丁香栽培技術(shù)

1、丁香栽培技術(shù) 丁香為丁香花的簡(jiǎn)稱，乂名紫丁香、百結(jié)花等，為木樨科香花屬落葉灌木或小 喬木。植 株高 45m, 樹皮暗灰色或灰褐色，有溝裂，枝條光滑無(wú)毛。葉卵圓形或腎 臟形，先端銳尖， 葉基心臟形，全緣，革質(zhì)。初春開(kāi)花 , 花單瓣或重瓣，開(kāi)于前年小枝上 , 頂生或腋牛，花端四 裂，筒狀，呈岡錐花序，瓣柔色紫，清否襲人，為我國(guó)著名園林花 卉。Ding Xiang Ding Xiang spent a short, also known as purple Ding Xiang, ragged flowers, osmanthus flowers for families is a deciduou

2、s shrub or small tree ? Plants with high 45m, the bark dark gray or gray-brown, a fissure, branches glabrous ? Leaves ovate or reniform, apex acute, leaf base cordate, marg in en tire, leather y. Early spri ng flowers blossom, single or double, opened in the year branchlets, terminal or axillary, bl

3、ossom end four crack, cylindrical, show panicle, flap soft purple color, fragranee Xiren, as Chinas famous garden flowers.?、地塊選擇A, site selection 丁香性喜陽(yáng)光，忌積水，耐寒耐旱，一般不需多澆水。要求肥沃、排水良好的砂 壤土， 切忌栽于低洼陰濕處。如果栽在蔭蔽環(huán)境中，則枝條細(xì)長(zhǎng)較弱 , 花少且花序短 小而松散。若 種植在瘠薄的土地上 , 雖然也能生長(zhǎng)，但花少 , 且長(zhǎng)勢(shì)瘦弱。因此，宜 栽在向陽(yáng)、肥沃、土層 深厚的地方。Clove like sunlig

4、ht, avoid seeper, cold and drought resista nee, generally do not need watering. Requirements of sandy loam soil fertile, well-drained, avoid by all means is planted in the low-lying damp ? If plan ted in shade environment is weak, slim bra nches, flowers and inflorescences short and loose ? If plant

5、ed in poor soil, although also can grow, but spend less, andgrowing thin. Therefore, should be planted in sunny, fertile, deep soil?二、苗木繁殖Two, seedling breeding1? 種子繁殖 ,9? 1 0 月份，闕果由綠色變?yōu)辄S褐色，為種子成熟標(biāo)志，應(yīng)立即連同 果 枝剪下，以防種了散失。從小枝上采集果穗后及時(shí)放入通風(fēng)干燥的室內(nèi)陰干，不 宜曝曬，以 免種子強(qiáng)度失水而喪失生命力。在室內(nèi)堆放厚度 45cm, 并經(jīng)常翻動(dòng) 使其慢慢陰干，待有 2/3 萌果開(kāi)裂

6、時(shí)，即可用柳條或其他木棒抽打脫粒，除去毗籽 即得凈籽。用清水浸泡種子， 每 5d 換 1 次水 ,1 個(gè)月后撈岀用 0.03% 的高鎰酸鉀 消毒 2h, 然后進(jìn)行催芽（可常溫也可加 溫），但要經(jīng)常翻動(dòng)。選擇土質(zhì)疏松肥沃的砂 質(zhì)土壤、排水良好、較干燥的地塊，做成長(zhǎng) 10m 、寬 1? 5m 、高 15? 20cm 的高 床，底肥施碳鞍 150 ? 225kg/hm2 、腐熟有機(jī) 肥 30 ? 45t/hm2, 并用硫酸亞鐵 1 50kg/hm2 或退菌特 1 50 ? 225 kg/hm2 進(jìn)行土壤 消毒。秋季播種，秋播種子 不必處理，采種后即在 10 月下旬播種，播幅寬 8cm, 行距寬 20

7、cm, 溝深 2? 3cm, 覆土厚度 2.0-2.5cm, 播后秋灌，以利保墻。翌年春發(fā)芽早，出苗也整齊。 春季播 種，處理過(guò)的種了經(jīng)過(guò)催芽有 30%種了裂嘴露白 ,4 月下旬開(kāi)始播種 , 技術(shù)同秋播。 試 驗(yàn)表明，春播比秋播效果好，雖然出苗遲，但出苗整齊，出苗率較高，而 II 生長(zhǎng)略 高。1 seed breed ing, 910 mon th, capsule cha nge from green to brow n, as seed maturity, should immediately with the branch cut, to avoid seed loss?Collecti

8、on ear from branchlets timely in ventilated and dry room to dry, unfavorable insolate, lest seed strength loss and loss of vitality. Stacked 45cm thickness in the interior, and often flip to slowly up, stay with 2/3 capsule dehiscing, the wicker or other wooden whip threshing, removal of adjacent se

