牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊一定語(yǔ)從句詳解附習(xí)題

1、定語(yǔ)從句。定義。an exciting match:形容詞可以放在名詞之前作定語(yǔ)，來(lái)修飾名詞 the book in my hand:介詞短語(yǔ)可以放在名詞之后作定語(yǔ)，來(lái)修飾名詞。 但如果修飾名詞的定語(yǔ)不是某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)句子時(shí)，我們就要使用定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句通常跟在所要修飾的中心名詞（先行詞）之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。 定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于形容詞或者介詞短語(yǔ)的作用。注意。1.從句相當(dāng)于整個(gè)句子的一個(gè)成分，因此，從句不能單獨(dú)使用。She saw that he was sleeping.(賓語(yǔ)從句) I am reading the article which is about your

2、 experience in the UK.(定語(yǔ)從句)2.先行詞 定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫“先行詞”，因?yàn)樗偸翘幵诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的前頭，比定語(yǔ)從句先行一步。 先行詞通常為人、物或者是事情。e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.3.關(guān)系詞 從意義上說(shuō)：先行詞定語(yǔ)從句的組成部分從結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō)：先行詞不在從句中出現(xiàn) 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并取代先行詞在從句中的成分 e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.關(guān)系詞的功能：

3、1. 關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)（動(dòng)作發(fā)出者）The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves.The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.2. 關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)作接受者）We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.3. 關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)

4、Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.4. 關(guān)系詞作定語(yǔ)（通常為所有格）She has a brother. I cant remember his name.She has a brother whose name I cant remember.5. 關(guān)系詞作狀語(yǔ)（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)）The school is in Shenzhen. He studies in the schoolThe school wh

5、ere he studies is in Shenzhen.4.定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞(relative pronouns)who, whom, which, that, as, whose等跟在先行詞的后面，指代先行詞，引出定語(yǔ)從句。 在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)的作用。先行詞 人 事物 人+事物 主語(yǔ) who /that which / that that 賓語(yǔ)whom / who /that which / that that 表語(yǔ) that that that 定語(yǔ)whosewhose / of which / who的用法 先行詞必須是人

6、，作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)e.g. The man who spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer.The girl who you saw just now is Jane.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用whom, that替換, 可以省略。whom的用法 先行詞必須是人，作賓語(yǔ)。 通?？梢允÷?e.g. The girl whom / who / that you saw just now is Jane.which的用法 先行詞必須是事物，作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)e.g. This is the book which / that was written in

7、easy English by our English teacher. 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞不可省略。The pictures (which / that) he drew in the 1980s are on show.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省略。注意(whom & which)： whom & which做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞?？商崆?，即介詞+whom/which+從句，此時(shí)whom & which不能由who或that代替，不能省略。e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money.The chair on which she

8、is sitting is made of wood.但當(dāng)介詞置于從句末尾時(shí)，whom可以由who或that代替，which可由that代替，都能省略。e.g. This is the man (whom / that / who) your son always begs money from.有一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞是固定搭配，不可拆開(kāi)，一般還是放在動(dòng)詞之后，不提前。 He is the student who the teachers are looking for.The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是否可

9、以拆分，關(guān)鍵看拆分后與拆分前的意思是否相同。如果意思不變，可以拆分，否則不行。 that的用法 1)that可作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)（取代who或which），賓語(yǔ)（取代who或whom或which） 2)關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)，必須使用that，指代人或物，可以省略。 e.g. My father is no longer the man (that) he was. My hometown is not the small town that it used to be twenty years ago.3)that的特殊用法必須使用that的情況。當(dāng)先行詞是人+事物時(shí)。e.g.They talked

10、 about the teachers and schools that they had visited.The police had great trouble in diverting the men and the cars that had blocked the way.當(dāng)先行詞跟在系動(dòng)詞be后作表語(yǔ)，或關(guān)系詞本身作定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞必須用that，但也可以省略e.g.My father is no longer the man (that) he was. He thought his daughter would be the dancer (that) she alw

11、ays wanted to be. Its a book (that) will help you a great deal.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞如the first, the last 等詞修飾時(shí)。e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the first choice that I have made.She is the most careful girl that I have ever known.This is the last letter that I received from him. 當(dāng)先

12、行詞前面有the only, the very, one of, any, no, every, few, little等詞修飾時(shí)。e.g. The only person that seems to know the truth is Doctor Brown.Any person that wants to succeed must work hard.There is no difficulty that we can not overcome.I have read all the books that can be borrowed here. 當(dāng)先行詞本身為不定代詞如anythin

