名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞有哪些用法怎樣

1、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞有哪些用法怎樣 名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞是否在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分的情況連接代詞： what, which, who, whom, whose連接副詞： when, where, why, howwhat, which在從句中作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)； who在從句中作主語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)； whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)； whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)； when, where, why, how在從句中分別作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、 原因狀語(yǔ)、 方式狀語(yǔ)連詞that否連詞whether, if否名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞在高考中的基本用法詳見下面的總結(jié)：1. 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)詞在轉(zhuǎn)為引導(dǎo)名詞性

2、從句時(shí), 即成為連接代詞(主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose)或者連接副詞(主要包括when, where, why, how).注意體會(huì)如下例句： Choose which you like best. 選你最喜歡的./ Who has taken away my bag is unknown. 誰(shuí)拿走了我的包還不知道./ Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你們是否已經(jīng)決定提名誰(shuí)做候選人了?/ He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allow

3、ed to go home. 他問(wèn)什么時(shí)候可以允許吉爾伯特先生回家./ Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我們?cè)谀膬嚎梢圆榈剿牡刂愤€是個(gè)難題./ Why he did that wasnt quite clear. 他為什么做那件事還不十分清楚./ How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他們將怎樣解決這個(gè)嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題還沒有決定.以下兩種特殊情況要給予特別關(guān)注：(1) what作連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句既可以表示一個(gè)問(wèn)“什么?”的問(wèn)題, 也可

4、以表示相當(dāng)于“名詞/代詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的意思, 這種特殊用法在語(yǔ)法上被稱作“關(guān)系代詞型的what”, 注意體會(huì)如下例句：He is not what (=the person that) he was a few years ago. 他不是幾年前的他了./ This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱作鹽湖城的地方./ What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 現(xiàn)在的北部撒哈拉

5、沙漠曾是一個(gè)文明世界./ Our income is now double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago. 我們現(xiàn)在的收入是十年前的兩倍./ The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning. 花朵(現(xiàn)在的)顏色與它早上的顏色不同.(2) 帶ever后綴的疑問(wèn)詞除引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句之外, 還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(“no matter疑問(wèn)詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 不可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句), 注意體會(huì)以下例句： W

6、hoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.無(wú)論誰(shuí)想看這部電影, 今晚都可以和我們一起去./ You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票給任何你想給的人./ All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like. 所有的書都在這兒, 你愿借哪本就借哪本./ Ill do whatever you ask me to do. 你叫我做什么, 我就做什么.2. that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)后面接完整的陳述句

7、, that只起引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的作用而不充當(dāng)該名詞性從句中的具體成分； 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that?？墒÷? 但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、 表語(yǔ)從句、 同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that通常不被省略.例如：She hoped (that) he would arrive on time. 她希望他按時(shí)到達(dá).(賓語(yǔ)從句)That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被選中了讓我們很開心.(主語(yǔ)從句)I have the belief that I will succeed. 我懷有必勝的信念.(同位語(yǔ)從句)that, what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別在于： that在其引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)

8、任何成分, 在有的情況下可以省略； what需要在其引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ), 而且引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的what在任何情況下都不能省略.例如：That he will succeed is obvious. 顯然, 他會(huì)成功.(引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that不在其中充當(dāng)具體的句子成分)What she told me is not true. 她所告訴我的都不是真的.(what在其引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ))3. whether與if均可以引導(dǎo)表示“是否”之意的名詞性從句, 且whether與if均不在這種名詞性從句中充當(dāng)具體的句子成分.在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)whether與if一般可以互

9、換, 但在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、 表語(yǔ)從句、 同位語(yǔ)從句、 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、 放于句首的賓語(yǔ)從句或者名詞性從句中包含or (not) 時(shí)通常只能用whether作引導(dǎo)詞.注意體會(huì)下列例句： I dont know if/whether I can help you. 我不知道我能否幫助你.(賓語(yǔ)從句)/ Whether we can really help you, I dont know yet. 我們是否真的能幫助你, 我還不知道.(位于句首的賓語(yǔ)從句)/ The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girls feelings. 老師為是

10、否傷害了那女孩的感情而擔(dān)心.(介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句)/ The question is whether they can cooperate with us. 問(wèn)題是他們能否與我們合作.(表語(yǔ)從句)/ The question whether he should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon. 他該親自來(lái)還是派人替他來(lái), 這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須定下來(lái).(同位語(yǔ)從句)/ The little girl asked her father whether she should go to the party or not. 那女孩問(wèn)她

