虛擬語氣難點(diǎn)把握

1、虛擬語氣難點(diǎn)把握虛擬語氣一直都被認(rèn)為是英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個難點(diǎn)，因此也便成為了各類考試的熱點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)就虛擬語氣的一些問題歸納如下，以幫助解決擬語氣這個語法難點(diǎn)。一、動詞wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1. 用wish表示現(xiàn)在的祝愿和報歉。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語 be和were(was)，實(shí)義動詞用過去式。例：I wish the wereat home this time.2. 用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時或could+現(xiàn)在完成時。例：I wish I hadn thurt him so much。3. 用wish表示對將來事情的愿望。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語從

2、句的謂語為would/could/might+動詞原形。例：I wish I might be ableto come tomorrow 。二、用在一般虛擬條件句中的虛擬語氣(一) 表示與現(xiàn)在、過去、將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：if+主語+動詞的過去式(be變were) +其他主句：主語+would(should, could, might)+ 動詞原形+其他例: If I were you, I would go with him.2. 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：lf+主語+過去完成時+其他主句：主語 +should(would, cou

3、ld, might)+ 現(xiàn)在完成時 + 其他。例: If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.3表示對將來事實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：lf+主語+should (were to )+動詞原形+其他主句：主語 +would (could, should, might)+ 動詞原形例: If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you.(二)從句和主句要根據(jù)各自發(fā)所生的時間選用符合具體時間的虛擬語氣形式1. 從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在。If they h

4、ad stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.2. 從句表示將來，主句表示過去。If I were n ot to make a preparati on for my experime nt this after noon, I would have gone tosee the film with you last night 。3. 從句表示過去，主句表示將來。If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn dare to do the expe

5、riment next week。4. 從句表示將來，主句表示現(xiàn)在。If we should n ' t have an exam this after noon. I would go shopp ing now.三、可以引起與事實(shí)相反的方式狀語從句，用虛擬語氣由as if、as though引起的與事實(shí)相反的句子，不論主句的謂語是現(xiàn)在時或者說過去時， 其謂語表示的時間概念和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，都基本上與wish后的賓語從句相同。例：John pretends as if he didn t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very

6、 well.(用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實(shí))They talked and talked as if they would n ever meet aga in (would+ 動詞原形，表示與將來事 實(shí)相反)四、 在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞的后面，其賓語從句的謂語用“ should動詞 原形”表示虛擬語氣常用的此類動詞有：表示 要求"的：ask, desi

7、re, request, dema nd, require, beg表示 提議、勸告、建議 "的： move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示 決定、命令"的：decide, order表示 主張"的： maintain, urge表示 同意、堅持 "的：consent, insist例: The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He in sisted that we (should ) tell him the n

8、ews.上述動詞的名詞形式，dema nd, desire, requirme nt, advice, order, decisi on, recomme ndatio n,suggestion,以及 necessity, preferenee, plan, motion, idea 等名詞，其后的表語從句或同位語從 句，也用“should動詞原形 表示虛擬語氣?，F(xiàn)代英語，特別是美國英語，常省去“should,”例：The advice is that we (should) leave at once.He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was

9、warmly welcomed.五、在“It is (was)+形容詞(或過去分詞)+that"結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語從句的謂語也用“should+原形動詞表虛擬語氣美國英語中省去should,常用的形容詞和過去分詞有：表示 要求"的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirable表示 建議"的：suggested, recommended,表示 迫切、緊近、重要 "的：imperative, urge nt, n ecessary, esse ntial, importa nt, vital表示 適當(dāng)、較好 &

10、quot;的：appropriate, advisable, better, preferable表示 可能"的：probable, possible表示命令"的：ordered例: It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.It is required that n obody (should)smoke here.六、由下列名詞或短語引導(dǎo)，或含有某些詞的從句中應(yīng)用的虛擬語氣1. “l(fā)est以免、惟恐"引導(dǎo)的從句用“shuld動詞原形”He took a map w

11、ith him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.2. “ whether不管、無論"引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，有時用動詞原形。All things, whether you know or don ' t know, exist in the world.3. 用"would rather/had rather would just as表示n"寧愿、但愿”，后面的賓語從句謂語用過去式或動詞原形表示對將來的要求，用過去時表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望，用過去完成時表示對過去做的事的懊悔。Don' t live in the w

12、orld, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.I would rather you go tomorrow.I would rather everythi ng had n t happe ned in the past.4. 用“hadhoped”表示原來希望做到而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語從句的謂語用“ woul+動詞原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay inChi na.5. 在“

13、It i(high/about) time+that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的主謂語用一般過去時， 偶爾也可以用 would(或should)+動詞原形，或 had rather (would rather)+動詞原形。It is hihg (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(注意與“ This is the first/second后從句ifh用現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別。6. 用 “without/but for/in the absenee of 表示 要不

14、是”，如果沒有"(相當(dāng)于 if it were not for)表示條件時，句中一般用虛擬語氣。(也可用陳述語氣)Without your help, I couldn t finish my work on time.In the abse nee of water and air, nothing could live.7. 由 “providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that 引導(dǎo)的條件從句或目 的從句，根據(jù)情況，可用虛擬語氣。(有時也可用陳述語氣)They are willi ng surre nder provid