定語(yǔ)從句之關(guān)系代詞用法及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、定語(yǔ)從句 一（關(guān)系代詞的用法）一.定語(yǔ)從句概念1 .定語(yǔ)從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面2 .先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞。3 .關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系: 有,關(guān)系: 有,等。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 代替先行詞。 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。注意：根據(jù)先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間 有無(wú)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)意義是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，不能刪除是對(duì)先行 詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明刪除后意思仍完整譯法翻譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)，“的”通常翻譯成主句的

2、并列句限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同(1)

3、His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。(他只有一個(gè)哥哥) 二.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞1. who 指, 在從句中充當(dāng) (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Y

4、esterday I helped an old man who lost his way.(3) In the meeting I saw Mr. Smith who I met in my birthday party.2. whom指,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng) ,常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whomift口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用 who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/who

5、m you met just now is my friend.3. which 指 ，在定語(yǔ)從句中做 或者 ，做 時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that 指人時(shí)， 相當(dāng)于 或者 ； 指物時(shí)， 相當(dāng)于 。 在定語(yǔ)從句中做或者 ，做 時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million

6、.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom, the door of which is broken

7、will soon be repaired.= The classroom, of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.【詳細(xì)講解】I .關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法( 一 ) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用that 的幾種情況:1 當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外 ), few, all, none, little,some等不定代詞時(shí)，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)(1) Haeou taken d

8、own everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to benothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)(1) This is the b

9、est film that I have seen.4. 當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only, just 修飾時(shí)(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,。(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which 等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me mo

10、st?6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?( 二 ) 當(dāng)先行詞指事/ 物時(shí) , 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞必須用which 的情況 :1. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只用which(1) Helen was muchkinder to her youngest son than to the others, which madethe others envy him.(2) He always stays at home at weekend, which hi

11、s brother thinks is unbelievable.2. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which(1) This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.注意：在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。(2) This is the pen which (/that) Im looking for.(三)關(guān)系代詞who, whom和whose的用法(1) 先行詞指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用who；(1) She is the girl who/that lives next door.(2) 當(dāng)先行詞為

12、those 時(shí)，用who；(2) Those who will join in my birthday party are my best friends.(3) 在 There be 句型中主語(yǔ)作為先行詞指人時(shí)，用who；(4) There is a great man who saved his country with his partners.4.先行詞指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用whomf口 who；(5) That s the girl whom/who/that I teach.5. 在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whose。(6) This is the scientist who

13、se achievements are well known.(7) This is the house whose window broke last night.n.關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞as 既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as 在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。( 一 ) 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用于下列句式：1. such + 名詞+ as像一樣的，像之類(lèi)的the same + 名詞+ as和同樣的。其中關(guān)系代詞as 在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。(1) We have found such materials as are used in their fac

14、tory.(2) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(3) He is not the same man as he was ten years ago.注意：suchas引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與suchthat引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：(1) He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(2) He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.2.such as such 為代詞，意為“這樣的人或物”； as 在從句中作成分，修飾先

15、行詞such。(1) This book is not such as I expect.(二)關(guān)系代詞as 和 which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別as 和 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. as和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；as有 正如，正像”的意思which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定

16、語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。意為“這一點(diǎn)”。(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which；(5) Tom was always late for

17、school, which made his teacher angry.當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只能用which。(6) Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.3. 當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same 修飾時(shí)，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由t

18、he same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同s wedding.(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary 她穿著她在MARY!禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 裙子。專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)1用 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 填空1. Is there anything you don t understand about the problem?2.

19、All the presents your friends gave you on your birthdayshould be put away.3. The number of people lost homes reached as many as250,000.4. He was late for the opening ceremony, was verysurprising to me.5. Those cut down the trees should be punished.6. This is so interesting a book we all like.7. He g

20、ave me some novels with I am not very familiar.8. There are many children are playing toys on theplayground.9. He is no longer the one he used to be.10. The river banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.11. Jack has won the first prize, often happens.12. The worst matter I m afraid of happened

21、 in the end.13. He failed to make his plan on time, which was strange for his boss.14. This is the very book I have been looking for.15. This teacher, with son I work, is liked by all thestudents.仿寫(xiě)練習(xí)組句：將下面句子連成一句話。1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday

