基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)常用英語詞匯1TheIdeal

1、根底化學(xué)常用英語詞匯1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想氣體狀態(tài)方程2. Partial Pressures 分壓3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真實(shí)氣體：對(duì)理想氣體行為的偏離4. The van der Waals Equation 范德華方程5. System and Surroundings 系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境6. State and State Functions 狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)函數(shù)7. Process 過程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 熱力學(xué)第一定律10. H

2、eat and Work 熱與功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸熱與發(fā)熱過程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反響熱13. Hess sLaw 蓋斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反響速率16. Reaction Order 反響級(jí)數(shù)17. Rate Constants 速率常數(shù)18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼烏斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反響機(jī)理

3、21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化劑22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化劑23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常數(shù)25. the Direction of Reaction 反響方向26. Le Chatelier Principle 列沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts i. 體積，壓力，溫度變化以及催化劑的影響28. Spontaneous Processes 自發(fā)過程29.

4、Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 熱力學(xué)第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵變32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由能變33. Acid-Bases 酸堿34. The Dissociation of Water 水離解35. The Proton in Water 水合質(zhì)子36. The pH Scales pH 值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和堿38. Proto

5、n-Transfer Reactions 質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移反響39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共軛酸堿對(duì)40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸堿的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸堿42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金屬離子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 緩沖溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同離子效應(yīng)45. Buffer Capacity 緩沖容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配離子的形成47. So

6、lubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度積常數(shù)49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 離子的沉淀與別離50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 離子的選擇沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化復(fù)原反響52. Oxidation Number 氧化數(shù)53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化復(fù)原反響方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反響55. Galvani

7、 Cell 原電池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特電池57. Cell EMF 電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)58. Standard Electrode Potentials 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化劑和復(fù)原劑60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 電解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 電子的波動(dòng)性63. Bohr sModel of The Hydrogen Atom 氫原子的波爾模型64. Line Spectra 線光譜65. Quantum Numbe

8、rs 量子數(shù)66. Electron Spin 電子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子軌道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s( p，d，f )軌道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多電子原子70. Energies of Orbital 軌道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 電子構(gòu)型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行質(zhì)量數(shù)75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers,

9、and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子數(shù)，77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半徑79. Ionization Energy 電離能80. Electronegativity 電負(fù)性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核電荷82. Electron Affinities 親電性83. Metals 金屬84. Nonmetals 非金屬85. Valence Bond Theory 價(jià)鍵理論86. Covalence Bond 共價(jià)鍵87. Orbital Ov

10、erlap 軌道重疊88. Multiple Bonds 重鍵89. Hybrid Orbital 雜化軌道90. The VSEPR Model 價(jià)層電子對(duì)互斥理論91. Molecular Geometries 分子空間構(gòu)型92. Molecular Orbital 分子軌道93. Diatomic Molecules 雙原子分子94. Bond Length 鍵長95. Bond Order 鍵級(jí)96. Bond Angles 鍵角97. Bond Enthalpies 鍵能98. Bond Polarity 鍵矩99. Dipole Moments 偶極矩100. Polarity M

11、olecules 極性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶體結(jié)構(gòu)103. Non-Crystal 非晶體104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆積105. Metallic Solids 金屬晶體106. Metallic Bond 金屬鍵107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 離子晶體109. Ion-Dipole Forces 離子偶竭力110. Molecular Forces 分子間力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子間作用力112.

12、Hydrogen Bonding 氫鍵113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶體114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，組成和結(jié)構(gòu)116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 電荷數(shù)、配位數(shù)、及幾何構(gòu)型117. Chelates 螯合物118.119.120.121.122.123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136

13、.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144.145.146.147.Isomerism 異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Structural Isomerism 結(jié)構(gòu)異構(gòu)Stereoisomerism 立體異構(gòu)Magnetism 磁性Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面體構(gòu)型配合物的電子分布Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面體和平面四邊形配合物General Characteristics 共性s-Block Elements s 區(qū)元素Alkali Metals 堿金屬Alkali

14、ne Earth Metals 堿土金屬Hydrides 氫化物Oxides 氧化物Peroxides and Superoxides 過氧化物和超氧化物Hydroxides 氫氧化物Salts 鹽p-Block Elements p 區(qū)元素Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼，鋁，鎵，銦，鉈)Borane 硼烷Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳，硅，鍺，錫，鉛)Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon

15、 Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸鹽，碳化物Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制備Silicic Acid ， Silicates 硅酸，硅酸鹽Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷，砷，銻，鉍)Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸鹽，鹵

16、化磷Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧，硫，硒，碲)Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，過氧化氫Sulfides 硫化物Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 鹵素(氟，氯，溴，碘)148. Halides, Chloride 鹵化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有氣體150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有氣體化合物151. d-Block elements d 區(qū)元素152. Transitio

17、n Metals 過渡金屬153. Potassium Dichromate 重鉻酸鉀154. Potassium Permanganate 高錳酸鉀155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 鐵，銅，鋅，汞156. f-Block Elements f 區(qū)元素157. Lanthanides 鑭系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化學(xué)160. Nuclear Fission 核裂變161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚變162. analytical chemistry 分析化學(xué)163. qualitativ

18、e analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化學(xué)分析166. instrumental analysis 儀器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 試劑170. chromatographic analysis 色譜分析171. product 產(chǎn)物172. electrochemical analysis 電化學(xué)分析173. on-line analysis 在線分析174. macro analysis 常

19、量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形態(tài)分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系統(tǒng)誤差180. routine analysis 常規(guī)分析181. random error 偶然誤差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 過失誤差184.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.195.196.197.198.199.2

