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1、名詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)語法名詞1. 含義名詞表示人或事物的名稱或抽象概念,可在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、 表語或定語。2. 分類1)名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞。 人名:Gina, Lin Wei, Mr. Bush etc.節(jié)日: Christmas, Teachers ' Day etc.專有名詞' 地名: Chongqing, China, America etc.時(shí)間:Sun day, September etc.; 機(jī)構(gòu),團(tuán)體等:CCTV, WTO etc.廠 個(gè)體名詞:strawberry, baseball, drum etc.集體名詞:class, family

2、, people, police etc.普通名詞物質(zhì)名詞: water, meat, sea etc.i 扌由象名詞:work, surprise etc.高分突破:專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。帶有冠詞的專有名詞: 由普通名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如:the Great Wall the SummerPalace 由!通名詞+專有名詞I或F有名詞+普通名詞II構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如:the New York Times 表示全體國民的專有名詞前。例如:the Chi nese 表示一家人或夫婦的專有名詞前。例如:the Greens 報(bào)刊、書籍、雜志的專有名詞前。例如:the Times

3、團(tuán)體機(jī)關(guān)、學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、公共建筑的名稱前。例如:the Uni ted Natio ns 江湖、海洋、山脈等名字的專有名詞前。例如:the Yellow River可數(shù)名詞:可以用數(shù)目計(jì)算,有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。例如: eve nt, docume ntary, tomato etc.2) 按名詞的可數(shù)性w不可數(shù)名詞:不可以用數(shù)目計(jì)算,一般沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。 例如: rice, broccoli, beef etc.廣單數(shù)名詞:指單個(gè)的可數(shù)物體。例如: a runner, an orange ect3)按可數(shù)名詞及其形式復(fù)數(shù)名詞:指兩個(gè)或以上的可數(shù)物體。例如: some watches, three un

4、 cles etc.3. 名詞的數(shù)1)一般名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式(一般規(guī)則略)高分突破: 以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加-s。eg the little Marys小瑪麗們 以下以f, fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加-s。roof -roofs (房頂)chief -chiefs (首長(zhǎng))safe -safes 保險(xiǎn)箱) 以下以0結(jié)尾的外來詞,變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)直接加-S。zoo -zoosradio -radiosphoto -photospia no - pia noskilo -kilos video -videos2)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化:sheep -sheep deer -deer Ch

5、inese -Chinese Japanese-Japanese fish -ish man men woman women foot -feet tooth -teeth child -childre n mouse -mice3)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式詞的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)變復(fù)數(shù)的方法例詞n由若干部分組成并含有 一種中心詞(指人的詞)將中心詞變?yōu)?復(fù)數(shù)形式son-in-law (女婿)一sons-in-law gran dchild gran dchildre n(孫子) looker- on (旁觀者)一lookers-on組成部分均為表示人的 主體詞(特別注意由 man, woman 組成的復(fù) 合詞

6、)各組成部分都 要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形 式woman doctor (女醫(yī)生)wome n doctorsman teacher (男老師)一men teachers組成部分沒有中心詞最后一個(gè)組成 詞上加-sgrow n-up (成年人)一grow n-ups go-between (中 間人)一go-betweens4)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞scissors (剪刀),trousers (褲子),glasses (眼鏡),savings (積蓄) earnings (工資),arms (武器),thanks (感謝),goods (貨物), clothes (衣服),chopsticks(筷子)5)一些名

7、詞以s結(jié)尾,但一般用單數(shù)economics (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)),physics (物理),tennis etc.高分突破:1)有一些不可數(shù)名詞在使用時(shí)常常被誤作為可數(shù)名詞使用,因此應(yīng)特別注意例如:advice (意見),labor (勞動(dòng)),information (信息、消息), furniture (家具),traffic (交通)。2) 一些表示度量的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式在使用時(shí)表示單數(shù)含義, 例如: Two years isn ' t a long time to us.因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)兩年的時(shí)間對(duì)我們來說不長(zhǎng)4名詞的格1)-'所有格形式的構(gòu)成 大多數(shù)單數(shù)名詞后加's構(gòu)成其所

