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1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、【知識(shí)精講】(一)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式: 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)名詞 。其中, 不定式和動(dòng)名詞能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。1. 不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)( 1 )一般來(lái)說(shuō),這兩者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以互換,但不定式作主語(yǔ)多表示將來(lái)或某種特定的情況,而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)則通常表示一般情況 。它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)多用 單數(shù) 。To make/Making money is not the only purpose of our life.賺錢(qián)不是我們生活的唯一目的。( 2 )為了平衡句子, 通常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ) ,而把不定式短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在句末。a. 常用不定式作主語(yǔ)的句

2、型It's difficult/important/necessary for sb. to do sth.It's kind/good/friendly/polite/careless/rude/cruel/clever/foolish/brave of sb. to do sth.b. 常用現(xiàn)在分詞作主語(yǔ)的句型It's no good/use/fun doing sth ; It's a waste of time doing sth. ; It's worthwhile doing sth.2. 不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)( 1 ) 不定式 作賓語(yǔ)a.

3、常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage,pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, afford, happen, wait, threaten等。We agreed to meet at the school gate.我們一致同意在校門(mén)口見(jiàn)面。b. 動(dòng)詞 tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”作賓語(yǔ)。Please

4、tell me when to start the project.請(qǐng)告訴我何時(shí)開(kāi)始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。c. 在動(dòng)詞 find, think, consider, feel, make, believe等后,常用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ),然后加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),最后加不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)。We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。( 2 ) 動(dòng)名詞 作賓語(yǔ)d. 常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有 consider( 考慮 ), suggest, look forward to, admit, delay, fancy( 象,設(shè)想 ),

5、 avoid, miss, keep, practise, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, risk, can't help, mind, escape 等。He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他試圖對(duì)我的問(wèn)題避而不答。e. 由 “動(dòng)詞介詞” 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有be/get accustomed to( 習(xí)慣于 ), feellike( 想要 ), insist on( 堅(jiān)持 ), get down to( 開(kāi)始著手做), object to( 反對(duì) ), stic

6、k to( 堅(jiān)持 ), give up( 放棄 )等。It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.我該認(rèn)真思考一下那篇論文了。f. 下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),也可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ),但意義上有區(qū)別 。mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味著做某事; forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 (未做)forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事(已做) ; regret to do sth. 對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾(未做) regret doing sth. 對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示

7、后悔(已做) ; try to do sth. 盡力去做某事try doing sth. 試著做某事; go on todo sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事; remember to do sth. 記著去做某事(未做) remember doing sth. 記著做了某事(已做)3. 不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)( 1 ) 一般來(lái)說(shuō), 不定式作表語(yǔ)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái), 故在表示 “目的 (aim, purpose) 、 愿望 (wish, hope) 、夢(mèng)想 (dream) 、 需求 (need) ” 等 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 其表語(yǔ)用不定

8、式。 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)一般用來(lái)表示身份、 職業(yè) 等。My dream is to become a scientist.我的夢(mèng)想是要成為一名科學(xué)家。My job is teaching. 我的工作是教學(xué)。( 2 ) 現(xiàn)在分詞 作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明 主語(yǔ)所具有的特征; 過(guò)去分詞 多表示 主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。The speech was inspiring. 這個(gè)演講很鼓舞人心。The students were greatly inspired.學(xué)生們受到了極大的鼓舞。(二)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1. 不定式 作定語(yǔ)( 1 )不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。The question to be discussed at t

9、he meeting is very important.將在會(huì)議上討論的那個(gè)問(wèn)題是非常重要的。( 2 )有些名詞后大多用不定式作定語(yǔ),如ability, desire 等。一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果它們的 形容詞形式是“ beadj. to do ”搭配的話,其名詞形式也是如此。( 3 )不定式作定語(yǔ)的特殊情況:被修飾的名詞前有the 等限定詞時(shí) ,只能用不定式。序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next, last, only 和 not a,Mr Peterson is always the first person to arrive at the training centre.皮特森先生總是第一個(gè)到達(dá)訓(xùn)練

10、中心的人。2. 分詞 作定語(yǔ)( 1 ) 現(xiàn)在分詞 表示 主動(dòng)意義 ; 過(guò)去分詞 一般表示 被動(dòng)意義 。The child standing over there is my brother.站在那兒的那個(gè)小孩是我弟弟。The frightened child stood there still.那個(gè)嚇壞了的小孩站在那里一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。( 2 ) 現(xiàn)在分詞 表示 正在進(jìn)行 ; 過(guò)去分詞 表示 狀態(tài)或完成。Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?你要見(jiàn)那位正在辦公室里寫(xiě)病歷的醫(yī)生嗎?A broken c