13、g, something, nothing, everything, all, much, few, little, none, the one時(shí)。e.g.All that I want is peace and stability.There is little that I can do.There is nothing that I can tell you.I have tried everything that I can think of.I do not mean this one. I mean the one that was bought yesterday.注意：anyb

14、ody, nobody, everybody等不在此列。 不能使用that的情況。當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句前有介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不能用that。that不能用于非限制性定于從句。當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those, 指人時(shí)，用who。e.g.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.當(dāng)先行詞是he時(shí)，用who。(多諺語(yǔ)) e.g.He who plays with fire gets burnt.He who laughs at last laughs best.當(dāng)先行詞本身是t

15、hat時(shí)，用which或who避免重復(fù)不能用于非限制性定于從句。s that which flashed in the sky just now?whose的用法 whose作定語(yǔ)從句中的定語(yǔ)，表示所修飾的“某（些）人的”或“某物的” 。 e.g.The boy whose name is Tom is the top student in my class.Look at the house whose roof is red.注意： 當(dāng)whose指代物時(shí)，whose+從句結(jié)構(gòu) =of which+從句 =of which the+從句 e.g. Look at the house whos

16、e roof is red.Look at the house, the roof of which is red.Look at the house, of which the roof is red.as的用法 1)as用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句so as；suchas；the sameas；2)as用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。代表所修飾的句子，作用相當(dāng)于which，但比which多一層“正如”的意思。 e.g.She is very careful, as (= which) her work shows.It is like a snake, as (= which) anybody can see

17、. 但要注意，當(dāng)as從句置于句首時(shí)，as不能由which取代。e.g. As he had hoped, he saw the play. 3)as的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)as we all know 眾所周知as is well-known 眾所周知as has been said before 如上所述as we had expected 正如人們所預(yù)料的那樣as anybody can see 正如人人都看到的那樣as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣關(guān)系副詞(relative adverbs) when, where, why 等跟在先行詞的后面，指代先行詞，引出定語(yǔ)從句分別表示時(shí)間、

18、地點(diǎn)和原因。在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的作用。1)when 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) when代替at / in / on / during/since which等，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。2)where 在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) where代替at / in / to which等，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 3)why 在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ) why引導(dǎo)從句作reason的定語(yǔ)，可以用for which取代，充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。注意：當(dāng)先行詞為某個(gè)時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/reason時(shí)，關(guān)系詞的選擇要依據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中的功能。 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上 限制性定語(yǔ)從句前沒(méi)有“，” 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前有“，”

19、 關(guān)系詞 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，可以使用that非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞不可省略，不用that意義上 限制性定語(yǔ)從句如果刪除，主句意義不完整。翻譯成“的” 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)先行詞補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪除后，主句仍然能夠表達(dá)清楚 e.g.Her brother who/that is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。 Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥總是鼓

20、勵(lì)她上大學(xué)，她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的。 其他考點(diǎn)關(guān)系詞的省略 只有關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 The young man (who) you saw was our manager.There is something (that) we must keep in mind.在表示方式的“the way”之后的定語(yǔ)從句有三種引導(dǎo)方式I dont like the way you answered my question.I dont like the way that you answered my question.I dont like the way in which you answered

21、 my question.定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致的問(wèn)題 Mr. Smith, who _ now downstairs, _ asking to see you.Mr. Smiths, who _ now downstairs, _ asking to see you.Jeff is one of the students who _ punished.Jeff is the only one of the students who _ punished.I, who _ a senior high student, should learn hardKeys：is,is;are,are;are;

22、is;am.that使用時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的矛盾1. The very chair on _ she is sitting is made of plastics.2. My sister is a nurse, _I am not. Keys:which;who.請(qǐng)找出下列各句中的錯(cuò)誤并加以改正。 1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two

23、. 4. The house in that we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who

24、 they remembered in the country. 9. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 11. The reason which he didnt go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, his mother died last year, stud

25、ies very hard. 14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. 15. Were going to visit the school where your brother works there. 16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way which they work. 18. Those have questions can ask the teachers

26、for advice. 19. Who is the man who has white hairs? 20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea. 答案與部分解析: 1. wherethat/which或去掉where。 2. 把for放在looking之后。英語(yǔ)中,有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,介詞或副詞不可與動(dòng)詞相分離。又如:look after, run into等。 3. whowhom。盡管在口語(yǔ)中who, whom都能作賓語(yǔ),但在介詞后只能用whom。 4. thatwhich。 5.

