同位語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、同位語從句辨認(rèn)同位語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。一個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）對另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說明，這個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語。同位語與被 它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1. 名詞作同位語Mr. Wang, my child ' s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來看我們。2. 短語作同位語I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other childre n. 我，作為家里最

2、大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引語作同位語But now the questi on comes to their min ds,“ Did she die young because she wasa cione? ”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多利早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?？?. 句子作同位語The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。 同位語從句用法、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表

3、示的具體內(nèi)容我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。I heard the n ews that our team had won 可以跟同位語從句的抽象名詞通常有news, idea , fact , promise , question , doubt ,thought , hope, message, suggestion , words （消息），possibility 等。（承諾信息主意 是事實(shí)；疑問想法與問題；希望消息建議是潛力。 ）I ' ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won' t be able to see you

4、 thisafternoon .我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。 在某些名詞表“建議，命令，要求等”（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣（即should+動(dòng)詞原形；should可?。㏕here was a suggesti on that Brow n should be dropped from the team.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。 同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)：同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。Where did you get the idea t

5、hat I could not come、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？that , whether,連接代詞 what, whc。不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。） that不能省略）連接畐詞 how, when, where 等。（注：if, which1. 連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語從句的The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（作idea的同位語）【注意】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式

6、文體中也可以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impressi on he was board ing the Tokyo pla ne. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。2. 連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句） The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。He must an swer the questi on whether he ag

7、rees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。3. 其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句A、連接代詞 what, who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)同位語從句1）.1 have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿幾號的鞋。（what 作定語）2）.The questio n who will take his place is still not clear.（ who 作主語）B 連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)同位語從句Wehaven' t yet settled the question whe

8、re we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。l have n o idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。My questi on how I shall get in touch with him has not bee n an swered.三、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。在語法 上叫做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to him that maybe the en emy had fled the city.他突然

9、想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。Several years later , word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.幾年以后，有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。 定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別1. 意義的不同同位語從句是用于說明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語通?？梢詣澋忍枺?而定語從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來：We are glad at the news that he will come.聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。（n ews的內(nèi)容就是that he will com

10、e ，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句 ）Weare glad at the news that he told us.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。（that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句）2. 被修飾詞語的區(qū)別A. 定語從句的先行詞是名詞或代詞； 而同位語從句的先行詞只能是名詞，而且僅限于idea，plan ， fact ， theory ，promise，hope，news，doubt， truth ， information ， suggestion ， question ，thought ，

11、belief ， conclusion 等少數(shù)名詞。例如： The boy who is playi ng football is my classmate. Those who work hard will succeed . The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. The fact that you are talk ing about is importa nt在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，其先行詞是名詞boy，它不能用作同位語從句的先行?詞。在句中，劃線部分也是定語從句，其先行詞是代詞those，代詞不能用作

12、同位語從句的先行詞。在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，其先行詞是名詞fact，它同樣可以用作定語從句的先行詞，句便是一例。由以上分析可見，同位語從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語從句的先行詞，但定語從句的先行詞不一定能用作同位語從句的先行詞。B. when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞一定分別是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名 詞，而三者引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的先行詞則肯定不是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞。例如： I still remember the day whe n I first came to Beiji ng I have no idea whe n she will be back.在句

13、中，劃線部分是 when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞day是表示時(shí)間的名詞；在句中，劃線部分是when引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，其先行詞idea則不是表示時(shí)間的名詞。3. 引導(dǎo)詞的不同定語從句和同位語從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個(gè)：that , when, where , why。下面把四個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞分成兩類說明它們在兩種從句中的不同用法。A. 引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成 分，并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that叫做從屬連詞，它只起連接作用。不能省略。例如： The n ews that you told me yesterday was

14、really excit ing We heard the n ews that our team had won在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語，在意義上指代先行詞news。在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，that沒有任何意義，只起連接作用。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞， 要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。如上例that he told us 中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語。B. 引導(dǎo)詞 when, where, why弓I導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，它們叫做關(guān)系副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式；弓I

15、導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，它們叫做連接副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式。例如： I will n ever forget the day whe n I joi ned the army. We have no idea whe n she was born在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，when在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成on which的形式；在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，when在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. He put forward to the q

16、uesti on where the meeti ng would be held.在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，where在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成 in which 的形式；在句中，劃線部分是同位語從句，where在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式。 This is the reas on why she will not atte nd the meeti ng The teacher had no idea why Jack was abse nt在句中，劃線部分是定語從句，why在從句中作狀語，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成for which的形式；在句 中，劃線部分是同

17、位語從句，why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成 "介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式。 同位語從句-相關(guān)語法1、同位語從句在句中的位置1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news, idea , fact , promise , hope, message等)的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。I ' ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won ' t be able to see you this afternoo n.我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。2. 有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的

18、名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫 做分隔式同位語從句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。2、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。Where did you get the idea that I could n ot come?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？3、同位語從句的語氣在suggestion , advice , request , order等意為"建

19、議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的 should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。4、同位語從句的先行詞同位語從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea, situation thought, fact,evide nee, belief, doubt, fear, hope, questi on, theory, n ews, order, ability等等。Howdid th

