非謂語動詞錯誤例析資料

1、非謂語動詞錯誤例析【同步教學信息】學科：英語 年級：高二 主講教師：王德清 期數：20英語中的非謂語動詞是高考的語言重點，是歷屆高考試題中的必考內容，也是中學生在校學習英語的過程中深感棘手的難點。下面是學生經常出錯的非謂語動詞的一些例子。 【典型例題】例1 W It took her two hours finishing her homework.R It took her two hours to finish her homework.例2 W It is no use to regret what has been done.R It is no use regretting what

2、 has been done.分析:不定式,動名詞均可以用作句子的主語.其區(qū)別不大,常可互換.但在某些句型中的主語用動名詞(例2),某些句型中主語永不定式(例1)都屬于習慣用法,一般不宜互換。例3 W Most of the students enjoy to read novels.R Most of the students enjoy reading novels.例4 W He always refuses doing what he is unwilling to.R He always refuses to do what he is unwilling to.分析:不定式,動名詞

3、均可以作賓語。但并非每個及物動詞后都可以接不定式或者都能解動名詞。要根據各個動詞的搭配結構選定不定式活動名詞。1. 某些動詞后既可以接不定式又可以接動名詞,其意義差別不大,可以互換。這類動詞有: like love hate dislike begin start continue 等。例: She likes playing(to play ) chess in her spare time.Nobody can bear to be laughed (being laughed) at in public.2. 某些及物動詞后只能接不定式作賓語,不能接動名詞作賓語如(例4)。這類動詞有:h

4、ope, offer, help, expect, learn, demand, decide, refuse, ask, prepare, plan, choose, manage, pretend, fail, wish, agree等。例:She pretended _ me when I passed by. (MET 89.34)A. not to seeB. Not seeingC. To not seeD. Having not seen (A)We agreed _ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. (NMET95.19

5、 )A. learnB. To learnC. LearnedD. Learning (B)3. 某些及物動詞后只能跟動名詞作賓語,不能跟不定式作賓語如(例3)。這類動詞有:mind, suggest, avoid, excuse, finish, allow, admit, resist, miss, enjoy, consider, imagine, advise, permit, prevent, delay, appreciate, give up, put off, feel like, consist on, can't help等。I would appreciate _

6、 back this afternoon. (MET92.18)A.you to callB. you call C. your callingD. youre calling (C)People couldn't help _ the foolish emperor in the procession. (MET83.20)A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. laughing atD. laughing on (C)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. (MET87.38)A.catchingB. to be

7、caughtC. being caughtD. to catch (C)例5 W Nobody was allowed smoking here.R Nobody was allowed to smoke here.分析:某些動詞如: allow permit forbid advise continue 等后面必須接動名詞作賓語，但也可以接不定式的復合賓語。本句為被動語態(tài)，后面的非謂語動詞為不足語。Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. (NMET93.34)Ato inventB. inventing C.

8、to have invented D. having invented (C)4.某些動詞或詞組后接動名詞主動形式表被動意義。這類動詞有：need want require be worth 等。- What do you think of the book? (MET89)- Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to readB. to be readC. ReadingD. being read (C)5.某些動詞如：remember forget regret try 后接動名詞，表示動名詞的動作已經發(fā)生。接不定式表示動作未出現。She

9、 didn't remember _ him before. (MET88.26)A. having metB. have metC. meetD. to having met (A)- The light in the office is still on. (MET91.35)- Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off (C)- You were brave enough to raise objections at themeeting.(NMET9

10、5.26)- Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done (D)例6 W She left here without to tell anybody.R She left here without telling anybody.例7 W I have no idea of what doing next.R I have no idea of what to do next.分析：介詞一般由動名詞充當如例6。但某些介詞如：of on about 后可接一個帶疑問詞的不定式短語作賓語

11、。如例7.Last summer I took a course on _ . (MET90.22)A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC.how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made (A)How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (NMET93.17)A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking (C)例8 W There was an old man lived in the village

12、.R There was an old man living in the village.例9 W The bicycle having stolen last week hasn't been found.R The bicycle stolen last week hasnt been found.例10 W The building completed next week will be used as a library.R The building to be completed next week will be used as a library.分析：分詞，不定式均可

13、以作定語?，F在分詞作定語與被修飾名詞在邏輯上為主謂關系。如例8。Do you know the boy _ under the tree? (MET89.16 )A. layB. lainC. layingD. lying (D)There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.AfollowedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed (B)分析：及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，與被修飾名詞在邏輯上為動賓關系。如例9。Most of the artists_ to the party w

14、ere from South Africa.(MET90.28)A. invitedB. to inviteC.being invited D. had been invited (A)分析：不定式作定語，表將來，現在分詞表進行，過去分詞表被動、完成。如例10。The first test-books_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET94.34)A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD.written (D)【反

15、饋練習】1. To succeed in passing the exam, _.A. one needs to be diligent B. diligence is neededC. one needs be a diligent personD. diligence is what one needs2. He made a long speech _ his ignorance of the subject.A. only to showB. only showing C. showingD. enough to show3. Mr Brown is said _ a new nove

16、l.A. to writingB. to have been writtenC. to be writtenD. to have written4. The old man is said _ a sailor when he was young.A. to have beenB. that he was C. to beD. of being5. _ with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, _ his tail to the rain.A. Trembling, exposingB. Trembled, exposedC.

17、 Trembled, exposingD. Trembling, exposed6. It was so _ a poem that quite a few children were _ to tears.A. moved, movedB. moving, movingC. moving, movedD. moved, moving7. If you want to improved your _ English, you must practise _ it every day.A. speaking, speakingB. spoken, speakingC. spoken, to sp

18、eakD. speaking, to speak8. Do you know the girl _ at the back of the classroom?A. seated B. seatingC. sitD. sat9. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr Zhou _.AIncludingB. being includedC. to includeD. included10. The two farmers _ what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy officer to h

19、and in his map.A. carriedB. were carryingC. carryingD. had carried11. The story-book _ was borrowed from the library.A. which it is on the deskB. which on the deskC. is on the deskD. lying on the desk12. A _ man is often afraid of _.A. dying, deadB. dead, death C. dead, dyingD. dying, death13. The wheat fields are irrigated by water _ from a pond through bamboo pipes.A. bringB. brings C. BroughtD. bringing14. Six _ nine makes fifteen.A. added to B. adds to C. added up toD. added by15. The doctor asked the patient to drink more _ water.A. boiling B. boiled C. coldD. being bo