八年級上冊語法專題

1、八年級上冊語法專題之形容詞副詞的比較級與最高級形容詞分為三種等級:原級,比較級與最高級。 一、形容詞的原級及用法形容詞的原級(形容詞本來面目不作變化)1. 可以修飾原級的詞: very、quite、 enough(“足夠”,用在形容詞后)so pretty too how rather(相當(dāng)) (not) asas (“(不)像一樣”,同級比較) not soas (“不像一樣”,同級比較)二、形容詞比較級最高級變化規(guī)則以字母e結(jié)尾的詞只加r或st重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加er或est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest wet wetter wette

2、st thin thinner thinnest redredder reddest fat fatter fattest sad sadder saddest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞把y變i再加er或est easy easier easiest early earlier earliest funny funnier funniest happy happier happiest heavy heavier heaviest dirty dirtier dirtiest 多音節(jié)詞、部分雙音節(jié)詞(特別是ful結(jié)尾及v.+ed/ing構(gòu)成的形容詞)及個別單音節(jié)詞(fun)在前面加more或mos

3、t interesting important difficult excitied tired careful popular expensive boring fun不規(guī)則變化 old older oldest (年齡大的,與than連用) old elder eldest(“年長的”,只作定語不與than連用) far farther farthest (距離遠(yuǎn))far further furthest (除距離外,還指程度上更進(jìn)一步的)口訣：合二為一共三對, “壞、病”、“兩多”并“兩好”； 一分為二有兩個，一是“遠(yuǎn)來”、二是“老”； 還有一詞含雙義，只記“少”來不記“小”。副詞比較級

4、和最高級的變化規(guī)則大致與此相同三、比較級用法1.表示兩者之間進(jìn)行比較,“更”2.可以修飾比較級的詞: much = a lot (得多) a little = a bit (一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)) even (甚至) far (遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)) any (絲毫,稍微, 用于否定和疑問句中)3.比較級標(biāo)志: than or4.形容詞比較級句式:A + be + 形容詞的比較級 + than + B. (A比B)Which/Who +be +形容詞比較級, A or B? (哪個/誰更, A 還是B？)5.副詞比較級句式:A實(shí)義動詞副詞的比較級than B. (A得比B)Which/Who +實(shí)義動詞三單, A or B

5、? (哪個/誰得更, A還是B？)6.比較級特殊用法:the +比較級+of the two “兩者中較的” 他是兩個男孩中較高的。Hes the taller of the two boys.“比較級+and+比較級”或“more and more +多音節(jié)詞” “越來越” 他越來越高。 Hes taller and taller.The+比較級, the+比較級 “越, 越” 你越快樂就越美麗。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. not +比較級+than “不如, 不比” no +比較級+than “一樣都不” You are

6、 not taller than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我一樣都不高。比較級+than any other +sig.+in+同一范圍 “比同一范圍中其他任何一個更” 比較級+than any +sig.+in+非同一范圍 “比非同一范圍中任何一個更”Shes nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一個女孩都漂亮。 (主語本身就在比較范圍之中,因此是在同一范圍就主語與其他任何一個比較) Shes nicer than any girl in her sisters class. 她

7、比她妹妹班里任何一個女孩都漂亮。 (主語不在該較范圍之中,因此主語可以與該范圍內(nèi)任何一個作比較)該用法雖然出現(xiàn)了in所引導(dǎo)的比較范圍但是仍要用比較級,此成為用比較級表示最高級,實(shí)質(zhì)是最高級。四、最高級用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比較,“最”2.形容詞最高級前必須加the,副詞前的the可以省略。3.最高級標(biāo)志:in of or4.句式:the + 最高級 +(n.) + in +比較范圍 我是我們班最聰明的。Im the cleverest in our class.the + 最高級 +(n.) + of +同類事物 這本書是所有書中最有趣的。The book is the most int

8、eresting of all the books. Which/Who +v.(單數(shù)) +最高級, A, B or C? Jay, Will和JJ誰最收歡迎？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ?比較級的基本用法及常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)（1） 含義：兩個人或事物之間的比較（2） 標(biāo)志詞：than （比 ） 可以修飾比較級的副詞：much （得多） a little (一點(diǎn)兒)a lot （得多） a bit (一點(diǎn)兒)far （得多） even (甚至)still ( 仍然 ) rather (更)eg: Lesson

9、0;One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一課比第二課容易得多。 Tom looks a little younger than before.湯姆比以前年輕一點(diǎn)。 She drives still more carefully than her husband.她開車仍然比她丈夫還認(rèn)真。 比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu) 考點(diǎn)1. “A+比較級+than+B”表示: “A比B” eg: Tom 

10、;is taller than Kate.湯姆比凱特高。 I get up earlier than my mother every morning.我每天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。 考點(diǎn)2. “A+比較級+than+ any other+單數(shù)名詞”，表示：“A比其他任何一個都”， （含義是: 同一范圍內(nèi)比較，甲最”。 ） eg:The Yangtze River is longer than any othe

11、r river in China. =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.長江是中國最長的河流。v 【注意：加other (其它的)，其功用為避免和本身做比較。The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.長江比日本的任何一條河都長?！?考點(diǎn)3.“比較級+and+比較級” , 表示:“越來越