20、e cheats explain the fact that the Emperor did n't feel the new clothes in him?皇帝覺得身上并沒有穿上新衣，對這個(gè)問題騙子是怎樣解釋的？代詞it可用作同位語從句的先行詞。這個(gè)it常放在某些動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞后作賓語，同時(shí)兼作其后that同位語從句的先行詞。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸虧你，我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動(dòng)詞或介詞的真正賓語。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的that從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于“主語 +be+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)。Y

21、ou must see to it that the childre n don't catch cold. (=You must see to it,and It is that the childre n don't catch cold.)5、短語及固定句式后的同位語從句I will come on con diti on that Joh n is in vited. 簡析：短語 Oncondition,on supposition,你要當(dāng)心，別讓孩子們著涼了。如果約翰也被邀請的話，我就來。on the ground(s), on the understanding,d

22、oubt(hope, cha nee, possibility,)后的that從句為同位語從句。及句式 There BE+nowith the excepti on, in spite of the fact, on the assumpti ondoubt(hope, cha nee, possibility,)后的that從句為同位語從句。練習(xí)題1. His success was because ofhe had bee n work ing hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. "ls Ma

23、ry from New York City " "I don't know."A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I did n't go to Shan ghai

24、wasa new job.A. because I gotB. because of gett ingC. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bither hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so7. Have you see n Henry lately My boss wants

25、 to know.A. how he is getti ng alongB. how is he gett ing alongC. what he is gett ing alongD. what is he gett ing along8. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhe or she wan ts.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whe never9. He asked mewith me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wa

26、sC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am surehe said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came hereyet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not bee12.1 won der how much.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch coste

27、d D. the watch costs13. Mary issome one might recog nize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14. is no reason for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few minu tes lateB. Owi ng to a few minu tes lateC. The fact that she was a few minu tes lateD. Being a few minu tes late15.

28、 They came to the con clusi onby a computer.A. that not all things can be doneB. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be doneD. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosi on occurred wasthe laboratory atte ndant had bee ncareless.A. for B. because C. since D. that1

29、7. I don't doubthe'll come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. "Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang ""Well, I forgetI was supposed to go to."A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six timesit was before liberati o

30、n.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Hele n is a mere washer woma n, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21. surprised me most wassuch a little boy o

31、f seve n could play theviolin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave himhelp we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have give n him andyou have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that24. Excuse me would you please tell me

32、A. whe n the sports meet is take n placeB. whe n is the sports meet going to be heldC. whe n is the sports meet to begi nD. whe n the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happe n to knowA. what size shoes he wearsB. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoesD. what nu mber shoes are hi

33、s26. This book will show youcan be used in other con texts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed27. Where do you thi nkA. has he gone B. has he bee nC. he's gone D. was he28. Do you knowA. how many populati ons there are in th

34、e worldB. how much populati on there is in the worldC. how many the populati on of the world isD. what the populati on of the world is29. Would you go and seeoutsideA. what to take place B. what Tom has happe nedC. what is happe ning D. what the matter had bee n30. The subject of "What is in te

35、resti ng is that I do not even know him." is.A. what B. in teresti ng C. What is in teresti ng D. I31. I thi nk he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB. Do you th ink who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He did n't know which room.A. they lived B. they lived inC.

36、 did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy atehis mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no Ion ger.A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My pare nts usedthey had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what

37、D. all what36. we go swim ming every dayus a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.does D. That.does37. was the ideathe wife thought ofA. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38. did he tell his wifehe wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where39. One of the men held t

38、he viewthe book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no ideaor not he has fini shed the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41. "Do you kn ow" "His father is a doctor."A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. w

39、ho his father is42. Is thiswe met each other two years agoA. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. ItBob drives badly.A. thi nks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44. We all know the truththere are air, water and sun light there are livi ng things.45. They discus

40、sedthey could settle the problem without others' help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked.A. what I was doing whe n she rang me upB. what was I doing whe n she rang me upC. whe n she rang me up what I was doingD. whe n did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring-You

41、can takeyou like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that48. He said that he was fond of.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He in sisted that hein good health andto work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. D

42、o you knowhe expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. It's un certa inthe experime nt is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the teleph one yesterdayit was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53. is to do good all on e&

43、#39;s life and n ever do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54. the boy did n't take medic ine made his mother an gry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fin e, I made the suggesti onfor a walk in the park.A.we go B.we will

44、 go C.should we go D.that we go56. we can't get seems better tha nwe have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57. you don't like him is none of my bus in ess.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You can't imagi newhe n they received these n ice Christmas prese nts.A. h

45、ow they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59. we'll go camp ing tomorrow depe nds on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what61. is going to do the job

46、 will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Whowe'll finish tran slat ing the book depe nds on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That62. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meet ing.A. If B. Where C. That D. What63. he won't go there is clear to

47、all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This64. you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether65. makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. An ybody66. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How67. Three days later, word cameour

48、 country had sent up ano ther man-madesatellite.A. which B. whe n C. that D. where68. The problem iswill go to the meeti ng.A. why B. whe n C. what D. who70.lt looksit were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like71. That ishe likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how72.

49、That isLu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why73. We thoughtstra nge that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what74. The factshe had not said any thi ng surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how75. What rm con sideri ng nowthe money we n eed.A. is B. are C. were

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