11、up is lying on the ground.地上有一只破碎的杯子。( 3 )動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式( to be done ) ,現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式( being done )和過(guò)去分詞( done )作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè) 即將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作 ;現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作 ;過(guò)去分詞表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作 。The building being built now will be a restaurant. 正在建造的大樓將會(huì)是一個(gè)賓館。The building to be built next year will be a restaura

12、nt. 明年即將要建造的大樓將會(huì)是一個(gè)賓館。The building built last year is a restaurant.去年建造的這座大樓是一個(gè)賓館。(三)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. 不定式 作賓補(bǔ)have( 讓), notice,常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞: ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage (sb.to do sth.)see, watch, hear, feel, let, make (sb. do sth.)與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念: 主動(dòng)關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成。The teacher encour

13、aged me to study hard.I heard him call me several times.Who would you like to have do the experiment2. 現(xiàn)在分詞 作賓補(bǔ)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞: notice, see, watch, hear, find, have( 讓 ), feel, keep, leave (sb./sth. doing)與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念: 主動(dòng)關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,尚未完成。I found her listening to the radio.He has the machine running all the ti

14、me.I won't have my students cheating in the exam. ( 否定句中表示“容忍” )3. 過(guò)去分詞 作賓補(bǔ)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞: notice, see, watch, hear, find, have( 讓 ), feel, keep, leave (sb./sth. done)與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念: 被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。We found the village greatly changed.She was surprised that the washing machine she had had repaired wen

15、t wrong again.【歸納拓展】( 1 )感官動(dòng)詞 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如 hear, feel, find, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe, smell, see等詞后可以接省去to 的動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞及過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的句型有( 以 hear 為例 ):hear sb do sth 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人做了某事(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程)hear sb doing sth 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人正在做某事(表示正在進(jìn)行)hear sth done 聽(tīng)說(shuō)某事被做(表示已經(jīng)完成)I heard her sing an

16、English song just now. 剛才我聽(tīng)到她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday. 昨天經(jīng)過(guò)她的房間的時(shí)候,我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在唱英文歌。I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day. 幾天前我聽(tīng)到一個(gè)小女孩唱了一首英文歌。【特別提醒】省略不定式符號(hào)to 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后要加上不定式符號(hào) to 。She was heard to sing an English song at the p

17、arty. 她在聚會(huì)上唱了一首英文歌。( 2 )常見(jiàn)的 使役動(dòng)詞有make, leave, have, get 等 賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間表示主動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)make sb do sth使得某人做某事get sb to do sth 使得某人開(kāi)始做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)使/ 讓某人開(kāi)始行動(dòng)起來(lái))have sb do sth 使得某人做某事have sb doing sth 使得某人一直做某事(在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中表示“容忍,允許” ) leave/keep/get sb/sth doing sth使 . 保持某種狀態(tài)leave sb to do sth 留下某人做某事 Mother had me go to the

18、 shop and buy some salt.媽媽讓我去商店買(mǎi)些鹽。You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you.你可以讓你的兒子幫你提這個(gè)重箱子。His question got the students thinking.他的問(wèn)題使學(xué)生們思考起來(lái)。I won't have you walking home all by yourself.我不會(huì)讓你獨(dú)自走回家的。It's wrong of you to leave the machine running.你讓機(jī)器一直開(kāi)著是不對(duì)的。He went to the cin

19、ema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work.他去看電影了,留下我一個(gè)人去做所有余下的工作。 賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間表示被動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)make/get/have sth done使/ 讓某事被做leave sth to be done 留下某事要去做/ 要被做leave sth done 使 . 處于某種狀態(tài)I'll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(請(qǐng)人)修一下我的自行車(chē)。Tom had his legs broken while playing football. 湯姆踢足球時(shí)傷了腿。The g

20、uest left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn't taste delicious.大部分的菜客人們都沒(méi)有動(dòng),因?yàn)樗鼈儾豢煽?。We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.我們匆匆忙忙結(jié)束了會(huì)議,留下許多問(wèn)題等待解決。(四)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1. 不定式 作狀語(yǔ)( 1 )通常 表示目的 ,前面可用 in order 或 so as ,以示強(qiáng)調(diào) 。I saved every cent (in order) to buy a car.我

21、攢每一分錢(qián)是為了買(mǎi)一輛小汽車(chē)。( 2 ) 表示結(jié)果時(shí)常用于 too.to, enough to do sth., only to., never to.等結(jié)構(gòu)中。溫度足以高到把水變成水蒸汽。The temperature is high enough to change water into steam.他急忙回家,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)錢(qián)被偷了。He hurried home only to find his money stolen.He left his home town in 1938, never to be heard from again. 1938年他離開(kāi)了他的家鄉(xiāng),之后再也沒(méi)有他的消息。

