-ing形式之現(xiàn)在分詞（講義）

1、.高中英語-ing形式之如今分詞1. 通過學(xué)習(xí)本課，可以全面掌握如今分詞的根本形式及其根本用法。2. 通過學(xué)習(xí)本課，可以掌握如今分詞作表語、定語和狀語等句法功能。重點(diǎn)：學(xué)生可以正確運(yùn)用如今分詞來解決語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中的問題。難點(diǎn)：學(xué)生可以運(yùn)用句法功能及固定搭配等選用如今分詞的正確形式。1. 對(duì)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的考察歷來是高考中的熱點(diǎn)。要求考生正確理解分詞的句法功能，正確分析句子構(gòu)造。2. 高考對(duì)于如今分詞的考察主要集中在語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中，要求考生對(duì)適用如今分詞的情況有足夠的認(rèn)知，可以準(zhǔn)確判斷出何時(shí)需要用如今分詞形式。如今分詞的根本形式及其根本用法如今分詞在形式上與動(dòng)名詞一樣，由“動(dòng)詞+i

2、ng構(gòu)成，如今分詞可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，按照時(shí)態(tài)可以分作一般式和完成式，按照語態(tài)可以分作主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式。類型構(gòu)造意義一般式doing 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展或與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式having done強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或者發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前否認(rèn)式not doing/not having done一般式的否認(rèn)式/完成式的否認(rèn)式被動(dòng)式being done/having been done一般式的被動(dòng)式/完成式的被動(dòng)式He came up to me, saying, “Glad to see you here.他朝我走來，說著“很快樂遇見你。The question being discussed

3、is of great importance.正在被討論的問題非常重要。Having been scolded by his mother, he made up his mind to give up smoking.被母親責(zé)怪過之后，他下定決心要戒煙。Not knowing her address, I telephoned her to meet me at the airport.不知道她的地址，我打 讓她到機(jī)場(chǎng)接我。Not having finished his homework, he had to stay up late last night.因?yàn)檫€沒有寫完作業(yè)，昨夜他不得不熬

4、夜到很晚。According to the report, people in the _ areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads _ to the area have been repaired.A. flooded; lead B. flooding; leadingC. flooding; to lead D. flooded; leading答案：D思路分析：句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，洪災(zāi)區(qū)的人們正在重建他們的家園，并且很多通往災(zāi)區(qū)的路也已經(jīng)修好了。flooded意為“被水淹的；many roads和lead之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用lea

5、ding。如今分詞作表語作表語的如今分詞多已經(jīng)演化為形容詞，即為-ing形容詞作表語，表示“令人的。常見的-ing形容詞有：amusing, amazing, boring, confusing, disturbing, exciting, encouraging, frightening, interesting, inspiring, missing, moving, surprising, tiring, puzzling, worrying, sitting等。The news that we both have passed the final exam is really exci

6、ting.我們倆都通過了期末考試的消息確實(shí)令人沖動(dòng)。The places where we spent our summer holiday are quite interesting.去年夏天我們度假的那幾個(gè)地方相當(dāng)有趣。假如該形容詞指抽象概念，那么謂語動(dòng)詞那么用單數(shù)形式。The true is to be distinguished from the false.真假必須明辨。The unexpected has happened.出乎意料的事情發(fā)生了。The news that her missing daughter had been found was .A. excited B.

7、to be excited C. excitementD. exciting答案：D思路分析：此題中含有一個(gè)同位語從句，是news的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。作表語的應(yīng)該是如今分詞exciting，或者稱之為ing形容詞，譯為“沖動(dòng)人心的，令人興奮的。如今分詞作定語如今分詞作定語1表示所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與被修飾的詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，可表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。2單個(gè)如今分詞作定語，位于被修飾詞之前；分詞短語作定語，位于被修飾詞之后。3如今分詞的完成式having done / having been done通常不用作定語，只用來作狀語。I saw a w

8、aiting taxi.= I saw a taxi which is waiting.我看到一輛正在等人的出租車。The bird singing in the tree is beautiful.在樹上唱歌的小鳥非常漂亮。Do you know the man standing over there?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在那邊的那個(gè)人嗎？The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. ×The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake w

9、ill be rebuilt soon. 被地震毀壞的廟宇很快就會(huì)重建。Its reported that 289 more trains were added _ passengers on Sunday to meet the needs of those people _ home for the Spring Festival.A. to take; returning B. taking; returningC. taken; to return D. take; returned答案：A思路分析：句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，周日又增開了289趟列車以滿足人們回家過年的需求。第一空，不定式作目的狀

