小學(xué)英語(yǔ)-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)79809

1、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1. 過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的某動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。（過(guò)去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成）2）He has already come 他已經(jīng)來(lái)了。（過(guò)去某時(shí)開始離開某地到這來(lái)，現(xiàn)在已在這。）2. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。如：1）I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語(yǔ)了。 （六年前開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。）2）I have lived in Shenyang since 1

2、990. 我從1990年就在沈陽(yáng)住。（從1990年開始住在沈陽(yáng)一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。）二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu) 1）肯定式：主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞 2）否定式: 主語(yǔ) + have / has + not + 過(guò)去分詞 3）一般疑問式 Have / Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 4）特殊疑問式 特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)包括 “already, yet,ever, etc”。例如：We have learned about 3000English words by the end of t

3、his term.到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。注意：1) 當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用for 或since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)。例如：Ive known Li Li for 4 years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自從8年前我就在這工作。2) 當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時(shí)，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film. - I havent seen the film yet.He has j

4、ust come. -He hasnt come yet.四、使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)1.“have/ has got ” 形式上是一種完成時(shí)，但和have/ has 為同一意思“有”。 例如：Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have. 你有筆友嗎？是的，我有。 Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasnt. 他有許多工作要做嗎？不，他沒有。2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別。have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還

5、未回來(lái)have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)，人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過(guò)沈陽(yáng)。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽(yáng)10年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽(yáng)了嗎？3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever連用；have/ has gone to則不可。例如: Has Tom ever been to Paris? 湯姆去過(guò)巴黎嗎？ Yes, h

6、es been there many times. 是的，他去過(guò)好幾次了。 Where have they gone? 他們?nèi)ツ睦锪耍?Theyve gone to Shenyang. 他們?nèi)ド蜿?yáng)了。4非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(或稱作終止性動(dòng)詞)不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”的句型中。  這類動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞。arrive, come be here, be in buy havebegin, start

7、be on die be dead get up be up leave, move be away； go out be out borrowkeepfinish/end be over open be open 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)：一、選擇填空1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ?A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she2. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-_you_ your homework yet?A. Do；finish B. Are；finishing

8、 C. Did；finish D. Have；finished3. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since D. for4. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had5. I_a letter from him since he left.A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D.

9、 havent heard6. -Have you ever_Beijing ? -Yes, I have.A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to7. My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been8. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket.A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming9. Where

10、is Mr Liu? - He_ the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D.has went10. We came to Shanghai three years ago, so we_here for two years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone11.- How long_you _your exam paper? - About three months. A. did；buy B. have；get C. have；ha

11、d D. have；bought12. He tells me he _China for over eight years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to13. His parents_ for more than 3 years. A. have come here B. have started to workC. have lived there D. have left the university14I_ a letter from him since he leftAdidn't rece

12、ive Bhaven't got Cdidn't have Dhaven't heard15Where have you _ these days？I have _to Dalian with my friendsAbeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone16How long have you _ this book？Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent17Where's Peter？ He _ to NanjingAis going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent18We ha

13、ve lived here _ five years agoAwhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter19I have watched the game When _you _ it？Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch20. Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twiceAhave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone二用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I_ already _(see) the film. I_(see) it last week.2. _he_(fini

14、sh) his work yet? Not yet.3. _you_(be) to Hong Kong? Yes, I_(be) there twice.4. _you ever_(eat ) chocolate? No, never.5.My father_ just_(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Where's Li Ming? He_(go) to the teacher's office.7.I_(work) here since I_(move) here in 1999.8. How long_ the Wang

15、s _(stay) here ? For two weeks.三. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 (每空一詞)1. I have been to Macau before. (改為否定句)I_ _been to Macau before.2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就劃線部分提問)_ _ he come to school?3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就劃線部分提問)_ _ _ _learned English?4. I bought a new bike just now. (用

16、just改寫)I_ just _a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改為同義句)We_ _English _three years.四填入has / have been 或has / have gone.1. Harry： I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night. Diana： No, it wasn't me. I _ never_ there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren't the

17、y? Where_they _?Sue：To Florida, again.Sam： How many times_they_there?Sue： This is their third visit.3. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn： She's out, I'm afraid. She_to the cinema this evening.Steve： Again? She_already_to the cinema three times this week.五、 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has bee

18、n in Ireland_Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland_three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 o'clock.5. The bus is late. We've been waiting_20 minutes.6. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty_many years.7. Tom has been i

19、ll_a long time. He has been in hospital_October.用法注意1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用，（如表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon）等，除非與for,since連用. 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 如already（肯定），yet（否定，疑問），just,before,recently,still,lately,never等： He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't s

20、een much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet? 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用， 如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等： Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three ti

21、mes. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用， 如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等： Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nu

22、cleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. We have had four texts this

23、semester. 6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"完成用法" 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"完成用法"指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。（動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過(guò)去，但說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)"完成用法"的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)，因此，該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：already，yet，before，recently等）、頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：never，ever，once等）、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：this

24、 morning / month /year.，today等）連用。 例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？ 7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法" 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法"指的是動(dòng)作開始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。 例如：He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來(lái)，他一直住在這兒。（動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。） I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了

25、。（動(dòng)作開始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。） 此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)（由since或for引導(dǎo)），或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如：up to now，so far）等。 例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。 注意：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 8.一段時(shí)間+has passed+since從句 9. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和短語(yǔ) "up to n