高考英語作文寫作基礎(chǔ)過渡詞

1、淺談咼考英語作文與作基礎(chǔ)過渡詞及常用句型的使用乎同時(shí))，thereafter (在那以后)，last, fin ally, even tually(終于)乎同時(shí))，thereafter (在那以后)，last, fin ally, even tually(終于)眾所周知，要寫出清晰流暢的文章，需要把文章中各部分巧妙地連接在一起。這樣可使文章自然而別致，并能層層展開主題句，完整地表達(dá)中心思想。而過渡詞(Tran sitio nalWords )是連接這些部分的紐帶。過渡詞是一種關(guān)系指引詞，一般由副詞或起副詞作用的短語承擔(dān)。此外，代詞、連詞、上下文的近義詞等也可作過渡詞。過渡詞能使文章啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、

2、合，融會貫通，連成一體。一、過渡詞的分類1.根據(jù)意思和作用的不同，過渡詞可以分為以下十五類：(1) 表并歹U關(guān)系的過渡詞：and, also , as well, as well as , or, too, not only but also,both and, either or, neithernor(2) 表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過渡詞：besides, in addition (加之，除之外)，moreover(此外，而且),what s more what s worse(3) 表轉(zhuǎn)折對比的過渡詞：but, however, yet, in stead, on the other hand, o

3、n the con trary,although, differe nt from, despite, in pite of, whereas, un like, n evertheless, not onlybutalso, here there, years ago today, this that, the former the latter, thennow, thefirst whereas the second,oncenow,on the one hand on the other hand,some- others(4 )表原因的過渡詞：because, because of,

4、 sin ce, as, for, now that, tha nks to, due to(由于)(5 )表結(jié)果的過渡詞:so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence,so that, such that(6 )表?xiàng)l件的過渡詞 :if, uni ess, on con diti on that, as/so long as(7 )表時(shí)間的過渡詞 :whe n, while, after, before, un til, as soon as, later, afterwards,soon, lately, re

5、cen tly, sin ce, from the n on, even tually, in the mean time,the n,suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in afew days, now, prese ntly, fin ally, at last, all of a sudde n, form now on, at prese nt,immediately, the mome nt(8)表特定的順序關(guān)系的過渡詞:first, firstl

6、y, seco nd, seco ndly, third, thirdly, above all,first of all, the n, n ext, fin ally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后來)，mean while(幾乎同時(shí))，thereafter (在那以后)，last, fin ally, even tually(終于)(9)表換一種方式表達(dá)的過渡詞：in other words, that is to say, to put it ano ther way(10 )表進(jìn)行舉例說明的過渡詞:for instanee, for exam

7、ple, like, such as(11 )表陳述事實(shí)的過渡詞：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth(12 )表強(qiáng)調(diào)的過渡詞 :certa inly, in deed, above all, surely, most importa nt, in fact, nodoubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously(13 )表比較的過渡詞:like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to(14 表目的的過渡詞 for t

8、his reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to(15 )表總結(jié)的過渡詞：in a word(總之，簡言之 ),in gen eral,in short(總之),above all, after all, gen erallyspeak ing, to sum up, fin ally, in con clusi on, at last, in summary2. 文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過渡詞來完成，在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。啟”就是開頭，承”是承接，轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折，合”是綜合或總結(jié)。(1 )用于 啟”的過渡詞語用于表

9、示 啟”的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落或文章的開頭：first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now,at prese nt, i n recent years, in gen eral, gen erally speak ing, at prese nt, lately, curre ntly, Itis ofte n said that,As the proverb says ,It goes without say ing th

10、at ,It is clear/obvious that,Many people ofte n ask (2 )用于 承”的過渡詞語表示 承”的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中：sec ond, similarly, in additi on, besides, the n, furthermore, moreover, what is more, whatis worse, for example, for instanee, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in

11、 particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time,no doubt , It is true that ,Everybody knows that ，It can be easily proved that ,No one can deny thatThe reason why is that ，There is no doubt that ,To take for an example (instanee),We know that ，What is more serious is that (3)用于 轉(zhuǎn)

12、”的過渡詞語用于 轉(zhuǎn)”的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第二個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中:but, however, on the other hand, on the con trary, in con trast, in any case, at any rate（無論如何）,nevertheless（ 雖然如此）,otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of ., yet, i nstead,l do not believe that，Perhaps you II ask why That s why I feel

13、that This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to，Though we are in basic agreeme nt with ,yet differe nces will be found,（4 ）用于 合”的過渡詞語用于 合”的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或文章的結(jié)論段中：in a word, in gen eral, i n short, above all, after all, gen erally speak ing，to sum up, fin ally,in conclusion, a

14、t last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all（畢竟）,even tually, hen ce, in short, in con clusi on, in a word, in sum（總之）,on the whole（ 就整體而言）,to sum upFrom this point of view On acco unt of this we can find thatThe result is depe ndent onThus, this is the reas on why we must 二

15、、過渡詞的應(yīng)用有的學(xué)生在作文中使用過多簡單句，成了簡單句堆砌；有的寫復(fù)雜句時(shí)，動輒用so , and ,then , but, or, however , yet等非但達(dá)不到豐富表達(dá)方式的目的，反而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散、 呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象，可以通過使用不同的過渡詞，不僅能夠豐富句型，而且還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更清楚，意義更連貫。例如：1.學(xué)生習(xí)作TV and websiteTV and website are popular media. They have someth ing in com mon. Both of themmake money from ads. Websites also

16、have differe nt secti ons. You may choose the one you are most in terested in.They are differe nt in many ways. Moving pictures are show n on TV with sound andin terpretati on .It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs cha ngeevery day. Professi onal TV reporters do the report fo

17、r TV.Some informationon websites change all the time. Not all of it is so updated.Everybody can write articles for websites rather tha n professi onal reporter.Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better.這段文字用簡單句表達(dá)，它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。如果使用過 渡詞，將單句與其前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系，就把一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容

18、和關(guān)系表達(dá)得層次 清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。修改后的文章：TV and websiteBoth TV and website are popular media. They have somethi ng in com mon. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most in terested in.However, they are differe nt in many ways.