11、的父親她應(yīng)不應(yīng)該參加這個(gè)晚會(huì).(包含or not的賓語(yǔ)從句)注意： 肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句, 否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句, 例如： I doubt whether its true. 我懷疑它是否是真實(shí)的./ I doubt if that was what he wanted. 我懷疑那是否是他所想要的./ I dont doubt that you are honest. 我不懷疑你的誠(chéng)實(shí)./ She never doubted for a moment that she was right. 她對(duì)自己是正確的這一點(diǎn)從不懷

12、疑.考題1 Could you do me a favor? It depends on _ it is. (2006北京)A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever答案 C解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)on后的賓語(yǔ)從句, 并且在該賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ), 表示疑問(wèn)句“What is it? (你要我?guī)偷拿κ鞘裁?)”的含義.注意： 題干中沒有用 “whatever” 進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)的必要.考題2 I think its going to be a big problem. Yes, it could be. I wonder _ we can do about it

13、. (2002北京春)A. if B. how C. what D. that答案 C解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)wonder后的賓語(yǔ)從句并且在該賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)do的賓語(yǔ), if, that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)都不充當(dāng)名詞性從句中的句子成分, how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)充當(dāng)名詞性從句中的方式狀語(yǔ), 因此應(yīng)排除A、 B、 D而選出C.本題中what we can do about it可以理解為對(duì)應(yīng)于疑問(wèn)句“What can we do about it?”的名詞性從句, what引導(dǎo)的這種名詞性從句跟其他疑問(wèn)詞形式的引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的含義相近.考題3 You can only be sure o

14、f _ you have at present: you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. (2007安徽)A. that; what B. what; 不填 C. which; that D. 不填; that答案 B解析 第一個(gè)下劃線處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)可以引導(dǎo)of的賓語(yǔ)從句泛指“你現(xiàn)在所擁有的東西”且在該賓語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)部充當(dāng)have的賓語(yǔ)的詞, 這樣的引導(dǎo)詞只能是what, 由此可以直接排除選項(xiàng)A、 C、 D而選出B.考題4 _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. (19

15、96)A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what答案 A解析 名詞性從句what we cant get和what we have中what都充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ), 都屬于關(guān)系代詞型的what, 本身不表示疑問(wèn)而表示泛指相關(guān)的事物； “what we cant get”相當(dāng)于包含定語(yǔ)從句的“things that we cant get”, “what we have”相當(dāng)于包含定語(yǔ)從句的“things that we have”.考題5 It is generally considered unwise to give a child

16、_ he or she wants. (1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案 B解析 whatever在這里的用法跟關(guān)系代詞型的what一樣, 其引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句“whatever he or she wants”泛指一個(gè)孩子想要的任何東西.考題6 It was a matter of _ would take the position. (1998上海)A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever答案 A解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句充當(dāng)介詞of的賓語(yǔ), 在其引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)部充當(dāng)

17、的是主語(yǔ)(通常用who指代)而不是賓語(yǔ)(通常用whom指代), 而且題干中沒有提供強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何人”的語(yǔ)境, 因此應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞who.考題7 Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007山東)A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who答案 C解析 下劃線處引導(dǎo)speak to之后的賓語(yǔ)從句, 表示“(負(fù)責(zé)國(guó)際銷售的)任何人”, 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whoever適合.考題8 Mary wrote an article on _ the team had fa

18、iled to win the game. (2005)A. why B. what C. who D. that答案 A解析 下劃線處引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句屬于介詞on的賓語(yǔ), 在該名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ), 所以應(yīng)選A.考題9 Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006)A. where B. when C. how D. what答案 B解析 題干中所有句子都圍繞時(shí)間展開, 因此應(yīng)填入表示時(shí)間的when引導(dǎo)remind的直接賓語(yǔ).考題10 Information has b

19、een put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. (上海2000)A. while B. that C. when D. as答案 B解析 陳述客觀情況的名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞之后是完整的陳述句, 引導(dǎo)詞本身不充當(dāng)該名詞性從句中具體的句子成分, 有這樣用法的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that.本題下劃線處引導(dǎo)了information的同位語(yǔ)從句(為避免頭重腳輕, 本句中information的同位語(yǔ)從句與information之間被謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分隔開).考題11 The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed