unit4_EARTHQUAKE_Grammar語法

1、The Attributive Clause (I)(that, which, who, whose)Unit 4 GrammarUnit 4 GrammarAttribute (定語定語)1. He is an honest boy.2. We love our country.3. Whats your telephone number? 4. She is a beautiful girl.修飾；限定修飾；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定語。找出下列句中的定語。beautiful The positions of the attribute: （定語的位置）（定語

2、的位置）1. This is a flower basket.2. This is a basket full of flowers.3. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.單個(gè)的詞作定語時(shí)要放于被修飾詞單個(gè)的詞作定語時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的前面，短語或從句作定語時(shí)要放的前面，短語或從句作定語時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的后面。于被修飾詞的后面。vHe who laughs last laughs best.vFriendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it i

3、s lost.真正的友誼猶如健康的身體，失去時(shí)真正的友誼猶如健康的身體，失去時(shí)方知其可貴。方知其可貴。誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。Can you translate these proverbs into Chinese?whowhich語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。法規(guī)律。Lets look at the followin

4、g sentences. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.The a

5、rmy organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.These are the sentences with attributive clauses from the reading passage. 1. 定義：定義： 又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。2. 先行詞：先行詞： 被定語從

6、句修飾的名詞或代詞。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。3. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞： 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞which, that, who, whom, whose等等where, why, when在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語和表語在定語從句中作狀在定語從句中作狀語語Relative pronounsRelative adverbsThe man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行詞先行詞放置于名詞之放置于名詞之_，修飾名詞的從句修飾名詞的從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞

7、連接作用連接作用1.2. 在從句中充當(dāng)成分在從句中充當(dāng)成分后后The man who lives next to uswho指代內(nèi)容指代內(nèi)容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主語主語, ,賓語賓語主語主語, ,賓語賓語主語主語, ,賓語賓語賓語賓語定語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省可省不可省不可省1. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓 語，做賓語時(shí)常可省略。語，做賓語時(shí)?？墒÷浴?) Football is a

8、 game which is liked by most boys.2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 2. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或或whom；指；指 物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作。在定語從句中作 主語或賓語，作賓語

9、時(shí)?？墒÷浴Ｖ髡Z或賓語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷?。1)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?2) The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind. 3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. 3. who指人，作主語或賓語指人，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省作賓語可省 略）略） The boys w

10、ho are playing football are from Class One. A person who steals things is called a thief.4. whom指人，作賓語指人，作賓語 (作賓語可省略，如作賓語可省略，如 介詞提前則不能省介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.5. whose在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名在定語從句中作定語，與后面的名 詞為所屬關(guān)系。詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指多指人，也可指 物，指物

11、時(shí)可與物，指物時(shí)可與of which互換使用。互換使用。1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? D

12、o you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl in our class?Her hair is very short.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. that和和which在指物的情況下一般都在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用而不用which。(1) 限制性定語

13、從句中先行詞為限制性定語從句中先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代詞指物時(shí)。等不定代詞指物時(shí)。(something用用that或或which均可均可) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. (2) There be句型中用句型中用that。There is a book on the desk that be

14、longs to Tom.(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4) 先行詞是先行詞是who或或which引導(dǎo)的主句。引導(dǎo)的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished?Which is

15、 the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?(5) 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.(6) 先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much,

16、 the only, the very, the last, just, right等修飾。等修飾。Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 緊跟介詞作賓語緊跟介詞作賓語There are many trees under which they can have a rest.(2) 在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.(

17、3) 作定語作定語 He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.一般用一般用which而不用而不用that的情況。的情況。 當(dāng)主句中的主語是當(dāng)主句中的主語是who時(shí)，只能用時(shí)，只能用that。 e.g. Who is the girl that is standing over there? 在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中,用用who和和whom,及及介詞后面時(shí)只能用介詞后面時(shí)只能用whom。 e.g. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting. There a

18、re 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞that和和who, whom的區(qū)分。的區(qū)分。Beijing is the city _ has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.which / that用合適的關(guān)系代詞填空。用合適的關(guān)系代詞填空。Ye Xin is a nurse _ died in the fight against SARS. who / thatTitanic is the ship _ sank after hitting a

19、n iceberg.which / thatRose and Jack are the lovers _ met on the ship.whoReview本課時(shí)涉及的要點(diǎn)是以本課時(shí)涉及的要點(diǎn)是以that, which, who和和whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法。引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法。通過本課時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)我們需要了解什么通過本課時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)我們需要了解什么是定語從句并學(xué)會選擇正確的關(guān)系代是定語從句并學(xué)會選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞。詞。Individual activity1. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater cha

20、nce of having heart disease than those _ dont. (2006北京北京) A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /Quiz I: Multiple choice 2. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (2006福建福建) A. whose B. which C. of which D. that3. The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while h

21、e was working abroad. (2007上海春上海春) A. that B. all that C. all what D. which4. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (2009湖南湖南) A. which B. of which C. that D. whose5. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I h

22、ad ever met before. (2009全國全國I) A. them B. who C. whom D. these6. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. (2009天津天津) A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever7. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (2010全國全國II). A. who B. that C. as D.

23、 what8. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京北京) A. what B. whose C. which D. that9. Ive become good friend with several of the student in my school _ I meet in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南湖南) A. who B. where C. when D. which 10. The

24、newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江蘇江蘇) A. that B. it C. what D. which 11. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. (2010山東山東) A. that B. which C. whose D. what12. The old temple _ roof was damag

25、ed in storm is now under repair. (2010陜西陜西) A. where B. which C. its D. whose14. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. (2011全國全國I) A. that B. which C. whose D. what15. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海上海) A. wh

26、ich B. where C. when D. as 1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door.The woman who lives next door is ateacher.1 The nurse is kind. 2 The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.Quiz II: 合并下列句子。合并下列句子。1 Kevin is reading a book. 2 The book is too diffi

27、cult for him.Kevin is reading a book which/that is too difficult for him.1 I have a friend. 2 He likes listening to classical music.I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.1 Many people were afraid to swim in the sea. 2 They saw the film Jaws.Many people who/that saw the film Jaw

28、s were afraid to swim in the sea.1 It is about a big white shark. 2 It attacks swimmers.It is about a big white shark which/that attacks swimmers.1 I know the doctor.2 His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.1 Have you seen my book?2 The books cover is red.Have yo

29、u seen my book whose cover is red?1. 昨天我看的那部電影非常令人感動。昨天我看的那部電影非常令人感動。2. 他丟失了他父親給他的那塊手表。他丟失了他父親給他的那塊手表。3. 剛才跟你講話的那個(gè)人是我們的校長。剛才跟你講話的那個(gè)人是我們的校長。The film that I saw yesterday is very moving.He lost the watch that/which his father gave him.The man who talked with you just now is our principal.Quiz III: Tra

30、nslation (1) 中譯英中譯英4. 我撿到的那本書是小王丟失的。我撿到的那本書是小王丟失的。5. 我們最需要的東西是時(shí)間。我們最需要的東西是時(shí)間。6. 我最喜歡的學(xué)科是英語。我最喜歡的學(xué)科是英語。The book which/that I picked up is the one that Xiao Wang lost.The thing that we need badly is time.The subject that/which I like best is English.7. 站在學(xué)校門口的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。站在學(xué)校門口的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。8. 你知道那個(gè)馬尾辮你知道那個(gè)馬尾辮 (ponytail) 長長的女長長的女 孩嗎？孩嗎？9. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了那位教授上星期給我們做我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了那位教授上星期給我們做 的講座。的講座。 The man who is standing at the school gate is our teacher.Do you know the girl whose ponytail is long?I will never fo