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1、翻譯部分英文原文Status and optimization of warehousing and logistics in ChinaAbstract: Storage is an important part of the modern logistics, which plays a vital role in the logistics system, and it is also the focus of research and firms planning. Reasonable and efficient storage can help companies accelera

2、te the speed of material flow, reduce costs, protect the smooth production, and achieve efficient resource control and management. Warehousing has experienced different historical periods and stages, from the original artificial storage warehouse to the present intelligence warehouse. The storage ef

3、ficiency has been greatly enhanced through a variety of tech support on the storage. This thesis introduces the developing process of the storage, analyzes the development of the present storage industry and the existing problems, and proposes solutions. Keywords: logistics; warehouse; warehouse

4、0;management; automatic warehouse of high level       Storage appears ever since there is production. It is an important part of the production, and develops along with the production, and has experienced different stages in the process of its development. With the rise

5、 of China's manufacturing industry, logistics industry has developed rapidly. At the same time, storage has attracted more and more vendors and the community's attention, which greatly improved and gradually perfected the research on the theory of storage, and thus became an independent subj

6、ect.The development process of storage:Manual and mechanized storage phase     The transportation, storage, management and control of the material in this phrase mainly realizes through the artificial and auxiliary machinery. Through various materials can transport vehicles, conv

7、eyor, industrial robots, cranes, stacker and lift to move and handling, trays and removable shelves by artificial material storage shelves, with access to operate machinery equipment limit switches, spiral mechanical braking and mechanical equipment to monitor control operation. Mechanic satisfies p

8、eople's requirement of speed, precision, height, weight, repeat access and handling, etc. The real-time and intuition are obvious advantages.   Automation Warehouse Stage     Automation technology has played an important role in promoting the storage technology and

9、its development. The late 70s of last century, the Automated Guided Vehicle (AVG), automatic shelf, automatic access to robots, automatic identification and automatic sorting systems have been developed and adopted. Until the 70s, spin-bodied shelves, mobile shelves, tunnel-type stackers and other h

10、andling equipment, have joined the ranks of automation, but only a partial automation of the various devices and their respective stand-alone applications, are called “Automation Island”.With the development of computer technology, the focus has turned to the control and management of materials, by

11、requiring real-time, coordination and integration. Information can be collected timely between computers, data collection points the machinery and equipment controller, and between the communication of them and the host computers. Storage computers record the ordering and arrival time in time and di

12、splay inventory so that planning workers can make sourcing decisions appropriately and management personnel keep abreast of supply and demand.    Application of information technology has become an important pillar of storage technology. To the late 70s of last century, automation tec

13、hnology has been increasingly applied to the field of production and distribution. "Islands of automation" needs integration, so they formed an "integrated system" concept. In this integrated system, the entire system of organic collaboration, so that the overall efficiency and r

14、esilience of production greatly exceeds the sum of all parts of the independent effectiveness. Integrated storage technology as computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS-Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) material is stored in the center of attention has been paid, in an integrated syste

15、m to include in the people, equipment and control systems.        Intelligent Storage phase    the scientists has continued to study to realize the integration with other information decision-making system on the basis of warehouse automati

16、on, towards the direction of the development of artificial intelligence and fuzzy control, and the intelligent storage promotes the development of storage technology. Intelligent storage technology is now in the initial stages of development in the 21st century and will have broad application prospe

17、cts. In the early 70s of last century, China began to study the use of tunnel-type stacking machine warehouse. In 1980, it from Beijing Machinery Industry Research Institute of Automation and other units built China's first automated warehouse in the Beijing Automobile Works production. Since th

18、en, three-dimensional warehouse in China has been rapid development.        According to incomplete statistics, China has built three-dimensional warehouse, 300, of which three-dimensional automatic warehouse has more than 50 seats, of which 12 meters above the hei

19、ght of a large warehouse has eight of these automated warehouses mainly concentrated in the tobacco, medicine and health care products, food, communications and information, furniture manufacturing, machinery manufacturing industry, the traditional strengths. On this basis, the warehouse of our rese

20、arch toward intelligent direction, but at present China is still in the promotion and application of automated warehousing phases.          The advantages and disadvantages of automated warehousing          The