22、.3. She was talking with a lady. Her son was ill.4. The clothes have been cleaned. I m wearing them.5. He is sitting in a chair. It is broken.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練把下列中文用定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成英文。1. 他在中國(guó)參觀的第一個(gè)博物館是歷史博物館。2. 你有任何關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的信息都發(fā)給我吧。3. 不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。4. 那條兩邊都是樹(shù)的河一直流向海洋。5. 媽媽給我買(mǎi)了臺(tái)電腦作為生日禮物, 這正是我所渴望的。6. 掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)很有用, 這是大家公認(rèn)的。-可編輯修改-定語(yǔ)從句二

23、( 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We ll

24、go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) wehave often talked about.(6) We ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意： 1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如： look for, look after, takecare of 等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looki

25、ng. (F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用 whom不可用who或者that ； 指物時(shí)用which,不能用that ;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用 whose.(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is

26、very comfortable. (F)(5) Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine. (T)3. “介詞關(guān)系代詞”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad

27、.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. “復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)+ 關(guān)系代詞which” 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi), 定語(yǔ)從句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.總結(jié)： 判斷介詞的方法有以下三種：(1) 看從句謂語(yǔ)部分缺少什么介詞( 習(xí)慣搭配 )(2) 先行詞放在從句中需不需要添介詞(3) 通過(guò)整個(gè)句子整體含義來(lái)判斷專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)2用 ”

28、介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空1. They held a meeting, the hospital director made aspeech.2. The book, he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.3. Is this the man house the police found the lostcoloured TV?4. WuDong, I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.5. The stories about Long March, this is one example, arewell writte

29、n.單項(xiàng)選擇6. Do you know who lives in the building there is a well?A. in front of it B. in front of whoseC. in front of which D. in front which7. The woman my brother spoke just now is my teacher.A. who B. to whom C. to who D. whom8. His glasses, he was like a blind man, fell to the groundand broke.A. w

30、hich B. with which C. without which D. that9. I have bought two ballpens, writes well.A. none of which B. neither of whichC. none of them D. neither of them10. The Second World War millions of people were killed wasin 1945.A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which11. Recently I bought an ancie

31、nt Chinese vase, was veryreasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose12. The dictionary, I paid 80 dollars, was stolen.A. which B. that C. for which D. to which13. Grandma Liang has two sons, are soldiers.A. two of whom B. whom C. both of whom D. one of them14. H

32、e arrived half an hour late, made use unhappy.A. that B. as C. what D. which15. Jane, sisters are famous models in the world, willattend the important ceremony.A. with who B. with which C. with whom D. with whose 仿寫(xiě)練習(xí) 用介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式把下列句子翻譯成英文。1. Jim 是我的外教，從他身上我學(xué)到了很多有用的東西。2. 我喜歡窗子朝南的房子。3. 他給了我?guī)妆疚也惶煜さ母枨?/p>

33、。4. 中國(guó)有許多大河流，其中長(zhǎng)江和黃河是最重要的河流。5. 他有兩個(gè)兄弟，沒(méi)有一個(gè)是教師。綜合強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the-可編輯修改-。strike.A. who B. which C. that D. as2. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I wouldnever have got this far.A. who B. whose C. whom D. that3. Maria has written two novels, bo

34、th of have been madeinto television series.A. them B. that C. which D. as4. The air quality in the city, is shown in the report, hasimproved over the past two months.A. that B. it C. as D. what5. Mrs. Lee will move into the new house next Monday, itwill be completely finished.A. by which time B. by

35、that time C. by this time D. by the time6. He is such a lovely student everyone loves.A. as B. who C. that D. whom7. The student that teacher thinks best played truant（ 逃 學(xué) ） yesterday, made the teacher very disappointed.A. as B. that C. which D. who8. Have you seen the book is yellow?A. the cover o

36、f it B. which coverC. the cover of which D. whichs cover9. is known to us all that China has the largest populationin the world.A. As B. Which C. That D. It10. Ellen was painter of birds and of nature, , for somereason,had withdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. that D. whom11. Care of t

37、he soul is a gradual process even the smalldetails of life should be considered.A. that B. in that C. which D. in which12. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is-可編輯修改-。happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. w

38、hich D. this13. When deeply absorbed in work, he often was, he wouldforget all about eating or sleeping.A. that B. which C. who D. what14. In our class there are 46 students, half were glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them15. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from youreceived gifts?A. which B. them C. that D. whom16. The prize will go to the writer story shows the mostimagination.A. what B. that C.