地學詞匯對照

1、GIS英文詞匯翻譯Source text翻譯abscissa橫坐標absolute accuracy絕對精度absolute coordinates絕對坐標absorption吸收abstraction抽取accuracy精度across-track scanner跨徑掃描儀active remote sensing主動遙感Add Data添加數(shù)據(jù)address geocoding地址地理編碼address locator地址定位器address matching地址匹配Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer高級甚高分辨率輻射儀agreement li

2、censee協(xié)議被許可人air station航攝站alidade照準儀along-track scanner沿徑掃描儀alphanumeric grid字母數(shù)字網(wǎng)格anaglyph視差立體圖analog image模擬圖像analysis mask分析掩模anisotropy各向異性antipode對跖點apogee遠地點arc弧architecture架構(gòu)archive檔案argument參數(shù)arithmetic expression算術(shù)表達式aspatial data非空間數(shù)據(jù)aspect ratio縱橫比astrolabe星盤atlas grid地圖集網(wǎng)格atmospheric win

3、dow大氣窗口atomic clock原子鐘attenuation衰減authentication身份驗證author作者autocorrelation自相關(guān)automated cartography自動化制圖automation scale自動化比例autovectorization自動矢量化axis軸azimuthal projection方位投影backscatter后向散射band波段band ratio波段比band-pass filter帶通濾波器bandwidth帶寬bar scale比例尺 (圖形比例尺)base layer底層base station基站batch批量batc

4、h geocoding批量地理編碼batch processing批處理batch vectorization批量矢量化bathymetric curve等深線battleships grid戰(zhàn)艦網(wǎng)格Bayesian statistics貝葉斯統(tǒng)計bearing方位角Bézier curve貝塞爾曲線bilinear interpolation雙線性內(nèi)插法binding綁定binomial distribution二項式分布biogeography生物地理學blind digitizing盲目數(shù)字化block group街區(qū)群block kriging塊段克里金法bookmark書簽

5、boolean1.布爾數(shù)據(jù)類型; 2.布爾值Boolean operator布爾運算符boundary邊界boundary line界線boundary monument界標boundary survey邊界測量bounding rectangle邊界矩形Bowditch rule包狄法則break point斷點breakline斷裂線browser瀏覽器buffer area緩沖區(qū)business logic業(yè)務(wù)邏輯CAD計算機輔助設(shè)計(computer-aided design)cadastral survey地籍測量cadastre地籍calibration校準,定標callout l

6、ine標注線camera station攝站capacity容量cardinal point方位基點cardinality基數(shù)Cartesian coordinate system笛卡爾坐標系cartogram統(tǒng)計圖cartographer制圖員cartography制圖學cartouche地圖飾框catalog tree目錄樹catchment流域categorical raster類目柵格celestial sphere天球cell size柵格大小cells柵格cellular automaton元胞自動機census block人口普查區(qū)塊census geography人口普查地理學

7、center中心點centerline中心線centerpoint中點central meridian中央子午線centroid重心chart圖表chi-square statistic卡方統(tǒng)計choropleth map面量圖chroma色度chronometer天文鐘circle圓circular variance圓方差civilian code民用碼Clarke Belt克拉克帶Clarke ellipsoid克拉克橢球Clarke spheroid克拉克橢球面clearinghouse(信息或服務(wù))交換中心clinometric map坡度圖code-phase GPS碼相位 GPSc

8、ognitive map認知圖coincident重疊cokriging協(xié)同克里金法command命令command line命令行compass north羅經(jīng)北compass point羅經(jīng)點compass rose羅經(jīng)盤compass rule羅盤儀法則compression program壓縮程序computational geometry計算幾何學conformal projection等角投影,保角投影,正形投影conformality保形性conic projection圓錐投影conjoint boundary共同邊界constant azimuth恒定方位containmen

9、t包含Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata數(shù)字地理空間元數(shù)據(jù)的內(nèi)容標準continuous raster連續(xù)柵格contour等高線,等值線contour drawings等高線圖,等值線圖contour interval等高線間距,等值線間距contour line等高線,等值線contour tagging等高線標注,等值線標注contrast ratio對比度contrast stretch對比度擴展convergence angle收斂角conversion轉(zhuǎn)換convex hull凸包coordinate geometry坐

10、標幾何學coordinate system坐標系coordinated universal time協(xié)調(diào)世界時correlation相關(guān)corridor analysis走廊分析, 廊道分析county subdivision縣級分區(qū)covariance協(xié)方差coverage1.覆蓋面；2.ESRI圖層cracking裂化Crandall ruleCrandall 法則crop guide裁切參考線crop marks裁切標記cross correlation交叉相關(guān)cross covariance交叉協(xié)方差cross tabulation交叉表cross validation交叉驗證cros