21、 advantages of automated warehousing     Three-dimensional automated warehouse, automated warehouse full use of space is a modern warehousing is an important component of multi-layer storage of goods, overhead storage system that can reach more than 30 meters high and have to be

22、elevated to set different types: high-level ( greater than 12 m), middle (5-12 m), low-rise (5 meters). This is compared with the flat base can save nearly 70% of the area.    Mechanization, automation, warehouse management to improve the level of automated warehouse system consists o

23、f shelves, stacking machine, a storage conveyor, automatic control system and management information systems, etc., and can be done automatically in accordance with instructions to access goods, jobs, and to automate the warehouse management of goods, so that material handling storage and more reaso

24、nable. As a result of shelf storage, combined with computer management, you can easily achieve the first-in first-out, hair Chen Chu of new goods entering and leaving the principles of prevention of natural aging, deterioration, rust and other phenomenon.     To reduce reliance o

25、n artificial demand, especially in a special storage environment to reduce human resource costs due to use of automation technology, automated storage and can adapt to the dark, toxic, low temperature, and other special occasions needs.         The inherent di

26、sadvantages of automated warehousing  Investment is large, long construction period; the main body of automated warehouse is composed of automated warehouses. The basic components of automated warehouses, including: buildings, shelves, cargo handling areas, management areas, stacking machines,

27、ancillary machinery and associated management systems and information systems. These hardware and software needs a high capital investment and installation of construction costs, for the automated warehouse construction project to conduct evaluation and design, including the need for assessment, tec

28、hnology assessment, systems development, sensitivity analysis. This requires 3-5 years of past and future in warehouse throughput, storage capacity, and the types of orders for goods, factor analysis, but also for performance evaluation and selection of equipment, which requires a very long period o

29、f time and a great manpower, material resources and time invested.     Throughput of materials and types of fixation, lack of flexibility when an automated warehouse building according to plan after the completion of the type of warehouse, material throughput and storage capacity

30、 of the fixed off time if the external factors have a sudden change, warehouse its change does not have a strong ability to adapt and change, that is, lack of flexibility.     Optimization strategy of China's warehousing industry        

31、;The status quo of China's warehousing industry     At present the use of automated warehouse in China the main problems is the low utilization rate, the effect is not obvious, the scale of uncertainty, advantage is not prominent, so that idle resources, many library field, e

32、specially in small quantities for some products manufacturing enterprises in a single warehouse automation, library market facilities and equipment resources to idle and repeat the configuration contradiction.      Investigated mainly due to the following aspects:Warehouse constr

33、uction and planning did not do a good job of full investigation and analysis of which makes automated warehouse in the building before the design and planning, there are significant decision-making problems. In order to automate the automation, there is no necessity to conduct its research and analy

34、sis, was found in the building after the completion of the actual utilization of the requirements for the automation of low utilization rate of very small.     Improving warehouse operations mechanization and automation of thinking and understanding due to lack of sufficient unde

35、rstanding of the reluctance to use with the equipment, ideas, still at the manual tasks based on the new automated warehouse for a lack of confidence, and not the automation of storage on a an important position, thereby giving up in terms of ideology the study of automated storage and use. 

36、60;   Due to external factors and changes in circumstances send and receive mission changes, changes in work volume, changes in the type of goods, but the warehouse equipment and management systems do not follow the changes and upgrades, over time loses its original market, warehouse in a

37、idle state.    Do not pay attention to the quality of personnel keep up with machine operators and maintenance personnel training, and maybe operation and maintenance personnel will lack, so that existing equipment could not play its due role. In the new warehouse design does not

38、 consider the follow-up maintenance and development, we must limits the use of equipment, automation levels. After installation, some system failure damaged, accessories and after-sales service can not keep up, maintenance is extremely difficult.    Actively respond to the measures

39、60;    Because of these problems as a direct result of the automated warehouse and a large number of low frequency of use of idle resources, it should take positive measures to deal with changing the existing situation. Make an inventory of assets, full use of existing equipment, deve

40、lopment of idle resources and revitalize the inventory, improve equipment utilization, the logistics industry in the process of transformation of operational mechanisms to improve economic efficiency is an important measure. Put idle resources to the full open market place, breaking the boundaries o