10、語；第二空，如今分詞短語作后置定語，修飾those people。如今分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語如今分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語與它之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即賓語是其邏輯上的主語，用于以下復(fù)合構(gòu)造中。1感官動(dòng)詞：see, hear, smell, feel, watch, observe, notice, find, catch.I hear someone knocking at the door.我聽到有人正在敲門。I smell something burning in the kitchen.我聞到廚房里有東西燒著了。His letter left me feeling upset.他的信讓我感到難過。在se

11、e, hear, feel, watch, observe等詞后，即可以用如今分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展。也可以用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示動(dòng)作的全過程。I saw a boy getting on the bus.我看見一個(gè)男孩正在上公共汽車。I saw a boy get on the bus.我看見一個(gè)男孩上了公共汽車。2使役動(dòng)詞：have, get, keep, leave, setIm sorry to have you waiting for such a long time.很抱歉讓你一直等了這么久。Can you get the clock going ag

12、ain?你能讓鐘表再走起來嗎？He was caught stealing a bike.他被抓住偷自行車。A cook will be immediately fired if he was found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked答案：B思路分析：“find后接如今分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語。此句中“smoking是主語“he的補(bǔ)足語，所以稱為主語補(bǔ)足語。表示主動(dòng)的正在發(fā)生的事。根據(jù)“immediately可判斷出“廚師當(dāng)場(chǎng)被發(fā)如今廚房吸煙會(huì)被立即開除。答案B。如今分詞作狀語如今分詞作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、

13、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。1如今分詞作時(shí)間狀語：1. 一般式：即動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，其動(dòng)作發(fā)出者是句子的主語，此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由when、while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。2. 完成式：動(dòng)詞-ing表示的動(dòng)作完成后，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作才發(fā)生。分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者仍然是句子的主語。Comparing the differences of the two cultures, you may find that they have a lot in common. 當(dāng)你比較兩種文化的不同時(shí)，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者有很多的相似之處。

14、 Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play. = After he finished his homework, the boy went out to play. 完成作業(yè)后，男孩出去玩了。2如今分詞作原因狀語：均可轉(zhuǎn)換為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。動(dòng)詞-ing的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或緊接著發(fā)生，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，用完成式having done表示原因。Being a student, you should concentrate most of you

15、r attention on your study. 作為一名學(xué)生，你應(yīng)該將主要的注意力集中在學(xué)習(xí)上。3如今分詞作條件狀語假如， 除非。如今分詞作條件狀語，多置于句首，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.沿著這條路一直走，你就會(huì)找到那家百貨商店。4如今分詞作讓步狀語：雖然，盡管，無論，不管。如今分詞作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。有時(shí)如今分詞可帶有連詞although, whether, even if, even though.Knowing all this, I st

16、ill want to see it for myself.盡管知道了一切情況，我還是想親自去看一看。5如今分詞作方式、伴隨狀語伴隨謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。主要用來說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或狀況。一般情況下，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的動(dòng)作與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)展，其動(dòng)作發(fā)出者就是句子的主語。謂語動(dòng)詞是主要?jiǎng)幼鳎瑒?dòng)詞-ing是陪襯動(dòng)作。伴隨或方式狀語位于句首或句中及句末均可。They came here running. 他們是跑著來的。The children played in the water, laughing and jumping. 孩子們?cè)谒锿?，又笑又跳?如今分詞作結(jié)果狀語：表示自然而然的結(jié)果，而

17、不定式作結(jié)果狀語那么表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。動(dòng)詞的-ing在句中作結(jié)果狀語，通常位于句末并中間有逗號(hào)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣，常在分詞前加上thus, therefore等副詞。往往指由于前面的動(dòng)作或事件造成的相應(yīng)的結(jié)果，沒有完成式形式，只有一般式構(gòu)造?！緟^(qū)別】動(dòng)詞不定式用結(jié)果狀語與動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語不同。動(dòng)詞不定式位于句末，其前常與only, never等副詞連用，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。My car was held up in the traffic jam, therefore causing the delay.=My car was held up in the traf

18、fic jam, therefore it caused the delay.=我的汽車遇到交通阻塞，因此耽誤了。The old lady hurried to the market, only to find her money stolen on the bus.那個(gè)老太太匆匆趕到市場(chǎng)，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的錢在公共汽車上被盜了?！癥ou cant catch me! Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran答案：B思路分析：“running away在此作“shouted的伴隨狀語，由珍妮特發(fā)出這一動(dòng)作，故用如今分詞。答案

19、B。1. Miss Li, _ with the company for over 10 years, is on the way to being promoted as manager of the sales department.A. having worked B. workedC. to have worked D. working2. _ quite well in the important exam, he came back home,_ and smiling.A. Having done; relaxedB. Having done; relaxingC. Having

20、 been done; relaxingD. Done; relaxed3. Mr. Smith often stays up,_ lessons, books spread all over the desk.A. preparing B. preparedC. to prepare D. prepares4. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room.A. to make B. having made C. made D. making5. _ a written permission, he had to write another letter to the pr