12、”。 eg: He is getting taller and taller.他變得越來越高了。 The story became more and more interesting. 這故事變得越來越有趣了。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作業(yè)越來越認(rèn)真了。 【注：多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞表示“越來越”用：more and more +adj/adv 原級】 考點(diǎn)4.“the+比較級，th

13、e+比較級”, 表示 :“越，越”。 eg: The more, the better. 越多越好。The more we get, the happier we'll be. 我們得到越多就越快樂。 考點(diǎn)5.“特殊疑問詞+ 比較級，A or B？” eg: Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一個大，地球還是月球？ Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？ 誰畫得比較好，詹妮還是丹尼？ 考點(diǎn)6.”of + the +比較

14、范圍， + the +比較級” eg: Of the two Australian students, Masha is _ one.在兩個澳大利亞人當(dāng)中，瑪莎比較高。最高級的基本用法及常用句型結(jié)構(gòu) （1）用法：三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較。 in + 短語 （ 在之中）（2） 標(biāo)志詞： of + 短語 （ 在當(dāng)中）考點(diǎn). 主語 +the+最高級+in/of短語” 表示: “是中最的”。 eg: Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students

15、.湯姆是他們班上/所有學(xué)生當(dāng)中最高的。 This apple is the biggest of the five.這個蘋果是五個當(dāng)中最大的。 I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我們班跳得最遠(yuǎn)的?！咀ⅲ盒稳菰~的最高級前通常加定冠詞the, 副詞的最高級前定冠詞the 通常可以省略】考點(diǎn) “主語+be +one of the+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示：“是中最之一”。 eg:Beijing is one&#

16、160;of the largest cities in China.北京是中國最大城市之一。 考點(diǎn). “特殊疑問詞+the+最高級 +甲，乙，or丙？” 用于三者及以上的比較。 eg: Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？ 哪一個國家最大，中國，巴西還是加拿大？ Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summe

17、r or autumn？ 你最喜歡哪一個季節(jié)，春天，夏天還是秋天？【注意：兩者之間用比較級；三者 (或以上)用最高級】形容詞、副詞的原級比較（1）用法：兩者就同一事物進(jìn)行比較。 肯定句：as+形容詞原形+as 表示：與.一樣（2）句型結(jié)構(gòu) 否定句：not so/as+形容詞原形as 表示：.不如.eg: She is as tall as her sister. （她和她姐姐一樣高。） He runs not so/as fast as his classmates. （他跑得不如他的同學(xué)們快。）一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.I feel tired, so I want to go t

18、o bed _ tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later2.The food of our country is _ than that of western countries. A.rather good than B.much better than C.more better than D.so goos as3.The ice in the lake is as _ as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest4.Who is _ running star in you

19、r school?A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous5.Which season do you like _? Summer. A.good B.well C.the better D.best6.Lucys pen is _ nicer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little7.Is your brother as outgoing as you? No, hes a quiet boy. He is _. A.less outgoing than me B.not so

20、 calm as I C.more outgoing than me D.as outgoing as I8.How are you today? Much _. A.good B.well C.better D.the best9.Toms card is newer than _. A.our B.her C.my D.his10._ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other flower D. Not all flowers11.Mary studies harde

21、r _ in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone二、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.He is 3 times as _(old) as me. 2.Im too tired to go any _.(far)3.Who is _, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _(heavy) of the three.5.Tom is the _ of the two boys.6.Russia is _(large) than any other coun

22、try in the world.7.His computer is the _(expensive) of all.8.You are pretty _(beautiful).9.The book is _(useful) than that one.10.Whos the _(healthy) , you, he or she?11.How _(small) the shirt is! I want a _ (big) one.12.You have _(short) and _(curly) hair than Susan.13.Is this street a lot _(noisy)

23、 than that one?14.I feel much _(excited) now.15.Soccer is becoming _ and _ _(popalar) in China.16.My sister doesnt write as _(good) as I do.17.The _(much) you practice, the _ (good) your English will be.18.No other animal is _(scary) than a snake.19.Math is less _(difficult) than English. 20.What a

24、_(funny) boy!21.Youre _(bad) at sports than me.22.Its the third _ (long) river in China形容詞、副詞（原級、比較級和最高級）練習(xí)A 部分I 用適當(dāng)形式填空：1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Ying Tian is not as _ (tall) as Yong Xian. 3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat)

25、than before the holidays, 4.Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She' s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? She' s only 1.40 metres _(tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths

26、. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange is a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _

27、(small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister.13. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother' s.14.-How difficult is physics? -I' m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I dont think so.15.Annie plays

28、the piano very _ (well). Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well).16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat).18. I think its too expensive. Id like a _ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20.This book is not a

29、s _ (interesting) as that one. 21. Your classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 23. The _ (much), the _ (good). 24. Nowadays English is _( important ) than any other subject, 1 think. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _(dangerous) than a bear an

30、d it is the _ (dangerous) animal in the world. II改錯：1. He is as taller as I am.2. She is a little thiner than she looks. 3. Bob is heavier than any other boys in the class.4.The girls study the better than the boy. 5. It is one of the most interesting book than I have ever read. 6. He says Mary is m

31、ost friendliest person in the class.7. Which city is most beautiful, Beijing or Guangzhou?8. Jack works hard. Mike works very harder than Jack.9. London is the bigger city in Britain.10.Bob plays football badly but Fred plays football much badlier than Bob. 五、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Your classroom is  _   (wide) an