備戰(zhàn)中考丨第二十六講書面表達(dá)

1、備戰(zhàn)中考丨第二十六講書面表達(dá)英語寫作是中考英語試卷中的最后一道題。每年的作文命題內(nèi)容都是緊扣“新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”和“考試大綱”，注重基本知識和英語技能的考查，同時也注意了試題題干情境化和生活化設(shè)計，在考查學(xué)生所學(xué)知識的同時，更注重考查了學(xué)生的綜合運用英語語言的能力?？季V解讀課標(biāo)中的五級語言技能為：(1)能根據(jù)寫作要求，收集、準(zhǔn)備素材(2)能獨立起草短文、短信等，并在教師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行修改(3)能使用常見的連接詞表示順序和邏輯關(guān)系(4)能簡單描述人物或事物(5)能根據(jù)圖示或表格寫出簡單的段落或操作說明寫的技能考察學(xué)生以書面形式表達(dá)真實意義或信息傳遞的能力。學(xué)生能夠運用所學(xué)語言知識、較為恰當(dāng)?shù)貙λ煜さ闹?/p>

2、圍的人或物進(jìn)行簡單描述，就所熟悉的話題發(fā)表自己的意見和觀點等。能根據(jù)文字、圖片、圖表等信息提示，按要求寫出意思連貫、語言通順、符合邏輯的書面表達(dá)。評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在中考評分時，先跟據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。有些地區(qū)分四檔，有些地區(qū)分五檔，其實區(qū)別不大。以一份四檔評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為例。第一檔：（1513分）完全符合題目要求，觀點正確,要點齊全。句式多樣，詞匯豐富。語言準(zhǔn)確，語意連貫，表達(dá)清楚，具有邏輯性。  第二檔：（129分）基本符合題目要求，觀點正確，要點齊全。語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯基本滿足文章需要。語言基本通順，語意基本連貫，表達(dá)基本清楚。

3、雖然有少量語言錯誤，但不影響整體理解。第三檔：（85分）  部分內(nèi)容符合題目要求，要點不齊全。語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯錯誤較多，語言不通順，表達(dá)不夠清楚，影響整體理解。第四檔：（40分）  與題目有關(guān)內(nèi)容不多，只是簡單拼湊詞語，所寫內(nèi)容難以理解。1、對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，在“符合題目要求，觀點正確，要點齊全”方面，一檔要求“完全”，二檔就要求“基本”。要達(dá)到一檔文的要求，學(xué)生就要做到審題要準(zhǔn)，要點齊全；還要做到文章積極向上，不可出現(xiàn)反動或消極言論。2、第一檔中"句式多樣，詞匯豐富"與第二檔的"語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯基本滿足文章需要"不同，一類文要求更多的句式和詞匯

4、，應(yīng)避免句式的單一和詞匯的重復(fù)。3、一檔文中要求"語言準(zhǔn)確"，所謂的"準(zhǔn)確"，就是用正確合適的詞語表達(dá)想要表達(dá)的思想。需要學(xué)生有非常好的基礎(chǔ)功底才能達(dá)到。4、第一檔與第二檔的差別還在于"邏輯性"，意味著在句式、詞匯都相當(dāng)?shù)幕A(chǔ)上，避免雜亂無章，邏輯性強的文章得高分?？傊畷姹磉_(dá)題主要考察學(xué)生審題是否準(zhǔn)確，中心是否突出，邏輯思維是否嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句與句之間、段與段之間是否緊湊連貫，單詞是否拼寫正確，用詞是否得當(dāng)，句子是否符合語法規(guī)范等語言表達(dá)能力。導(dǎo)圖梳理 認(rèn)真審題五審：1) 審題目、圖畫、圖表或提綱等2) 審體裁

5、、人物、情節(jié)、時態(tài)、時間、地點等3) 審寫作內(nèi)容是寫人、敘事、介紹、評論、書信、日記還是通知等4) 審格式，日記，要注意年、月、日和天氣情況；書信，要注意書信的格式5)審字?jǐn)?shù)，不要低于規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)，也不要超過規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)太多擬定提綱三定1) 根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容設(shè)定段落2) 使用主要句型、關(guān)鍵詞擬定并列出要點3) 定好時態(tài)短文寫作提分技巧：1.避免使用漢語式英語，盡量使用自己熟悉的簡單句?？梢赃m當(dāng)使用陳述句、一般疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句，復(fù)合句以避免重復(fù)和呆板。（附錄1）2.描寫要生動具體，可以使用近義詞或不同的構(gòu)詞法體現(xiàn)豐富的的詞匯。例如：表達(dá)好不要只用g

6、ood，可以使用nice, great; 壞也不要只用bad, 可以使用terrible, awful.（附錄2）3. 上下文連貫，要有邏輯性。同學(xué)們應(yīng)把寫好的句子，根據(jù)故事情節(jié)，事情發(fā)生的先后次序（時間或空間），使用一些表示并列、遞進(jìn)等過渡詞進(jìn)行加工整理，使文章連貫流暢。（附錄3）4.不會表達(dá)，另辟蹊徑中考作文如遇到個別要點表達(dá)不出來或難以表達(dá)，可采用變通的辦法，化難為易，化繁為簡。總之，所造句子要正確、得體、符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。1) 迂回而行當(dāng)某些詞義不會表達(dá)時，可以想一個相似意義的詞或短語。這樣可有異曲同工之妙。2) 小詞大用漢語中有些語意看來很復(fù)雜，但在英語中可用一些常用詞表達(dá)。5. 書