8、有格形式。例如:Sally ' s addre莎s莉的地址my cous in ' s n ati on al我表弟的國籍 以s結(jié)尾的名詞(特別是名詞復(fù)數(shù)),在s后加例如:the teachers' office 老師們的辦公室three minutes ' walk三分鐘的路程 復(fù)合詞和由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞表示共有關(guān)系的詞組,在最后一個(gè)名詞后加 所有格符號(hào)'so例如: Mary and Li nda's birthday瑪麗和琳達(dá)的生日 如果兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞表示分別的擁有關(guān)系,則在每個(gè)名詞后分別加So例如: Mary's and Li

9、 nda's birthdays瑪麗的生日和琳達(dá)的生日2)以of加名詞組成of屬格例如:the color of the sweater 毛衣的顏色the name of the movie 電影的名字3)在以下情況中,只能用of與's構(gòu)成雙重所有格所有格所修飾的名詞前面有一個(gè)數(shù)量詞或一個(gè)指示代詞that時(shí),要用雙重所有格(數(shù)量詞包括 a,two, some, no,any,few等)。例如: an aunt of Mary's (=one of Mary's aunts)瑪麗的一個(gè)阿姨some photos of my mother 我母親的一些照片that

10、son of Mr. Smith's 史密斯先生的那個(gè)兒子that smile of the boy's 那個(gè)孩子的微笑4)名詞所有格的省略式 當(dāng)名詞所有格所修飾的名詞在前面已出現(xiàn)過,為避免重復(fù),往往省略。 例如: I n eed your trumpet, not Bill's.我需要你的喇叭,不是比爾的(喇叭)。 當(dāng)被所有格修飾的名詞表示店鋪、教堂或某人的家時(shí),這一名詞省略。例如:rm going to the tailor's to get my dress.我要去裁縫店拿我的衣服。We'll visit St. Paul's (cathe

11、dra).我們將參觀圣保羅教堂。They took part in the birthday party at Tom's.他們參加了在湯姆家舉行的生日聚會(huì)。高分突破:1)不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格的構(gòu)成形式與單數(shù)名詞的相同。例如:the childre n's movie 孩子們的電影the Wome n's Day婦女節(jié)2)在以下兩個(gè)語言點(diǎn)使用的時(shí)候,注意其名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例如: Mary and Li nda's birthday瑪麗和琳達(dá)的生日Mary's and Li nda's birthdays瑪麗的生日和琳達(dá)的生日3) 's

12、與一o兩種所有格的區(qū)別。一's所有格形式多用于表示有生命的名詞,或表示與人類活動(dòng)有關(guān)的時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)、機(jī)構(gòu)等名詞。例如:Tom's books 湯姆的書 today's n ewspaper 今天的報(bào)紙一of所有格主要表示無生命的東西例如:the ticket of Chi nese Ku ng Fu show中國功夫表演的門票the price of the pants 褲子的價(jià)格表示類別或?qū)傩詴r(shí),只能用一's所有格形式例如:a wome n's college 女子學(xué)院 childre n's books 兒童讀物a college of th

13、e women 那些女人的學(xué)院所有格中的名詞后面有定語(如現(xiàn)在分詞短語或介詞短語等),只能用一of所 有格形式。例如:It is the violi n of the boy speak ing to the teacher 這是正同老師說話的那個(gè)男生的小提琴。He is a stude nt of Fifth Middle School in Xi'a n.他是西安第五中學(xué)的學(xué)生。 當(dāng)所有格中的名詞是以定冠詞加形容詞的形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),只能用of構(gòu)成的所有格形式。例如:the happ in ess of the old 老年人的幸福 the problems of the young 年

14、輕人的問題5名詞的句法功能1)在句中作主語例如:The show is very bori ng.這個(gè)節(jié)目很無聊。2)作表語例如:My brother is a reporter.我弟弟是個(gè)記者。3)作賓語或復(fù)合賓語例如:He fini shed his task on time.他按時(shí)完成了他的任務(wù)。We made Tom our captai n.我們選湯姆為我們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。4)作定語例如:pen pal筆友5)作狀語例如:The meeti ng lasted two hours. 會(huì)議持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 Wait a mome nt.等一會(huì)兒。He was late for class th