11、s variogram交叉變差函數(shù)cubic convolution立方卷積插值法cultural feature人文要素cultural geography文化地理學curb approach路邊通道curve fitting曲線擬合customizations自定義cylindrical projection圓柱投影dangle length懸線長度dangle tolerance懸線容差dangling arc懸弧dasymetric mapping分區(qū)制圖（多用于人口數(shù)據(jù)）data management數(shù)據(jù)管理data table數(shù)據(jù)表dataset數(shù)據(jù)集datum基準DBMS數(shù)據(jù)庫管

12、理系統(tǒng)(data-base management system)dead reckoning航位推測法declination1.偏角;2.磁偏角degree slope坡度Delaunay triangulation德洛內(nèi)三角delimiter分隔符demography人口統(tǒng)計學densify增密densitometer密度計density slicing密度分割deploy部署或安裝（硬件、軟件等）depression contour洼地等高線depth contour等深線depth curve深度曲線descending node降交點desire-line analysis期望線分析d

13、esktop桌面desktop clients桌面客戶端Desktop GIS桌面 GISdestination目標determinate flow direction確定性流向deterministic model確定性模型detrending趨勢分離developable surface可展表面developer開發(fā)人員development environment開發(fā)環(huán)境diazo process重氮曬印法difference差異differential correction差分校正differential Global Positioning System差分全球定位系統(tǒng)diffusi

14、on擴散Digital elevation model數(shù)字高程模型Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard數(shù)字化地理信息交換標準Digital Geographic Information Working Group數(shù)字地理信息工作組digital image processing數(shù)字圖像處理digital line graph數(shù)字線劃圖digital nautical chart數(shù)字海圖digital number數(shù)值digital orthophoto quadrangle數(shù)字正射影像圖digital orthophoto quart

15、er quadrangle數(shù)字正射影像象限圖digital raster graphic數(shù)字柵格圖digital terrain elevation data數(shù)字地形高程數(shù)據(jù)digital terrain model數(shù)字地形模型digitizer數(shù)字化儀Dijkstras algorithm狄捷斯特拉算法dilution of precision精度衰減因子dimension尺寸，維，維度directed network flow有向網(wǎng)絡(luò)流direction方向Dirichlet tessellation荻瑞斯萊特鑲嵌，荻瑞斯萊特剖分discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)discrete data離散數(shù)據(jù)di

16、screte digitizing離散數(shù)字化discrete raster離散柵格數(shù)據(jù)displacement位移display scale顯示比例display unit顯示單位dissemination擴散,傳播distance距離distance decay距離衰減distance unit距離單位distortion變形district地區(qū)dithering抖動diurnal arc周日弧docking?？緿oppler shift多普勒位移Doppler-aided GPS多普勒輔助 GPSdot density map點密度圖dot distribution map點分布圖doub

17、le precision雙精度double-coordinate precision雙坐標精度Douglas-Peucker algorithm道格拉斯-普克算法downstream下游drafting描繪draping疊加，披蓋drift漂移drive-time area駕車時間區(qū)drop-down list下拉列表drum scanner鼓式掃描儀Dual Independent Map Encoding雙重獨立坐標地圖編碼dynamic zoom動態(tài)縮放easting東距eccentricity偏心率ecliptic黃道edge邊edgematching邊緣匹配elastic trans

18、formation彈性變形electromagnetic spectrum電磁光譜electronic atlas電子地圖集electronic navigational chart電子航海圖element元素elevation guide高程指南ellipsoid橢球體ellipticity橢圓率end offset末端偏移endpoint端點enterprise GIS企業(yè)級 GISentity objects實體對象envelope包絡(luò)矩形environmental model環(huán)境模型ephemeris星歷表equal competition area平等競爭區(qū)equal-area cl

19、assification等積分類equal-area projection等積投影equal-interval classification等距分類equatorial plane赤道面equidistant projection等距投影ESRI DataESRI 數(shù)據(jù)event事件exponent指數(shù)export導出exposure station攝站expression表達式extended擴展extent范圍extrapolation外插法extrude拉伸extrusion拉伸face平面false easting東移假定值false northing北移假定值feature要素Fed

20、eral Geographic Data Committee美國聯(lián)邦地理數(shù)據(jù)委員會field字段fill填充fillet圓角filter過濾器，過濾flow direction流向flow map流向圖focal analysis鄰域分析focal functions鄰域函數(shù)form地形，形式fractal分形framework框架frequency頻率from-node起點Full Extent完整范圍fuzzy boundary模糊邊界fuzzy classification模糊分類fuzzy set模糊集合fuzzy tolerance模糊容差Gauss-Krüger proj