7、寫工整，卷面整潔字跡要清晰，讓閱卷人看得清楚，不可字跡潦草，難以辨認(rèn)，要保持卷面的整潔。勿忘檢查中考作文時，由于時間緊、內(nèi)容多，同學(xué)們出錯在所難免。因此，改錯這一環(huán)節(jié)必不可少。中考作文評卷是根據(jù)要點、語言準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性來給分，根據(jù)錯誤多少來扣分。因此，中考時花幾分鐘時間用來檢查錯誤顯得尤為重要。檢查錯誤應(yīng)從以下幾個方面入手：(1) 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，動詞和形容詞詞形變化是否有錯。(2) 大小寫，拼寫有無錯誤。(3) 詞組搭配是否符合習(xí)慣。(4) 主謂是否一致，時態(tài)、語態(tài)是否錯誤。(5) 標(biāo)點錯誤。(6) 代詞介詞、冠詞是否用錯。(7) 句子少不少詞，多不多詞，是否用重復(fù)表達(dá)的意思附錄1：寫作

8、題目預(yù)測及適用句子環(huán)保1. It's our duty to protect the environment.2. We should not litter or throw trash around.3. We should not spit in a public place.4. We can pick up rubbish and throw it into a dustbin.5. Trees are very helpful and important for the environment.6. We shoul

9、d plant more trees.7. We could use bamboo chopsticks instead of wooden ones.8. As we know, water is very important to man and animals.9. We cant live without water.   10. Many rivers and lakes have been seriously polluted.11. Something must be done to stop the poll

10、ution.  12. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment， the world will become much more beautiful. 旅游1. Last Sunday（Saturday,.),it was sunny（rainy,windy,foggy,）2. I got up very early（late).After breakfast I went to.with my friends by bike,bus,.3. Last

11、summer,I went to Beijing for vacation.4. I visited a lot of places of interest.5. I saw many things and many people there.6. We enjoyed ourselves.7. We all felt very tired,but we were happy.8. I had a good time there.9.I bought a lot of things for my friends. 人物與興趣1.

12、60;He was born in London in 1982.2. He is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos.3. He is of medium build with short hair.4. He is 20 years old.5. He comes from England.  6. He is outgoing. Every one likes to talk with him. He gets on well with us.    7.

13、60;He likes football and he loves watching football games after work.8. He often plays football with friends on weekends.  9.He wants to be a football player.健康1. It is very important to keep healthy.2. We can't study or work well without healthy body.3. How can we keep

14、healthy？4. We can't go to sleep too late. We can't get up too late.5. We should eat healthy food.6. We should eat more vegetables and fruit.7. We should do more exercise.8. We should eat less junk food.9. If there is something wrong with our body, we should go t

15、o a doctor.10. We should have a good eating habit.11. We should try to keep happy and live a happy life學(xué)科與學(xué)習(xí)1. My favorite subject is English.2. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.3. It is used by travelers and businessmen all over

16、 the world.4. So English is very important and I like English very much.5. We have a lot of fun in the English class.6. Our English teacher often makes us happy in English class.7. I hope I can go abroad one day，and then I can speak to foreigners in English.8. I like English

17、 and I will try my best to learn it well.9. We could talk with others in English.10. We could listen to English tapes and watch English programs.11. we could often read English books.12. we should practice our writing skills.安全1. We should keep safety in mind.2. We

18、 need to eat healthily and safely.3. We cant play with fire at home.4. We shouldnt play on streets.5. We shouldnt cross the street until the traffic lights turn green.6. We mustnt swim in the river or in the lake, its dangerous.7. We should be careful of strangers.8. Wh

19、en we are in danger ,we must call the police.9. We should be careful when we make net friends10. When we meet a net friend, we should go with our parents.電腦/網(wǎng)絡(luò)/手機1. The computer/ The Internet / The mobile phone is becoming more and more popular and important.2. Every coin has two

20、 sides.3. We should make good use of it.    4. We can do lots of things with it   5. It makes our life easier and more colorful.6. We can learn a lot of things on it.7. We can communicate with others easily on it.8. Its convenient to shop online

21、.9. Its great fun to surf the Internet /to play games on it.10. There are some bad things on the Internet.11. It maybe get in the way of our study.   12. Its a waste of time to13. We cant concentrate on our study.感恩老師與父母1. I want to say thanks to 2. You a

22、re friendly to us and you get on well with us.3. You make your classes lively and interesting. 4. You are strict with me in my study and help me with my schoolwork.5. You helped me out when Im in trouble.6. You teach me how to be a good man.7. You work hard so that I ca

23、n receive a better education and live a better life.8. When I failed an exam, you encouraged me to be confident and keep trying.9. You have given me so much, not only in my study but also in my life.10. Thank you for your deep love.11. Thank you for all that you have done for me.

24、夢想與愿望1. Everyone has his dream.2. I want to be a when I grow up.3. I can achieve my dream by doing4. It's also important to learn from successful people .5. I will work hard to make my dream come true.6. I will hold on to my dream until it comes true one day.7. 

25、;I made a decision to do.8. I have made up my mind to 9. I am sure that my dream will come true.附錄2：生動具體的描述詞1) 外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, strong, weak, 等。2) 服飾顏色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown, black 等。3) 內(nèi)心境界：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested, unhappy

26、 等。4) 感情描寫：love, like, hate,  laugh, cry, smile, shout 等。5) 動作描寫：come, go, get, have, take, bring, carry 等。6) 數(shù)量描寫：many, much, few, little, seldom, a lot of, lots of, more than, over, less ,a  number of, plenty of, a couple of ,a pair of, all kinds of等。7) 好壞描寫： good, great, nice, wonderful, OK, not bad, amazing; bad, terrible, awful,  附錄3：過渡詞1) 表示并列關(guān)系的過渡詞：and, as well as, or 2) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的過渡詞：but, yet, however 3) 表示時間關(guān)系的過渡詞：first, second, third, and then, finally, after, before, at last, at that time, later, in the past, &#