9、ed that net seed ? Seeds soaked with water, each 5D in 1 water, 1 mon ths after the fish out with potassium perma ngan ate disinfection 2H 0.03%, and thengermination (temperature or heating ), but always turn. Select the soil loose fertile sandy soil, good drainage, dry land, do high bed 10m, wide 1

10、 ? 5m, grow 1 5? 20cm, basic fertilizer ammonium bicarbonate 150 ? 225kg/hm2, decomposed organic fertilizer 3045t/hm2, and ferrous sulfate 150kg/hm2 or tuzet 1 50 ? 225 kg/hm2 to soil disinfection. Autumn sowing, sowing the seeds without treatment, after seed in late October sowing, sowing width 8cm

11、, row spaci ng, 20cm, depth 2 ? 3cm, coveri ng soil thick ness 2.02.5cm, after sowing in autumn irrigation, soil moisture ? In the spri ng of the n ext year early germ in ation, seedli ng emerge nee and n eat. Spring sowing, treated seeds after germination with 30% seeds crack mouth white, starting

12、in late April sowing, with autumn? Experiments show that, in spring than autumn sowingeffect is good, although the emerge nee of late, but neat emergence, seedling emerge nee rate is higher, and the growth of slightly higher?2?打 ?插繁殖，可用嫩枝打?插和帔枝打 ?插。丁香的碩枝撲插是取一至二年生健壯枝條作插穗 , 直接插入溫床，使其生根發(fā)芽而形成新的植物體。通常是春季

13、花謝后 1 個(gè)月剪 取頂枝進(jìn)行打 ?插 , 插穗的長(zhǎng)度為 1015cm, 帶有 2? 3 對(duì)芽節(jié)，其中 1 對(duì) 芽節(jié)埋入土中， 在 25C 條件下 ,3040d 生根 , 當(dāng)幼根由白變?yōu)辄S褐色時(shí)開(kāi)始移苗 栽植。嫩枝抨插在 78 月進(jìn)行，選當(dāng)年生的粗壯枝條，剪成 1 5cm 左右長(zhǎng)的插條 , 插入事先準(zhǔn)備好的苗床內(nèi)，并 適當(dāng)遮蔭，保持濕潤(rùn) ,50d 左右生根。若插前用 500 u g/g 的眄 I 味丁酸快速處理插穗，可 使抒插生根率達(dá) 80% 以上。抒插成活后，第 2 年春季移植。2 cutting propagation, available softwood cutting and har

14、dwood cuttings.Ding Xiangs hard branch cutting is a biennial branches to robust as cuttings,directly into the ground, causing it to take root and the formation of new thallus? Spring flowers are usually 1 months after clipping top cuttings, cuttings oflength 10 ? 1 5cm, with 2 ? 3 on the bud section

15、, 1 section of bud is buried inthe soil, in the condition of 25 C, 3040d rooting, started planting when transplanting roots from white to brow n. Softwood cutti ng was carried out in 7? 8 mon ths, selected the stout branches, cut into about 1 5cm long cuttings,insert a prepared seedbed, and the appr

16、opriate shade, moist, about 50Drooting. If the rapid processi ng of cuttings with I BA 500 p g/g before cutti ng,can make the Sone rate of more than 80%? The cutting survival after secondyear spring, transplantation.3?嫁接繁殖，嫁接可用芽接或枝接。芽接法:芽接可于78刀進(jìn)行，枝接則在 早春萌動(dòng)前進(jìn)行為好。嫁接所用砧木一般為女貞、水蠟、流蘇、丁香等。女貞砧 木萌芽容易，應(yīng) 隨時(shí)剪除

17、，否則數(shù)年后仍為女貞而非丁香。接穗要選用當(dāng)年生健壯 枝條上的飽滿葉芽 ,砧木 選用一至二年生丁香實(shí)生苗。嫁接時(shí)，接穗上的葉片要剪 掉，只留葉柄，然后在芽的上方 1 cm 處橫切 1 刀,再?gòu)难康南路?1.0 ? 1.5cm 處向上平削，將皮層內(nèi)的木質(zhì)部剝掉。把砧木 距地面 5cm 至 10cm 處橫切 1 刀，再?gòu)那锌谥虚g向下切長(zhǎng) 3cm 左右的立刀 ,使之呈字形 撚后輕輕地把皮剝開(kāi)，將 接穗插入字口內(nèi)，接穗與砧木要緊密對(duì)合，最后用塑料薄膜條捆綁 即可。芽接后 2? 3 周,如果接穗上的葉柄口然脫落，說(shuō)明芽已成活 ,這時(shí)可解除塑料條。 枝接法:一般在早春萌動(dòng)前進(jìn)行，接穗長(zhǎng)度為 8-1 0cm,