19、Above all, moving pictures are show n on TV with sound and in terpretati on, which makes you feel as if you are just on the spot. The n, the programscha nge every day and professi onal TV reporters do the report for TV.Un like TV, some in formati on on websites cha nge all the time, but not all of i

20、t is so updated. In additi on, everybody can write articles for websites rather tha n professi onal reporter.In a word, every medium has its own features, so it is hard to say which is better.修改后的文章用過渡詞來銜接上下段第一段第一句為：Both TV and website are popular media.Theyhavesomethingincom mon.第二段第一句為：However, th

21、ey are differe nt in many ways.第三段第一句為：In a word, eve ry medium has its own features這篇短文每一段的第一句都是主題句，在每個(gè)主題句前使用Bothand, However, In aword使全文有序地銜接起來。如果在文章中再恰當(dāng)使用其他的過渡詞，會使文章增色很多。三、常用句型的使用1.那就是（說）；亦即That is to say, =That is, =Namely, 例：我們生活需有規(guī)律。也就是說，早睡早起戒除煙酒。We need to live a regular life. That is, we ca

22、n keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities.2. (A) 基于這個(gè)理由 For this reason (B) 為了這個(gè)目的 For this purpose, 例：基于這個(gè)理由，我已決定把行醫(yī)作為未來的職業(yè)。For this reason, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.3. 我們有理由相信 We have reasons to believe (that) 子句例：我們有理由相信體

23、罰應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格禁止。We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.4. 事實(shí)上As a matter of fact, = In fact, 例：事實(shí)上健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health that counts.For example, (B)拿做例子Take for example.例：例如我們盲目地提高生活水準(zhǔn)，卻降低生活品質(zhì)。For example, we elevate the living standards blindly

24、, but lower the quality of life.6. 此外我們不應(yīng)忽視 Besides (In addition), we should not neglect例：此外，我們不應(yīng)忽視每個(gè)人都想要一個(gè)溫馨祥和的社會。In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society.7. 相反地 on the contrary, = by contrast, 例：相反地少數(shù)學(xué)生似乎還在鬼混。On the contrary, a few students, it seems,

25、are still fooling around.8. 另一方面 on the other hand, 例：政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法，另一方面大眾也應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)減少污染的好習(xí)慣。The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should develop the good habit of reducing pollution.9. 然而很可惜的是 However, it is a pity that 子句 例：然而很可惜的是他總是臨時(shí)抱佛腳。14. 更嚴(yán)重的是However, it is a p

26、ity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.10. 換言之in other words, = to put it differently例：換言之我會盡最大的努力達(dá)成我的目標(biāo)。In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain, live up to) my goal.11. 別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)，但我不是。我認(rèn)為It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that子句例：別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)，但我不是。我認(rèn)為I

27、t may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.12. 從此之后我已發(fā)現(xiàn) Ever since then, I have found that 子句例：從此之后我已發(fā)現(xiàn) Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conf

28、licts in our daily lives.13. 這樣說來，假如 當(dāng)然毫無疑問地 In this light, if , there can surely be no doubt (that) 子句例：這樣說來，假如我們能善用時(shí)間，當(dāng)然毫無疑問地我們會成功。In this light, if we can make good use of time, there can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.14. 更嚴(yán)重的是What is more serious is (that) 子句 例：更嚴(yán)重的是我們不珍惜野生動物。Wha

29、t is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.15. 鑒于社會的實(shí)際需要In view of the practical n eed of society, 例：鑒于社會的實(shí)際需要，愈來愈多人對學(xué)英語有興趣。In view of the practical need of society, there are more and more people interested in learning English.用于文章結(jié)論句16. 如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn) If one can really put the three points

30、 into action (practice),例：如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn) 。If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.17. 做這些簡單之事，我們一定可以 By doing these simple things, we surely can.例：做這些簡單之事，我們一定可以快樂出門平安回家。By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the

31、door happily and come back home safe every day.18. 如此我相信 In this way, I believe (that) 子句 例：如此，我相信大家能夠像我一樣享受乘坐公車的樂趣。14. 更嚴(yán)重的是In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.19. 實(shí)踐這些By putt ing them (the above) into practice, 例：實(shí)踐這些，在智育方面我一直能不斷進(jìn)步。By putting them(t

32、he above) into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.20. (A) 唯有符合此三項(xiàng)要求，我們才能 Only by living up to the three requirements, can we.(B) 唯有通力合作，我們才能 Only with combined efforts, can we . 例：唯有通力合作，我們才能期望臺灣不久有新的面貌。Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to t

33、ake a new face in due course.21. 最后，但并非最不重要 Last but no least, . 例：最后，但并非最不重要，教育上的缺失是助長青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.22. 這證據(jù)顯示 的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。This evide nee shows that the importa nee of.ca nnot be overemphasized.例：這證據(jù)顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.For the se reasons, I例：由于這些理由，我認(rèn)為在臺灣接受大學(xué)教育是明智的。For these reasons, I think that receiving college education in Taiwan is wise.24. 總而言之In con clusi on,= To sum up, 例：總而言之 ?好國民應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。In conclusion, a