41、f industry and administrative regions, so that the market resources in an effective and reasonable configuration. Issued the relevant policies to encourage professional bodies operating idle equipment, extended device information communication channels, enhance information service means. Paid throug

42、h the normal channels, transfer, sell, lease, exchange with idle equipment.       As far as possible the sharing of resources and prevent unnecessary waste of resources, research and promotion of modern logistics management and mode of operation, so that the production proce

43、ss and automated warehouse technologies to improve the speed of internal logistics. The use of network technology to conduct e-commerce, the means to achieve modernization of the logistics and organizational networks, and make full use of external-related industries, the enterprise's resources,

44、truly large-scale logistics operations, resource sharing, risk sharing with manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers joint construction and use of automated storage facility for inventory providers, distributors, transportation providers, transit providers, distribution and processing base and its own

45、logistics base of the back-up. Provide third-party logistics services for the community to form a complete logistics and distribution system. Completed in the shortest time in any area (including international) logistics tasks, and logistics cost is reasonable, as far as possible lateral joint, open

46、 their own logistics resources, improve market share.     Comprehensively improve staff quality, improve the management mechanism of automated warehouses, logistics equipment to achieve efficient utilization of the need for compatible logistics environment and scientific manageme

47、nt, which are required to have high-quality talent. The lack of practical experience in the current circumstances, it may adopt a "going out, please come in" approach, to the developed countries, study visits, please professionals or college teachers describe their experiences, impart know

48、ledge, to do classes, etc., or in technical institutions recruit Logistics professional and technical talents, as soon as possible to resolve the lack of operators and maintenance personnel situation. Do the work of digestion and absorption so that the localization as soon as possible to meet the ma

49、rket needs.     Automated warehousing of goods in circulation is the key unit, responsible for an important role in the developed countries "building a database has to build automated warehouses," has become a necessity. China's economy has been gradually integrated

50、 into the world economy and become a global processing base. However, at present, China's overall situation automated three-dimensional database market oversupply, and the generally low margins. Automatic three-dimensional database is required for processing enterprises equipped with second-or t

51、hird-line, in the long run, which presents tremendous business opportunities. As the scale of processing enterprises to expand and strengthen investor confidence, automated three-dimensional database is bound to be widely used.           Storage Indu

52、stry Development Trend     With the development of modern industrial production, flexible manufacturing systems (Flexible Manufacturing Systems), computer integrated manufacturing system (Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems) and factory automation (Factory Automation) to th

53、e high demand for automated warehousing, transportation warehousing technology need to be more reliable and more real-time information, factories and warehouses in the logistics must be accompanied by a parallel flow of information.     RF data communications, bar code technology

54、, scanning technology and data collection more and more used in warehouse stacker machines, automatic guided vehicles and conveyors and other transportation equipment, mobile robots and as a flexible logistics tool in flexible production, storage and product delivery in an increasingly play an impor

55、tant role. To achieve the system flexible, using a flexible circuit transmission equipment and logistics to achieve automation of logistics and warehousing trends.     Artificial intelligence technology will promote the development of automated warehouse technology to a higher st

56、age, the direction of intelligent automation, intelligent automation of logistics in the stage of production planning is made, and automatic generation of materials and manpower requirements, view inventory lists and purchase orders, planning and completion of logistics. If the material is not suffi

57、cient to meet production requirements, the system will automatically recommend revised plan in order to produce equivalent products. This system is integrated into the logistics of artificial intelligence systems.     At present, the basic principles of intelligent storage system

58、s have been gradually achieved in a number of practical logistics systems. It can be predicted that the 21st century intelligent storage technology will have broad application prospects.         References:     1 Li.Warehouse. Management. C

59、hina Railway Press, 1987 2 Lee. Automated device and its application M. Mechanical Industry Press, 1985     4 QI Er-shi, Zhou Gang. Logistics Engineering M. Tianjin University Press, 2005 中文譯文我國(guó)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物流現(xiàn)狀及其優(yōu)化內(nèi)容摘要：倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)是現(xiàn)代物流的一個(gè)重要組成部分，在物流系統(tǒng)中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，是廠商研究和規(guī)劃的重點(diǎn)。高效合理的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)可以幫助廠商加快物資流動(dòng)的速度，降低成