15、is morni ng.今天早晨他上課遲到了。6)作同位語例如: Mr. Smith, the movie star, is speak ing now. 電影明星史密斯先生,正在講話。We stude nts should study hard. 我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:1. There are twoover ther&watch)2. I like tak ing. (photo)3. l can see aand twostanding there.man,woman)4. There are two baskets ofon the floor. ap

16、ple)5. You ofte n make a lot ofin spelli ng. (mistake)6. Look at those. (child)7. He does n't like these.(glass)8. This is a. Those are three( knife)9. How manycan you see (radio)10. Three( orange ) are on the table.11. Thirtylive in this building. (family) . 12. Jim plays ( sport) at school.13.

17、 I have two( rice ) for lunch and supper. 14. I want to 2( kilo) of(tomato). 15. Maria has some( bread ) for lun ch.16. How much are the(trouser). 17. The school has some relax ing( activity) for the stude nts.st18. June 1 is ( children) Day. 19.Tom has two (cup) of milk in themorni ng單項(xiàng)選擇1. A pair

18、of trousersyuan. A.am B.are C.is2. is the rice ?Five yua n a kilo.A. How many B. How much C. How old3. I need to two pencil. A.box B.boxes C.boxs4. Linda 'sister likes. She hasfor dinner.A.vegetable, tomatoes B.vegetables, tomato C.vegetables, tomatoes5. En glish dict ionary is on the desk. A. A

19、n B. A C. /6. Chicken20 yuan a kilo. A.is B.am C.are7. The sweaters are fivefor one. A.dollar B.dollarsC.yuans8. This is great mon th for the stude nts because they have three.A.party B.partys C.parties9. A cow has fourA. stomachs B. stomaches10. Threeare eating grass. A sheep B sheeps11. Watera kin

20、d of matter. A. is B. are12. Her clothesn early worn out.A.is B. are13. No manprese nt.A. is B. are14. It is I whon ext.A am B. is15. hereno water in the glass.A.areB. is16. Herea bli nd man. A.comes B.is17. Physicsmore difficult tha n maths. A is B.are18. Neither Mary nor her sisterthe partyA.is go

21、ing to B. are going to19. I want to buy.A. kilo of meat B. a kilo of meats C. two kilos of meats D. two kilos of meat20. Our desks andare made of.A. chairs ; woods B. chairs ;wood C. chairs; woods D. chair; wood21. There is lots ofoutside our school now.A. noises B. a noise C .noise D. a noises翻譯:1.

22、湯姆的背包2.我朋友的生日聚會(huì) 3.他們父母親的房間 4.她兩個(gè)兄弟各自的電腦 5. 戴維和保羅的兩個(gè)家庭6. 露西和莉莉家的書櫥 7. 男士手表8. 一張吉姆家的全家照 9. 一幅中國地圖 10一本英語字典Which is better, Radio or Television?About fifty years ago, whe n televisi on first came out, people thought that radio was no Ion ger useful. Televisi on has both sounds (聲音) and pictures. It is

23、much more real and in terest ing to watch televisi on tha n to liste n to the radio.However, fifty years later radio is still very popular and it will be here for a long time. One reason is that we don' need to see pictures when we listen to the music on the radio. In fact, listening with your e

24、yes closed is the best way to listen to a piece of music. You can think yourself on a sandy beach or up high on a mountain. In other words, you can create (make) your own pictures.Moreover, while listening to the radio, you don' t have to take your eyes off your work. Forexample, you can listen

25、to the radio and drive at the same time. Or you can read a book and listen to the radio. Televlsion, on the other hand, doesn' t h(v優(yōu)勢(shì)isadvantageA radio is much smaller tha n a televisio n. You can take a radio any where and turn it on any time you wan t. In a quiet place you can use headph ones

26、 to liste n to the n ews or music on the radio .In this way (用這種方式) you won ' t disturb 打擾)an ybody. Moreover, a radio is much cheaper tha n a televisi on. For less tha n $ 20 you can buy a small radio and have fun with it.1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Music.B. Sou nd.C. Televisi on.D. Radio.2. It ' s more interesting to watch TV because.A. peopl

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