27、 thatwhich。that不可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 6. whichthat或去掉which。當(dāng)先行詞被all, every, no,some, any, little等修飾時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 7. whichthat或去掉which。當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)或the only,the very等所修飾時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 8. whothat。如果先行詞既指人又指物時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 9. whichthat或去掉which。當(dāng)先行詞為something, anything,everything, nothing, all等時(shí),常由that引

28、導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 10. thatwhich。 11. whichwhy/which前加for或去掉which。 12. wantswant。定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞一致。 13. hiswhose。 14. themwhom或both前加and。 15. 去掉there。 16. havehas。當(dāng)one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)作先行詞時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);但是當(dāng)one前有the (only)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。 17. whichthat/which前加in或去掉which。 18. Those后加who。 19. 第二個(gè)whothat。當(dāng)主句是以who 或which開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí), 定語(yǔ)從

29、句常用that 引導(dǎo), 以避免重復(fù)。 20. whichwhen或which前加in。選擇題1This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory _computers are built ? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which of4

30、.The man _has arrived . A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade _we are talking ? A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born . A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. Th

31、e comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class . A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which10.The school _I s

32、tudy is a new one . A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands,_the largest is Taiwan . A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what b. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house _door facts to

33、 the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _your father nodded ? A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom15.Wresting is a sport in _people easily get hurt . A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _I know . A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom17.China h

34、as a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun . A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18. Is this factory _we visited last year ? A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _was there ? A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ? A. that B. wh

35、ich C. whose D. who21. I still remember the day _she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22. The knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp . A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _the young men competed in were difficult . A. in which B.

36、 which C. it D. who Key:1-5DCCDA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 23 DAB定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.AwhichBwithCwith itDwith which2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.Aof whomBby thatCby whomDby which3、The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he cou

37、ld see what it was going on inside the house.Aon whichBat whichCthrough whichDin which4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain whichBworn byCthrough whichDon which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.Athat followedBto followCfollowi

38、ngDfollowed6、You may take anything useful .Awhich you wantByou want themCwhat you wantDyou want7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.Alike BthatCasDwhich8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.Aof whoBof whomCof whichDof them9、You can take any seat is free.Ain which BthatCwhereDwh

39、ich10、Is there anything to you?Athat belongBwhich belongsCthat belongsDthat is belonged11、We hope to get such a tool he is using.AwhereBthatCasDwhich12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.AtillBthatCsinceDwhich13、She hasnt got enough money she buys the rings.Afor whichBw

40、ith whichCthatDwhich14、Ive read all the books were borrowed from the library.AtheyBwhichC/Dthat15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.AitBwhereCthatDwhich16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?AitBwhichC/Dthat17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.Aon whichBwhe

41、reCin thatDduring which18、The train she was traveling was lateAon thatBfor whichCon whichDwhich19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.Aon whichBthatCwhenDwhere20、Ill show you a store you may buy all you need.Athat, thatBwhich, thatCwhere, whichDin which, /21、I still rem

42、ember the day she first wore that pink dress.Aon whichBon thatCin which Dwhich22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?AwhyBwhichCfor thatDfor why23、Is some German friends visited last week ?Athis school whereBthis school oneCthis the schoolDthis school24、Is there any one in your class

43、family is in the city.AwhoseBwhichCwhosDwho25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?Awhich you talkedBthat you talkedCabout that you talkedDyou talked about26、This is one of the best films this year.Awhich has been shownBthat have been shownCthat have shownDhave been shown27、Do you know the man ?A

44、that I spokeBI spoke toCto who I spokeDwhom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.Atwo-thirds in whichBtwo-thirds in themCtwo-thirds of them Dof whom two thirds29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.Aneither of themBnone of themCneither of whichDnone of which30、He b

45、uilt a telescope he could study the skies.Aby itBthrough whichCwith thatDin which31、Do you know the reason he was late?Afor whichBfor whatCwhichDthat32、 has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.AAsBThatCWhatDWhich33、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.AwhoBwhatCthatDas34、Theyre

46、 invented me to their party, is kind of them.AthisBthatCwhichDas35、Crusoes dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.AthisBthatCwhichDas36、There isnt so much noise in the country in big cities.AasBwhereCwhichDthat37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.AwhoBwhenCwhereDwhich38、Next

47、month, youll be in your hometown, is coming.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhich39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.AwhichBthatCwhenD/40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.AthatBwhenCwhoDwhich、Fill in the blanks：1、This is the professor taught me chemistry i

48、n 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the Peoples Republic of China was founded.7、They wo

49、rk in a factory makes radio parts.8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here.12、She is going to spend th

50、e summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.13、Well put off the meeting till next week, we wont be so busy.14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He was often late, made his teacher v

51、ery angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.、Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be eas