21、ection高斯-克呂格投影generalization概化，（數(shù)據(jù)庫或地圖的）綜合技術(shù)geocentric coordinate system地心坐標系geocode地理編碼geocoding地理編碼geocomputation地理計算geodata地理數(shù)據(jù)geodatabase地理數(shù)據(jù)庫geodatabase data model地理數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)模型geodataset地理數(shù)據(jù)集geodesic測地線geodetic測地學geographic coordinate system地理坐標系geographic information science地理信息學Geographic Informa

22、tion System (GIS)地理信息系統(tǒng) (GIS)geography地理學geography level地理等級Geography Markup Language地理標記語言geoid大地水準面geoid-ellipsoid separation大地水準面-地球橢球面分離geolocation幾何定位geometric coincidence幾何重疊geometric correction幾何校正geometric dilution of precision幾何精度衰減因子geometric network幾何網(wǎng)絡(luò)geometric transformation幾何變換geometry

23、幾何學geomorphology地貌學geoprocessing地理處理georectification地理校正georeference地理參考georeferencing地理參考georelational data model地理相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)模型geospatial data地理空間數(shù)據(jù)geospatial data clearinghouse地理空間數(shù)據(jù)交換中心geospatial technology地理空間技術(shù)geospecific model地學相關(guān)模型geostationary對地靜止geostatistics地理統(tǒng)計學geosynchronous對地同步geotypical mode

24、l典型地理模型GIS地理信息系統(tǒng)GIScience地理信息學Global Navigation Satellite System全球衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)Global Positioning System全球定位系統(tǒng)global spatial data infrastructure全球空間數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)glyph字形gnomonic projection日晷投影Go to XY轉(zhuǎn)至 XYGPS全球定位系統(tǒng)grad梯度 (原英文單詞可能有誤)gradian梯度gradient坡度，斜率graticule經(jīng)緯網(wǎng)gravimeter重力計gravimetric geodesy大地重力學gravity mode

25、l引力模型gray scale灰度great circle大圓Greenwich mean time格林尼治標準時間Greenwich meridian格林尼治子午線grid網(wǎng)格grid cell網(wǎng)格單元ground大地,地面GUIGUI (圖形用戶界面)hachure暈渲線Hamiltonian circuit漢密爾頓回路Hamiltonian path漢密爾頓路徑height高度Helmert transformation線性正形變換hemisphere半球heuristic試探算法，試探函數(shù)hexadecimal十六進制High Accuracy Reference Network高精度

26、基準網(wǎng)High Precision Geodetic Network高精度大地基準網(wǎng)hillshading坡面陰影，暈渲histogram equalization直方圖均衡化hole孔洞horizontal geodetic datum水平大地基準human geography人文地理學hydrography水文地理學hydrologic cycle水循環(huán)hydrology水文學hyperlink超鏈接hypsography測高學，地勢圖hypsometric curve等高線hypsometric map地勢圖hypsometry測高法Identify識別identity link一致性鏈

27、接illumination照度image coordinate圖像坐標image data圖像數(shù)據(jù)image division圖像除法運算image scale圖像比例尺image space圖像空間imager成像儀impedance阻抗import導入IMSIMS (網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖服務(wù)器,Internet Map Server)incident energy入射能量index索引index map索引圖infrared scanner紅外掃描儀infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施inset map插圖instance實例instantiation實例化integer data整數(shù)型數(shù)據(jù)integ

28、ration集成intensity亮度interactive vectorization交互矢量化interchange format交換格式interferogram干涉圖intermediate data中間數(shù)據(jù)international date line國際日期變更線international meridian國際子午線International Organization for Standardization國際標準化組織interpolation內(nèi)插法interrupted projection分瓣投影intrinsic stationarity內(nèi)在穩(wěn)態(tài)inverse distan

29、ce weighted interpolation反距離加權(quán)內(nèi)插法irregular triangular mesh不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)irregular triangular surface model不規(guī)則三角面模型isanomal等地平isarithm等數(shù)線isobar等壓線isochrone等時線isohyet等雨量線isolines等值線isometric line等容線isopleth等值線isotherm等溫線isotropy無向性iteration迭代iterative procedure迭代過程jaggies鋸齒Jenks optimization詹克斯優(yōu)化joint operati