22、The boy is too young to dress himself. 那個(gè)男孩太小了不能給自己穿衣服?!咎貏e提醒】1. 當(dāng)不定式前的形容詞為 nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad等時(shí), too.to 表示 肯定 。They are (only) too nervous to leave. 他們 (非常 )急于離開(kāi)。2. 當(dāng)不定式前有 否定意義 的詞時(shí)表示肯定 。It's never too late to learn. 活到老,學(xué)到老。(3) so.as to/such.as to 意為“如此以至于 “,也表示 結(jié)果

23、。He was so angry as to be unable to speak.他如此生氣以至于說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.他如此笨以至于相信那個(gè)騙局。( 4 )用在 某些形容詞 的后面。I am overjoyed to hear the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我太高興了。They are sure to win the match. 他們一定會(huì)贏下這場(chǎng)比賽。2. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示 時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式。Given more time, I can do the work better.如果

24、多給一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,我能做得更好一些。 (條件狀語(yǔ) )Coming into the room, he found his father angry. 當(dāng)走進(jìn)房間時(shí),他發(fā)現(xiàn)父親生氣了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Born a free man, he was now in chains. 雖然他生下來(lái)是自由的,現(xiàn)在卻戴著鐐銬。(讓步狀語(yǔ))Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early.受到噪音的干擾,我們只好提前結(jié)束了會(huì)議。 (原因狀語(yǔ) )He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, lo

25、oking rather pleased.他把一個(gè)手指放進(jìn)嘴里,嘗了嘗,笑了,看起來(lái)挺高興。 (伴隨狀語(yǔ) )【特別提醒】現(xiàn)在分詞和 only to do sth. 都可以表示結(jié)果,但是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示自然而然的結(jié)果 ,即由于前句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生而自然造成的結(jié)果,而only to do sth. 表示出乎意料的(往往是不太好的)結(jié)果。她父母雙亡,留下她一個(gè)孤兒。Her parents died, leaving her an orphan.我一路跑到郵局,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局關(guān)門(mén)了。I ran all the way to the post office, only to find it closed.(五

26、)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有一般時(shí)、完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)變化,有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。1. 不定式時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)to doto be done進(jìn)行時(shí)to be doing完成時(shí)to have done to have been done( 1 )不定式的一般時(shí)(to do) :不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作 同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,或不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后。He pretended to be very friendly with me.他假裝對(duì)我很友好。( 2 )不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)(to be doing) :強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式的動(dòng)作 正在進(jìn)行。He pretended to be r

27、eading the newspaper when I came in. But I noticed he was holding the newspaper upside down. 我進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候他假裝在看報(bào)紙??墒?,我注意到他把報(bào)紙拿反了。( 3 )不定式的完成時(shí)(to have done) :不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。He pretended to have already known about the secret.他假裝已經(jīng)知道了這個(gè)秘密。 Is Bob still performing? 鮑勃還在表演嗎? I'm afraid not. He is said

28、to have left the stage as he has become an official.可能沒(méi)有。 據(jù)說(shuō),他當(dāng)官后就離開(kāi)了舞臺(tái)。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)doingbeing done完成時(shí)having donehaving been done( 1 ) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般時(shí)(doing) : 現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作 同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生, 或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Arriving at the station, he found the train had left.他到達(dá)車(chē)站的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。( 2 )現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)(having done) :強(qiáng)

29、調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作 發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。在參觀完實(shí)驗(yàn)室后,Having been shown around the lab, the visitors were taken to the playground.參觀者被帶到操場(chǎng)上。3. 過(guò)去分詞表示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生或同時(shí)發(fā)生,表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。Given more time, I'll do it better.給我多一些時(shí)間,我會(huì)做得更好。(六)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式有: 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)為了表示 某動(dòng)作明確的主體 ,要帶上不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)

30、,此時(shí)用 for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth.兩種形式。 there be 句式的不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用 for there to be 。It's too early for there to be anyone in the street.太早了,沒(méi)有人在街上。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),直接用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),而當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu): sb./sb.'s doing sth. ,如果是人稱代詞也可以用賓格形式Would you mind me/my openin

31、g the door?我把門(mén)打開(kāi),你介意嗎?Tom's being polite is praised by all.大家稱贊湯姆講禮貌。3. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)與整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí) ,需要用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多作伴隨狀語(yǔ), 亦可用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、 原因、 條件等。 結(jié)構(gòu)如下: 主干(主語(yǔ)1 謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)), 主語(yǔ) 2 doing/havingdone/done( = having been done)That being the case, we'd better make some changes in the plan.情況既然如此,我們最好改

32、變一下計(jì)劃。Weather permitting, we will go out.天氣允許的話,我們會(huì)出去。The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.老師結(jié)束了課程,學(xué)生們 離開(kāi)了教室。(七)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的省略非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的省略主要是指 “連詞分詞”和不定式的省略。不定式的省略包括下面三種情況: 省略不定式的符號(hào)to 而保留動(dòng)詞;承前省略不定式動(dòng)詞而保留不定式的符號(hào) to ;兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞承前省略to 。1. 省略 to 的不定式: 省略不定式的符號(hào)to ,而保留不定式的動(dòng)詞 。(

33、 1 )省略 to 的不定式作合成謂語(yǔ)不定式不可以單獨(dú)使用, 但是可以和助動(dòng)詞、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。 have to, be able to, ought to, used to 等短語(yǔ)中的 to 在任何情況下都不可以省略。( 2 )省略 to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)a. help 后面的不定式帶不帶to 都可以。Why not help (to) sweep the floor? 為什么不幫忙把地板掃一下?b. 不定式前面的句子部分有do 的各種變化形式,后面的句子用不帶to 的不定式。She can do nothing but wait in the cold.她什么也不能做,只能在寒冷

34、中苦等。c. cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but后接不帶 to 的不定式。I cannot but admire his great courage. 我不得不佩服他的非凡勇氣。2. 省略不定式的動(dòng)詞而保留不定式的符號(hào) to當(dāng) 不定式的動(dòng)詞在上文已經(jīng)出現(xiàn), 或在下文將要出現(xiàn)時(shí), 為了避免單調(diào)的重復(fù), 常常將 to 后面的動(dòng)詞省略,而保留不定式的符號(hào)。( 1 )形容詞 happy, glad, pleased, anxious, eager, willing, ready, lucky等后面的動(dòng)詞省略。 Why not stay for

35、a cup of tea, Tom?為什么不留下來(lái)喝杯茶呢,湯姆? I'd be glad to, but I'll have to leave now.非常樂(lè)意,但我現(xiàn)在不得不離開(kāi)了。( 2 )固定短語(yǔ) used to, have to, would like/love to, be able to, be about to, be supposed to中的動(dòng)詞可以省略,但 必須保留不定式的符號(hào) 。I don't want to attend the meeting, but I have to.我不想?yún)⒓舆@個(gè)會(huì)議,但我不得不去。 Would you like to

36、 go to the cinema with me tomorrow afternoon?明天下午你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎? I'd like to, Mum, but I have been invited to a party by Jane. It is her birthday.我很想去,媽媽?zhuān)乙呀?jīng)受簡(jiǎn)邀請(qǐng)去她的生日派對(duì)了。二、【典例精練】1. (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.【答案】 Travelling/Traveling【解析】句意:沿著古老的絲綢之

37、路旅行是一種有趣且有益的體驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處所在短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ),故用動(dòng)名詞。2. I didn't mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn'thelp(try) it.【答案】 to eat ; trying【解析】 句意: 我沒(méi)打算吃東西, 但這冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住品嘗了一下。 mean to do sth.打算做某事; mean doing sth. 意味著做某事; can't help doing sth. 禁不住 / 忍不住做某事; can&#

38、39;t help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事。3. Since I was small, my parents have told me that it is no use (bother) about those whoalways stand still and refuse to make progress.【答案】 bothering【解析】 句意: 從我小時(shí)候起, 我的父母就告訴我為總是故步自封的人而煩惱是沒(méi)有什么用的。 It is no usedoing sth. 是固定句型,意為“做某事沒(méi)有用” ; bother about sb. 意為“為某人而煩惱” 。4.

39、China has clear actions(address)environmental protection, sustainable developmentand climate change.【答案】 addressing【解析】句意:中國(guó)為應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)保、可持續(xù)發(fā)展以及氣候變化采取了明確的行動(dòng)。分析句子成分可知,本題為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ),修飾actions ,再結(jié)合句意可知, actions 與 address 之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。5. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from

40、butterflies toelephants.【答案】 ranging【解析】句意:國(guó)家公園有大量的野生動(dòng)物,從蝴蝶到大象都有。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且空格處與其邏輯主語(yǔ)a large collection of wildlife 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。6. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.【答案】 spent【解析】句意:吉姆已經(jīng)退休了,但他仍然記得與學(xué)生們一起度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, the hap