18、 帶 2 對(duì)芽節(jié)，將接穗下部?jī)?邊削成 斜面。砧木選用一至二年生丁香實(shí)生苗，在離地面 5-1 0cm 處切掉頂部 , 再?gòu)恼枘镜臄嗝?上垂直向下劈開(kāi) 1 條縫，然后將接穗插入。接穗的斜面與砧木耍 緊密吻合，用塑料條捆綁 好。為防止嫁接刀口處失水過(guò)多， 可用濕潤(rùn)的土埋上，待接穗上的芽萌動(dòng)后，去掉覆蓋的土。 也可秋、冬季采條，經(jīng)露地埋藏于翌春枝接，接穗 當(dāng)年可長(zhǎng)至 50 ? 80cm, 第 2 年萌動(dòng)前需 將枝干離地面30? 40cm 處短截，促其萌 發(fā)側(cè)枝?？拷臃?將丁香接穗與砧木，各削 1個(gè)相同大小的接口，將兩者緊密地捆 綁在一起。當(dāng)?shù)犊诋a(chǎn)生愈傷組織后，將砧木從接口上方lcm 處將頂枝剪掉，將

19、接 穗從接口下方 1 cm 處剪斷，使 Z 成為一個(gè)新的植物體3 grafting, budding or grafting grafting available ? The budding: grafting can be in 7 ? 8 months, grafting behavior of good progress in early spri ng. The rootstocks gen erally privet, wax, tassels, clove etc. Ligustrum rootstock sprout easily, should be cut off, othe

20、rwise the number of years still to privet in stead of clove ? Scion should choose the Hale branch of full buds, stock selection to a biennial clove seedlings. Grafting scion, blade to cut off, leaving only the petiole, and then in the above 1 cm crosscut bud 1 knife, from bud below 1? 0l ?5cm to fla

21、t cut, the cortex in the xylem of. The stock of 5cm from ground to 1 Ocm 1 cutting knife, then cut down from the middle cut length is about 3cm vertical knife, to form a T shape, and then gently pulling off the shell, the scion is inserted into the T word of mouth, scion and rootstock should closely

22、 together, fin ally, the plastic film strip bundle you can. 23 weeks after grafting, if petiole scions on fall off naturally, that bud has survived, then remove plastic strip. The grafting method: usually in the spring before germinating, scion length is 8-1 Ocm, with 2 on the two sides of the lower

23、 part of the scion bud, cut slope ? Stock chooses one to a lilac seedlings, from the ground 5-1 Ocm cut off the top, then from the rootstock section vertically split 1 slits, the scion is then in serted into the? The bevel and rootstock scion to fit together, bundied with plastic strips. In order to

24、 prevent graft incisions losing too much water, can be used wet soil, the scion of the budding, remove the cover soil. Also can fall, winter, the outdoor buried in the Yichun scion grafti ng, the year of up to 5080cm, sec ond years before germ in ating the branches from the ground3040cm stub, promot

25、e the germination of collateral. in arching: will DingXiang scion and rootstock, each cut 1 the same size of interface, the two areclosely tied together? When the blade callus, the stock from the in terface of 1cm above the top bra nches will be cut, the scion from ben eath the in terface of 1 cm cu

26、t, make it become a new plant.4 ?壓條繁殖，以 2 月進(jìn)行最好。將根際萌篥條壓入土中 , 若枝條太粗可刻傷后 再壓。 壓后保持土壤濕潤(rùn) ,2? 3 個(gè)丿可生根，當(dāng)年秋季即可隔離母株，另行栽植。The 4 layering, in February was the best ? The root suckering pressure into the earth, Wakaji Jota crude can cut pressure ? Keep the soil moist pressure, 23 mon ths can be rooted, autum n

27、can be isolated maternal plant, separately cultivated ?5 ?分株繁殖，一般在早春萌芽前或秋季落葉后進(jìn)行。將植株根際的萌篥苗帶根 掘出， 另行栽植，或?qū)⒄罩仓昃虺龇謪苍灾?。秋季分株需先假植，翌春移栽。栽?對(duì)地上枝條進(jìn) 行適當(dāng)修剪。5 ramets propagation, usually in early spring or autumn leaves? The plantrhizosphere sprouting seedling with root out, separately cultivated, or will the wh