30、ons graphic聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)地圖junction element交點元素kernel內(nèi)核key identifier主標識符kinematic positioning動態(tài)定位knockout分離區(qū) (信號或通訊的中斷)known point已知點Kohonen map柯霍南圖kriging克里金法label標簽labeling標注lag間隔land cover土地覆蓋land information system土地信息系統(tǒng)land use土地利用landform地形landmark地標Landsat陸地衛(wèi)星landscape ecology景觀生態(tài)學large scale大比例尺latti

31、ce點陣面layers層layout布局least squares最小二乘法level水平leveling水平測量library類庫license許可證license agreement許可協(xié)議licensee被許可人lidar激光雷達line線line feature線要素line of sight視線line simplification線條簡化line smoothing線條平滑linear dimension線性尺寸linear feature線性要素linear interpolation線性內(nèi)插法linear referencing線性參考 (用于交通GIS)linear unit

32、線性單位localization本地化location query位置查詢location-allocation位置分配location-based services基于位置的服務(wù)logarithm對數(shù)logical network邏輯網(wǎng)絡(luò)loop traverse閉合導線loxodrome恒向線magnetic bearing磁方位magnetometer磁力計majority resampling多數(shù)重新采樣map algebra地圖代數(shù)map collar地圖邊緣map display地圖顯示map document地圖文檔map element地圖元素map extent地圖范圍map

33、 feature地圖要素map generalization地圖概化,地圖綜合map projection地圖投影map query地圖查詢map reading地圖閱讀map scale地圖比例尺map series地圖系列map service地圖服務(wù)map sheet地圖map style地圖風格map unit地圖單位mapping制圖mask掩模mass point散點mathematical operator數(shù)學運算符matrix矩陣mean center平均中心mean sea level平均海平面mean stationarity平均穩(wěn)態(tài)Measure測量measure val

34、ue測量值measurement residual測量殘差median中間數(shù)median center平均中心mental map意境圖meridian子午線metadata元數(shù)據(jù)metropolitan statistical area大都市統(tǒng)計區(qū)microdensitometer測微密度計micrometer1.測微計; 2.微米minimum bounding rectangle最小邊界矩形minimum map unit最小地圖單位minor axis短軸misclosure閉合差Mitigation減輕mobile clients移動客戶端Mobile GIS移動 GISmodel模

35、型monument標石morphology形態(tài)學mosaic鑲嵌圖mud pit泥漿池multichannel receiver多頻道接收器multidimensional data多維數(shù)據(jù)multipart feature多部分要素multipatch feature帶紋理要素multiplexing channel receiver多路復用頻道接收器multipoint feature多點要素multispectral scanner多光譜掃描儀multivariate analysis多元分析My Places我的位置National Spatial Data Infrastructur

36、e美國國家空間數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施natural breaks classification自然分類navigation導航NavstarNavstar (美國國防部全球定位系統(tǒng)聯(lián)合服務(wù)項目)neighborhood statistics鄰域統(tǒng)計networked聯(lián)網(wǎng)node節(jié)點noncoterminous polygon非相連多邊形nonversioned非版本normal distribution正態(tài)分布normal probability distribution正態(tài)概率分布northing北距oblate ellipsoid扁橢球體oblate spheroid扁橢球面offset偏移oill

37、 spill溢油 (原文oill 應為Oil)Online GIS在線 GISOpen Geodata Interoperability Specification開放地理空間數(shù)據(jù)互操作規(guī)范Open Geospatial Consortium開放地理空間協(xié)會open traverse不閉合導線OpenGIS ConsortiumOpenGIS 協(xié)會OpenLSOpenLS (OpenGIS所包含的Open Location Service)operand運算數(shù)operator運算符optical center光學中心ordinal data序數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)ordinary kriging普通克里金法o

38、rdinate縱坐標Ordnance Survey英國陸地測量局orientation方向origin point原點orthogonal offset正交偏移orthographic正交orthomorphic正形orthophoto正射影像orthophotograph正射影像orthophotoquad無等高線正射影像orthophotoscope正射投影儀orthorectification正射校正outlier異常值outline vectorization輪廓矢量化output data輸出數(shù)據(jù)overlay重疊overprinting套印overview map總覽圖pan平移p

39、anchromatic sharpening全色銳化parallax bar視差尺parameter參數(shù)parametric curve參數(shù)曲線passive remote sensing被動遙感passive sensors被動傳感器path路徑pathfinding路徑搜尋peak山峰percent slope斜率perigee近地點persistence持久性photogeology攝影地質(zhì)學photogrammetry攝影測量學photomap攝影地圖photometer光度計physical geography自然地理學pit洼地，山谷placement放置planar coordi