20、00.201.202.203.204.205.206.207.208.209.210.211.212.213.214.215.216.217.218.219.220.221.222.223.224.225.226.227.normal distribution 正態(tài)分布titergeneral equation for a chemical reaction proton theory of acid-base acid-base titration dissociation constantaccuracy 準(zhǔn)確度 deviation precisionrelative standard d

21、eviation coefficient variation confidence level confidence interval significant test significant figure standard solution titration stoichiometric point end point titration error primary standard amount of substance standardization chemical reaction concentration chemical equilibrium conjugate acid-

22、base pair acetic acid hydronium ion electrolyte ion-product constant of water ionization proton condition zero level buffer solution methyl orange acid-base indicator phenolphthalein coordination compound center ion cumulative stability constant alpha coefficient overall stability constant ligand偏差

23、精密度 相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差 RSD 變異系數(shù) CV 置信水平置信區(qū)間 顯著性檢驗(yàn) 有效數(shù)字 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液 滴定 化學(xué)計(jì)量點(diǎn) 滴定終點(diǎn) 滴定誤差 基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì) 物質(zhì)的量 標(biāo)定 化學(xué)反響 濃度 化學(xué)平衡 滴定度 化學(xué)反響的通式 酸堿質(zhì)子理論 酸堿滴定法 解離常數(shù) 共軛酸堿對(duì) 乙酸 水合氫離子 電解質(zhì) 水的離子積 電離 質(zhì)子平衡 零水準(zhǔn) 緩沖溶液 甲基橙 酸堿指示劑 酚酞 配位化合物 中心離子 累積穩(wěn)定常數(shù) 酸效應(yīng)系數(shù) 總穩(wěn)定常數(shù) 配位體228.229.230.231.232.233.234.235.236.237.238.239.240.241.242.243.244.245.246.247.248.249.2

24、50.251.252.253.254.255.256.257.258.259.260.261.262.263.264.265.266.267.268.269.270.271.ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid side reaction coefficient coordination atom coordination numberlone pair electron chelate compound metal indicator chelating agent masking demasking electron catalysis oxidation ca

25、talyst reduction catalytic reaction reaction rate electrode potential activation energy redox couple potassium permanganate iodimetry potassium dichromate cerimetry redox indicator oxygen consuming乙二胺四乙酸 副反響系數(shù) 配位原子 配位數(shù) 孤對(duì)電子 螯合物 金屬指示劑 螯合劑 掩蔽 解蔽 電子 催化 氧化 催化劑 復(fù)原 催化反響 反響速率 電極電勢(shì) 反響的活化能 氧化復(fù)原電對(duì) 高錳酸鉀 碘量法 重鉻

26、酸鉀 鈰量法 氧化復(fù)原指示 耗氧量 OCchemical oxygen demanded 化學(xué)需氧量 (COD) dissolved oxygen 溶解氧 (DO) precipitation沉淀反響argentimetry銀量法heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相離子平衡aging postprecipitation coprecipitation ignition fitration decantation chemical factor spectrophotometry colorimetry transmittance absorptivity c

27、alibration curve standard curve陳化繼沉淀 共沉淀 灼燒 過濾傾瀉法化學(xué)因數(shù)分光光度法 比色分析 透光率 吸光率 校正曲線 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線光源273. source274. wavelength dispersion色散275. absorption cell276. detector吸收池檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)277. bathochromic shift紅移278. Molar absorptivity摩爾吸光系數(shù)279. hypochromic shift紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙?；瘎?/p>

28、283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. -dicarbontl compound 二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 雙分子消除反響289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 雙分子親核取代反響290. open chain compound 開鏈族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子軌道理論292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. t

29、automerism 互變異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象294. reaction mechanism 反響歷程295. chemical shift 化學(xué)位移296. Walden inversio 瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn) n297. Enantiomorph 對(duì)映體298. addition rea ction 加成反響299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立體化學(xué)302. stereo isomer 立體異構(gòu)體303. Lucas reagent 盧卡斯試劑304. covalent bond 共價(jià)鍵305. conjugated diene 共軛二烯烴306.

30、 conjugated double bond 共軛雙鍵307. conjugated system 共軛體系308. conjugated effect 共軛效應(yīng)309. isomer 同分異構(gòu)體310. isomerism 同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象311. organic chemistry 有機(jī)化學(xué)312. hybridization 雜化313. hybrid orbital 雜化軌道314. heterocyclic compound 雜環(huán)化合物315. peroxide effect 過氧化物效應(yīng) t316. valence bond theory 價(jià)鍵理論317. sequence rule

31、 次序規(guī)那么318. electron-attracting grou p 吸電子基319. Huckel rule 休克爾規(guī)那么320. Hinsberg test 興斯堡試驗(yàn)321. infrared spectrum 紅外光譜322. Michael reacton 麥克爾反響323. halogenated hydrocarbon 鹵代烴324. haloform reaction 鹵仿反響325. systematic nomenclatur 系統(tǒng)命名法 e326. Newman projection 紐曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. ar

32、omatic character 芳香性 r329. Claisen condensation reaction 克萊森酯縮合反響330. Claisen rearrangement 克萊森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄爾斯 - 阿爾得反響332. Clemmensen reduction 克萊門森復(fù)原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎羅反響334. positional isomers 位置異構(gòu)體335. unimolecular elimination reaction 單分子消除反響336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 單分子親核取代反響337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能團(tuán) p339. c