2015年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題(第二套)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2015年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（第二套）Part IDirections:Writing (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 90 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to wr

2、ite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you

3、 hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Touch his heart. C) R

4、emind him of his life.B) Make him cry. D) Make him feel young.2. A) It makes him exciting. C) It catches his attention.B) It isnt very musical. D) It is hard for him to sing.3. A) He is good at singing operas. C) He can sing any song if he likes it.B) He enjoys complicated music. D) He loves country

5、 music in particular.4. A) Go to a bar and drink for horns. C) Go to see a performance in a concert hail.B) Go to an isolated place to sing blues. D) Go to work and wrap himself up in music.Conversation TwoQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he became an anno

6、uncer. C) How he makes his living.B) How he writes news stories. D) How he does his job.6. A) They write the first version of news stories. C) They polish incoming news stories.B) They gather news stories on the spot. D) They write comments on major news stories.7. A) Reading through the news storie

7、s in a given period of time.B) Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C) Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D) Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.8. A) It shows where advertisements come in. C) It alerts him to something important.B) It

8、gives a signal for him to slow down. D) It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choo

9、se the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It gives pleasure to both adults and children. C) It can be foun

10、d in many parts of the world.B) It is often carried around by small children. D) It was invented by an American Indian.10. A) They were made for earning a living.B) They were delicate geometric figures.C) They were small circus figures made of wire.D) They were collected by a number of museums.11. A

11、) In art.B) In geometry.C) In engineering.D) In circus performance.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B) It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C) It has a direct impact on the international oil market

12、.D) It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.13. A) It eventually turns into heat.B) It is used in a variety of forms.C) Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D) Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.14. A) When it is used in rural areas.B) When it is environment

13、-friendly.C) When it operates at near capacity.D) When it operates at regular times. 15. A) Traffic jams in cities.B) Inefficient use of energy.C) Fuel shortage.D) Global warming.Section CDirections: In this section. you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. The recor

14、dings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.16

15、. A) It is caused by stress from work or study.B) It has a great impact on peoples life.C) It results in some strange diseases nowadays.D) It gives people lots of trouble at work.17. A) Talk about it. C) Ignore it.B) Immerse ourselves in it. D) Shut it down.18. A) To release the negative emotion. C)

16、 To feel more comfortable.B) To relax ourselves. D) To have a short break.19. A) Looking down upon it. C) Giving it space and attention.B) Doing something else. D) Getting some amusement.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.20. A) Stand up for themselves. C) Contribute

17、 more to the company.B) Never laugh at their workmates. D) Get close to their bosses.21. A) They are indifferent to their employees.B) They focus on the finished projects.C) They dont know everybody in the company.D) They hate to see employees show off their work.22. A) People start repeating their

18、achievements.B) People ask for rewards for their achievements.C) People look down upon their colleagues.D) People attract the attention of their bosses on purpose.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.23. A) A primary school education and some secondary school.B) Basic

19、skills they need to escape from poverty.C) Governments and many donors? support.D) The skills necessary to operate a business.24. A) The skills in numeracy and the ability to read and write.B) A bridge between school and work.C) The completion of the first few years of schooling.D) A process of reme

20、mbering something by repeating it.25. A) Going to south of the Sahara Desert. C) Receiving training from skilled workers.B) Getting opportunities to learn through TV. D) Organizing system for women.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage wi

21、th ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on

22、 Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning flui

23、ds, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 26 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 27. The official policy, however, is still evolving. Hea

24、lth and environmental 28 have long urged U. S. government agencies to 29 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 30 the type and amount of lead that could be present in pain

25、t and soil in homes and child-care 31, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 32 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report. But the threshold for regulation is high. Because childrens brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grade

26、s, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, its tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 33 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 34 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues. Nonethel

27、ess, its smart to 35 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes cant hurt. .A) advocates B) compactC) correlation D) exercise E)

28、facilities F) interaction G) investigating H) overwhelmedI) particles J) permanent K) restrictedL) simulating M) statistical N) tightenO) vulnerable Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in

29、one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy TransitionsA Politician

30、s are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an air

31、craft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia (meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you cant turn something that

32、 large on a dime (10美分的硬幣), or even a few thousand dimes.B In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder

33、 (大圓石), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity. Momentum is said to be “conserved,” that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a l

34、ot of momentum that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring (possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy(動能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pres

35、sure to gradually alter his course.C But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we dont speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether its a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, bec

36、ause it makes them harder to stop or change direction.D One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白熾燈的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The

37、incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-sha

38、ped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.E But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted

39、 Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.F And there is more to th

40、e story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.G As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “general

41、ly, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications.” There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL compact Fluorescent(熒光的) light bulb, yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明設(shè)備) that houses it, along with the space in which both are insta

42、lled, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that

43、 lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced light source and luminaire and th

44、is is never an inexpensive proposition.H And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.I Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes hi our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are

45、 going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled peopl

46、e needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first (or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time. And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they

47、have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training pr

48、ograms, adding another layer of difficulty.J By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly i

49、nstallations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically b

50、etween 40 arid 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years! The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New Yorks Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.K As Vaclav Smil points out, “All

51、 the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner.”L When you

52、hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can

53、help you decide whether their plans are feasible.36. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.37. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.38. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.39

54、. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didnt succeed as expected.40. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.41. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.42. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doe

55、snt lie in light sources but in their applications.43. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.44. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.45. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics o

56、f energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2

57、with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, “colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for Negro.? By the late 1960s, that te

58、rm was overtaken by “Black.” And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A centurys worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black