40、nate system平面坐標系planar enforcement平面強化planarize平面化plane平面planimetric map平面圖planimetric shift平面位移platform平臺plot繪圖plotter繪圖儀plumb line鉛垂線point點point digitizing點數(shù)字化point event點事件point feature點要素point line點線point mode digitizing點模式數(shù)字化point size點大小point-in-polygon overlay多邊形內(nèi)點重疊polar aspect極方位坡向polar fla

41、ttening極向扁率polar orbit極軌道polar radius極半徑policy and management政策與管理polygon overlay多邊形重疊polyhedron多面體polyline折線position位置postal code郵政編碼precision code精確碼prime meridian本初子午線prime vertical東西圈probability map概率圖profile graph剖面圖projected coordinate system投影坐標系projective transformation射影變換prolate ellipsoid長

42、橢球體property屬性proximity analysis鄰近分析proximity query鄰近分析pseudo node偽節(jié)點pseudo-random number偽隨機數(shù)Public Land Survey System美國公共土地測量系統(tǒng)pyramid金字塔QQ plotQQ 圖quadrangle maps梯形圖幅quadrant象限quadrat analysis樣方分析quadtree四叉樹quantile分位數(shù)quantile classification分位數(shù)分類quantile scatter chart分位數(shù)散點圖quantitative data數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)quan

43、titative geography數(shù)量地理學query查詢radar altimeter雷達測高計radar interferometry雷達干涉測量radian弧度radiation輻射radio button單選按鈕radio waves無線電波radiometer輻射計radiometric輻射測量radius半徑random noise隨機噪聲range范圍,距離range domain范圍域,距離域raster柵格raster band柵格層raster cell柵格單元raster data model柵格數(shù)據(jù)模型raster dataset band柵格數(shù)據(jù)層raster mo

44、del柵格模型raster preprocessing柵格預處理raster snapping柵格貼齊raster tracing柵格跟蹤rasterization柵格化ratioing比值法ray tracing光線跟蹤RDBMS關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)reclassification重分類record記錄record selector記錄選擇器rectangular survey矩形測量rectification校正rectilinear直線,縱橫線redistricting重新區(qū)劃reference data參考數(shù)據(jù)reference grid參考網(wǎng)格reference level基準面ref

45、erence map基準圖reference spheroid參考橢球面reference system參考系統(tǒng)referential integrity參照完整性reflectance反射率reflected back反射region地區(qū)，區(qū)域regression回歸relational join關(guān)系結(jié)合relational operator關(guān)系運算符relationship關(guān)系relative accuracy相對精度relative bearing相對方位relative mode相對模式relative path相對路徑Release of hazardous liquids有害液體的

46、泄漏relief efforts救助relief shading地貌暈渲remote-sensing imagery遙感圖像replaced hachuring替代暈渲法replication復制representation表示法，表現(xiàn)representative fraction數(shù)字比例尺reprojection重新投影resampling重采樣residuals殘差resolution merging分辨率融合restriction限制reverse geocoding反地理編碼rhumb line恒向線ring圓環(huán)ring study圓環(huán)分析river addressing河道尋址rot

47、ation旋轉(zhuǎn)route路線row行R-treeR 樹satellite image衛(wèi)星圖像satellite imagery衛(wèi)星圖像saturation飽和度scalable可伸縮scale bar比例尺scale factor比例系數(shù)scale range比例尺范圍scatter chart散點圖scene場景,景(衛(wèi)星圖像單位)schema架構(gòu)seamless pan無縫平移secant projection正割投影section弧段segment線段self-organizing map自組織影射圖semantics語義semimajor axis半長軸semiminor axis半短

48、軸semivariogram半變差函數(shù)sensitivity analysis敏感度分析sensor傳感器sequence序列sequential analysis順序分析serialization序列化Server GIS服務(wù)器 GISsextant六分儀shaded relief image暈渲地貌圖shaded relief map暈渲地貌圖shading暈渲shape形狀shapefile形狀文件(ESRI數(shù)據(jù)格式)shield盾牌,(地質(zhì)學)地盾shift位移shortcuts快捷方式short-range variation短程變化signal信號signal-to-noise r

49、atio信噪比signature特征significance level顯著性水平sill基臺simple kriging簡單克里金法simultaneous conveyance同時傳達sink端點，匯點site prospecting選址分析slope坡度smooth平滑snapping tolerance捕捉容差soil土壤sonar聲納soundex語音編碼算法source起點，源點source data源數(shù)據(jù)space coordinate system空間坐標系spaghetti data無位相數(shù)據(jù)spaghetti digitizing無位相數(shù)字化spatial analysis空間分析s