you didnt go there.我寧愿你不去那兒。4 If only 引導(dǎo)的感慨句中。例如:If only I were a bird! 我要是只鳥兒多好??！2. 用于主語從句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat 從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“should動詞原形，should 可以省略。例如:It is suggested that the meetingshouldbe put

12、off till next week.It is strange that heshouldhave acted toward his parents like that.act 發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞be之前時，要用should have過去分詞注意： 以上句式也可以用于陳述語氣。例如:Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.Its a pity that you cant dance.3. 用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要

13、用虛擬語氣。其構(gòu)成是“should動詞原形。如：My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.四. 虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的運(yùn)用1. 在as if/though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語和even if/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中：一般過去時表示與如今或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反；過去完成時表示與過去事實(shí)相反。例如:She loves the boy as if he were her o

14、wn son.她喜歡這個男孩子就好似他是她的親生兒子一樣。2. 在in order that，so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，經(jīng)常用“could/might/may/can動詞原形表示虛擬語氣。例如:He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.他早起為的是可以趕上第一班公共汽車。3. 在in case that，for fear that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，經(jīng)常用“should動詞原形表示虛擬語氣，should不可省略。例如:She puts a coat over the baby for fear that he sho

15、uld catch a cold.她把一個大衣蓋在小孩身上，以免他著涼。4. if only 后面需要用虛擬語氣：一般過去時表示與如今或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反；過去完成時表示與過去事實(shí)相反。例如:If only I could operate the computer.要是我會操作電腦該多好。If only he had known it.要是他知道這件事該多好。五. 虛擬語氣在定語從句中的運(yùn)用It is high/about time that.句型中一般用過去時或“should動詞原形但should不可省略表示虛擬語氣，前者更為常用。例如:Its high/about time that child

16、ren went/should go to school.到了孩子們上學(xué)的時候了。1. What would have happened，_ as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther2. Its high time that we_ home and_ supper now. A. go；have B. went；had C. go；should have D. went；to

17、 have3. I was really anxious about you. You_ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave4. He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball，otherwise he_ a goal.A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored5. I wish I_ the book yeste

18、rday，but I was too busy.A. had finished to write B. had finished writingC. could have finished to write D. might finish writing根底演練單項(xiàng)選擇1. I have no time now. If I _time, I _to the cinema with you. A had; may go B have; shall go C had; would go D had had; would have gone2. If she had worked harder, s

19、he_. A would succeed B had succeeded C should succeed D would have succeeded3. I would not have gone to the party, _. A were I not invited B hadnt invited C hadnt been invited D had not I been invited4. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A has B had C will have D had ha

20、d5. How I wish I _ to fix the clock! I only made it worse. A could have tried B didnt try C hadnt tried D couldnt tried6. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A wouldnt have fallen B had not fallen C sh

21、ould fall D were to fall7. I advised that the sick child_ a hospital as soon as possible. A should send to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent to8. What she said at the meeting suggested that she _ our plan. A support B supported C should support D will support9. The man insisted that he_ t

22、he law and _into prison. A didnt break; not put B hadnt broken; shouldnt be put C not break; not put D hadnt broken; mustnt be put10. _it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. A If B Would C When D Should穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Id rather you _ come tomorrow.2. If only he _ be alive.3. We shou

23、ld act as if she _ watch us.4. I couldnt help even though I _ bethere at the moment.5. If I _informyesterday，I _ knowwhat to do now.單句改錯1. If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt fail in the exam._2. I would have finished the work，but I had been ill._3. Its high time we do our homework._4. I wish she

24、 will do better next time._5. The teacher demanded that he answered the question immediately._. 完成句子1. My suggestion is that _我們根據(jù)天氣情況來安排運(yùn)動會的日期2. _ 要不是他的幫助，I couldnt have finished the work on time.3. Without/But for your help，_ 我是不會平安到家的4. If I were you，I _ 更加注意英語的習(xí)語和短語5. _ 假如他九點(diǎn)動身的話，he ought to hav

25、e been in Londonby eleven oclock.1. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat，the earth at night_，too cold for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. would be frozen coldC. would be freezing coldlyD. can freeze coldly2. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman_ be so rude to a lady.A. migh

26、t B. need C. should D. would3. If only he_ quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. layC. had lain D. should lie4. Oh，Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_ so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat5. Mr

27、. White_ at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving6. How I wish every family_ a large house with a beautiful garden!A. has B. had C. will have D. had had7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing to

28、day if I _ in love at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall8. But for the help of my English teacher，I_ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win

29、D. would have won9. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_ it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed10. Bill suggested_ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having held B. to holdC. holding D. hold11

30、. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.A. would be sent B. should sendC. be sent D. must be sent12. These achievements _ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen，a key leader of the New Chinas nuclear missile and so on.A. would have been unthinkableB. would not

31、be unthinkableC. would be unthinkableD. would not have been unthinkable13. They must have been enjoying themselves there，otherwise they _ so long.A. cant have stayed B. wouldnt have stayedC. neednt have stayed D. couldnt stay14. The current economic situation requires that we _ strengthen our confid

32、ence and make every effort to promote growth and balanced development.A. need B. wouldC. could D. should15. The boy insisted that he _ his best and _ praised.A. had tried；must be B. tried；must beC. try；should be D. had tried；be_一. 完型2019朝陽一模Appeal to Emotion情感My childhood left three months ago on a

33、plane to Austria.It was a 1 day when my baby cousins moved away. My cousins were a fundamental part of my life; 2 they were not with me, they were on my mind. They brought back the untroubled days of my childhood, 3 games, adventures and silliness, but they also helped 4 me from an at-times selfish

34、teenager into a responsible adult.My aunt and uncle moved here from Boston with their 1-year-old daughter Yasmeen. They lived in an apartment on the side of our house and I was 5 to have our family, especially a baby girl, so close to us. Yasmeen had close friendships with each of my sisters, but I

35、knew the one that 6 between us was the strongest. As she began to walk on her own and talk in full sentences, I realized my great 7 upon her. I noticed that shed 8 some of my unpleasant actions, 9 with her mother after I had done the same. Yasmeen made me realize what being a good 10 really was.When

36、 Maya was born, Yasmeen had a hard time 11 . She was jealous嫉妒 of the attention we all paid to her new younger sister, so I did my best to keep her company when she might have not been 12 . Once Yasmeen overcame her jealousy, she was able to 13 Mayas presence, like we all did. I tried to take advant

37、age of our times together, doing my best to 14 my schedule for my two favorite people.My 15 with Yasmeen and Maya has taught me the importance of influential people. I know that I have helped Yasmeen and Maya 16 , but “the babies have had an even greater influence on my own life. They have shown me

38、how to be a parent, a sister, a child, and most importantly, a friend. Our 17 has made me a better persona more patient person, with the ability to 18 endless questions and spilled灑 juice；an 19 person, able to have fun and be happy with others; a role model, 20 the babies ideas about right and wrong, and a compassionate person, able to forgive and love. 1.A. sadB. busyC.