28、ole pier plant dig clusteri ng plan ting ? Autum n ramets to heel, n ext spri ng tra nspla nting. Proper pruning of aboveground shoots before transplanting.三、適時(shí)移栽Three, timely transplanting丁香宜在早春芽萌動(dòng)前進(jìn)行移栽 , 栽植時(shí)，需帶上土坨，并適當(dāng)剪去部分枝條 , 栽植三至 四年生大苗，應(yīng)對(duì)地上枝干進(jìn)行強(qiáng)修剪，一般從離地面 30cm 處截干，翌 年即可開(kāi)岀繁茂的花來(lái)。株距 2? 3m, 還可根據(jù)配置耍求進(jìn)行

29、調(diào)整。栽植吋多選 二至三年生苗，栽植穴直徑 7080cm, 深 50 ? 60cm 。每穴施充分腐熟的有機(jī)肥 料 1kg 及骨粉 100600g, 與土壤充 分混合作基肥 , 基肥上面再蓋 1 層土,然后放 苗填土。Ding Xiangyi was in the early spring bud transplanting, before planting, take soil Tuo, and appropriate to cut off part of branches, three to four years planting seedlings, deal with the groun

30、d branches str ong prun ing, gen erally from the ground 30cm stem cutti ng can be ope ned, the lush flowers? Spacing of 2 ? 3m, also can be adjusted according to requirements. When planted more two to three years of seedlings, planting hole diameter 70? 80cm, depth5060cm ? Each was fully decomposed

31、organic fertilizer 1 kg and powder 100600g, fully mixed with the soil fertilizer, fertilizer top and then covered with 1 layer of soil, then the seedling soil.四、肥水管理Four, fertilizer and water management丁香對(duì)肥料耍求不高，切忌施肥過(guò)多，否則易引起徒長(zhǎng)，從而影響花芽形成，反 而使開(kāi) 花減少。 釀酒設(shè)備但在花后應(yīng)施些磷、 鉀肥及氮肥， 每株磷、鉀肥不超過(guò) 75g, 再加氮肥 25g 即可。若施用廄肥

32、或堆肥，需充分腐熟并與土壤均勻拌合，每 株施 500g 左右。一般每年 或隔年入冬前施 1 次腐熟的堆肥，即可補(bǔ)足土壤中的 養(yǎng)分。栽后灌足水，以后每隔 10d 澆 1 次水, 連續(xù)澆 35 次。每次澆水后都要松 土保埔，以利提高土溫 , 促進(jìn)新根迅速長(zhǎng)出。以 后每年春季，當(dāng)芽萌動(dòng)、開(kāi)花前后需 各澆 1 次透水，澆后立即屮耕保境。灌溉可依地區(qū)不 同而有別，華北地區(qū) ,4? 6 月 是丁香生長(zhǎng)吒盛并開(kāi)花的季節(jié)，每月要澆 2? 3 次透水,7 月以 后進(jìn)入雨季時(shí)，要注 意排水防澇。至 11 月中旬入冬前要灌足凍水。Ding Xiang does not have high requirements

33、on the fertilizer, avoid too much fertilizer, otherwise easily lead to excessive growth, thus affecting the flower bud formation, but the blossom reduction. But in the flowers should be applied more phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassiumfertilizer per plant does not exceed 75g, pl

34、us nitrogen fertilizer 25g? If theapplication of manure or compost, need to fully matured and soil mixing, each tree was about 500g ? General annual or biennial before winter Shi 1 compost, can complement the nutrient in soil. After planting, irrigation water, after 1 times of water every 1 Od casti

35、ng, continuous casting 35? Every time afterwatering to soil moisture, in order to improve the soil temperature, promoting the rapid growth of new root. After a year in the spring, when the bud, blossom before and after the water 1 times water, poured immediately after the cultivation conservation? A

36、ccording to different irrigation area is different, inNorth China, 4 ? 6 month clove vigorous growth and blossom seas on, a month to cast 23 permeable, July after enteri ng the rainy seas on, should pay atte ntion to drai nage ? Until the middle of November before winter to fill cold water.五、修剪Five, pruning 丁香的修剪一般在春季萌動(dòng)前進(jìn)行，主要剪除細(xì)弱枝、過(guò)密枝、枯枝及病枝 , 并合理保 留好更新枝。尼謝以后，如不留種，可將殘花連同花穗下部 2 個(gè)芽剪掉 , 同時(shí)疏除部分內(nèi)膛 過(guò)密枝條，太陽(yáng)能熱水工程有利通風(fēng)透光和樹形美觀，有利促 進(jìn)萌發(fā)新枝和形成花芽。防滲 膜價(jià)格落葉后可把病蟲枝、枯枝、纖細(xì)枝剪去，并 對(duì)交叉枝、徒長(zhǎng)枝、重疊枝、過(guò)密枝進(jìn)行 適當(dāng)短截，使枝條分布勻稱，保持樹冠圓 整，以利翌年生長(zhǎng)和開(kāi)花。Ding