60、本，保障生產(chǎn)的順利進(jìn)行，并可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)資源有效控制和管理。倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了不同的歷史時(shí)期和階段，從原始的人工倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)到現(xiàn)在的智能倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)，通過(guò)各種高新技術(shù)對(duì)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的支持，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的效率得到了大幅度的提高。本文介紹了倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的發(fā)展歷程，分析了我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和其中存在的問(wèn)題，并提出了解決方法。關(guān)鍵詞 ：物流 ；倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)； 自動(dòng)化高層倉(cāng)庫(kù) ；倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理自從有了生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)就出現(xiàn)了，它是生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的一個(gè)重要組成部分，并隨著生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展，在其發(fā)展的過(guò)程中經(jīng)歷了不同的階段。隨著我國(guó)制造業(yè)的崛起，物流業(yè)也得到了迅猛的發(fā)展，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)越來(lái)越受到廠商和社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注，大大促進(jìn)了人們對(duì)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)

61、理論的研究，使其逐步發(fā)展完善，從而成為一門獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的發(fā)展過(guò)程：人工和機(jī)械化的倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)階段 這階段物資的輸送、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、管理、控制主要是依靠人工及輔助機(jī)械來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。物料可以通過(guò)各種各樣的傳送帶、工業(yè)輸送車、機(jī)械手、吊車、堆垛機(jī)和升降機(jī)來(lái)移動(dòng)和搬運(yùn)，用貨架托盤和可移動(dòng)貨架存儲(chǔ)物料，通過(guò)人工操作機(jī)械存取設(shè)備，用限位開(kāi)關(guān)、螺旋機(jī)械制動(dòng)和機(jī)械監(jiān)視器等控制設(shè)備來(lái)運(yùn)行。機(jī)械化滿足了人們對(duì)速度、精度、高度、重量、重復(fù)存取和搬運(yùn)等方面的要求，其實(shí)時(shí)性和直觀性是明顯優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 自動(dòng)化倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)階段 自動(dòng)化技術(shù)對(duì)倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)技術(shù)和發(fā)展起了重要的促進(jìn)作用。上世紀(jì)50年代末開(kāi)始，相繼研制和采用了自

62、動(dòng)導(dǎo)引小車（AVG ）、自動(dòng)貨架、自動(dòng)存取機(jī)器人、自動(dòng)識(shí)別和自動(dòng)分揀等系統(tǒng)。到上世紀(jì)70年代，旋轉(zhuǎn)體式貨架、移動(dòng)式貨架、巷道式堆垛機(jī)和其他搬運(yùn)設(shè)備都加入了自動(dòng)控制行列，但只是各個(gè)設(shè)備的局部自動(dòng)化并各自獨(dú)立應(yīng)用，被稱為“自動(dòng)化孤島”。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，工作重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向物資的控制和管理，要求實(shí)時(shí)、協(xié)調(diào)和一體化。計(jì)算機(jī)之間、數(shù)據(jù)采集點(diǎn)之間、機(jī)械設(shè)備的控制器之間以及它們與主計(jì)算機(jī)之間的通信可以及時(shí)的匯總信息，倉(cāng)庫(kù)計(jì)算機(jī)及時(shí)地記錄訂貨和到貨時(shí)間，顯示庫(kù)存量，計(jì)劃人員可以方便地做出供貨決策，管理人員隨時(shí)掌握貨源及需求。信息技術(shù)的應(yīng)用已成為倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)技術(shù)的重要支柱。到上世紀(jì)70年代末，自動(dòng)化技術(shù)被越來(lái)越多地應(yīng)用到生產(chǎn)和分配領(lǐng)域。 “自動(dòng)化孤島”需要集成化，于是便形成了“集成系統(tǒng)”的概念。在集成化系統(tǒng)中，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的有機(jī)協(xié)作，使總體效益和生產(chǎn)的應(yīng)變能力大大超過(guò)各部分獨(dú)立效益的總和。集成化倉(cāng)庫(kù)技術(shù)作為計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)中物資存儲(chǔ)的中心受到人們的重視，在集成化系統(tǒng)里包括了人、設(shè)備和控制系統(tǒng)。智能化倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)階段 在自動(dòng)化倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)研究，實(shí)現(xiàn)與其他信息決策系統(tǒng)