41、py time 與 spend 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且此處表示一個(gè)已完成的動(dòng)作,所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。7. US singer Bob Dylan was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature, becoming the first songwriter (win) the honour.【答案】 to win【解析】句意:美國(guó)歌手鮑勃迪倫獲得了2016年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng),成為第一個(gè)獲此殊榮的詞曲作者。名詞前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),后面要用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。8. I was watching the clock all through the meeting,

42、 as I had a train (catch).【答案】 to catch【解析】句意:開(kāi)會(huì)期間我一直在看鐘表,因?yàn)槲乙s火車(chē)。 have sth. to do 意為“有某事要做” ,因此這里用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),修飾a train 。9. They're having a discussion in the meeting room. The decision (make) at the meetingmay have a big effect on our mission.【答案】 to be made【解析】句意:他們正在會(huì)議室開(kāi)會(huì),會(huì)議上的決定可能對(duì)我們的任務(wù)有巨大的影響。根

43、據(jù)句意可知,會(huì)議正在開(kāi),決定還尚未被做出,故用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)。10. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph(take).【答案】 taken【解析】句意:我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照,因此我得去讓人給我照相。本句是have sth. done 結(jié)構(gòu),意為“使某事完成” 。 my photograph 與 take 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞形式。11. The goal, which they are unlikely to live to see(accomplish), is to“ cure, prevent

44、ormanage all diseases ” in the next 80 or so years.【答案】 accomplished【解析】句意:他們有生之年不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)是在未來(lái)80 年左右“治愈、預(yù)防或控制所有疾病” 。 thegoal 與動(dòng)詞 accomplish 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,指目標(biāo)被完成,此處用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),完整形式為 see the goal accomplished 。12. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it (perform) live is quite another.【答案】 bein

45、g performed【解析】句意:在家里面聽(tīng)音樂(lè)是一回事,去到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽(tīng)又是另一回事。此處表示“聽(tīng)到音樂(lè)正在被演奏” 。 13. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expectednumber of 12,000 held by market analysts.【答案】 exceeding【解析】 句意: 在此期間創(chuàng)造了約 13 500 個(gè)新增就業(yè)崗位, 超過(guò)了市場(chǎng)分析員預(yù)計(jì)的 12 000 個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 were created ,所以此處應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 “新增就業(yè)崗位的數(shù)

46、量”與“超越”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。14. During the Mid - autumn Festival, family members often gather together(share) ameal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes.【答案】 to share【解析】句意:在中秋節(jié)期間,家庭成員經(jīng)常聚到一起吃飯、賞月和品嘗月餅。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,空格后的內(nèi)容是家人聚在一起的目的,故此處用不定式。15. Many Chinese brands,(develop) their reputations over centu

47、ries, are facing newchallenges from the modern market.【答案】 having developed【解析】句意:很多中國(guó)品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹(shù)立了聲譽(yù),它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場(chǎng)帶來(lái)的新挑戰(zhàn)。本句的主語(yǔ) Many Chinese brands 與動(dòng)詞 develop 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 因此用現(xiàn)在分詞, 又根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) over centuries 可知,此處用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。 16. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, e-mailing.but we seem(lose) the art ofc

48、ommunicating face to face.【答案】 to be losing【解析】句意:今天我們有聊天室,短信,電子郵件但我們似乎正在失去面對(duì)面交流的藝術(shù)。seem只能接不定式,再根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)today 可知用進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。17. (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different wordorder.【答案】 Translatedthe sentence 與動(dòng)詞【解析】句意:翻譯成英文之后,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子有完全不同的語(yǔ)序。句子主語(yǔ) translate

49、之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。18. Listen! Do you hear someone(call) for help?【答案】 calling【解析】句意:聽(tīng)!你聽(tīng)到有人在呼救嗎? 該空在句中為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),根據(jù)someone 與 call的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,由“ Listen ! ”可判斷此處表示正在求救,故用現(xiàn)在分詞。19. Mrs White showed her students some old maps(borrow) from the library.【答案】 borrowed【解析】句意:懷特夫人向?qū)W生們展示了一些從圖書(shū)館借來(lái)的老地圖。根據(jù)句意可知, bo

50、rrow 和 maps 是 被動(dòng)關(guān)系且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。20. All flights(cancel) because of the terrible weather, we had no alternative but to gothere by train.【答案】 cancelled【解析】句意:由于惡劣的天氣,所有的航班都被取消了,我們只好乘火車(chē)去那里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知, cancel 與其邏輯主語(yǔ) all flights 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞 cancelled 。21. His newly released film consists of many separate scenes, most of them(ref

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