RegisterTheory 語域理論

1、.Register Theory.語域理論是系統(tǒng)功能語法的重要理論之一，源于“英國(guó)的語境主義”；Register 這個(gè)概念最初是由Raid 在1956年研究雙語現(xiàn)象時(shí)提出來的；英籍波蘭人人類學(xué)家Malinowski在20世紀(jì)提出了兩個(gè)重要的概念：“情景語境”（context of situation)和文化語境（context of culture);Firth 將語境概念發(fā)展為“語義存在于語境”的理論；20世紀(jì)60年代，Halliday 繼承并發(fā)展了Firth的理論。.3definition of registerdefinition of registerLanguage varies a

2、ccording to the situation in which it is used, and these varieties of language can be referred as registers. Halliday (1964) defines register in terms of fieldfield, tenortenor and modemode.4 field(場(chǎng)境）場(chǎng)境） The FIELD refers to the subject matter or content being discussed.The field includes:the topic;

3、the interactants. The topic of discourse can be:specialised/technical(e.g. talking about the environment etc.)everyday(eg.talking about shopping etc.) The interactants may have:specialised knowledge of the field(e.g.a scientist writing for an article for an academic journal);common knowlege off the

4、field(e.g. the readers of a newspaper article).5FieldCan also determine syntax certain grammatical constructions may be favoured, or disfavoured Some constructions may deviate from the “norm”.The net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide was meansured by add covarian methods for 3 years in two growth

5、 forest sites near Santarem,Brazil. Carbon was lost in the wet season and gained in the dry season, which was opposite to the seasonal cycles of both tree growth model predictions. The 3-year average carbon loss was 1.3(confidence interval:0.0 to 2.0)megagrams of carbon per hectare per year.(Science

6、 Magazine 28.11.2003)Failure to take action to combat climate change will cause environmental catastrophe and cost the global economy $20 trillion a year by the end of the century, the pressure group Friends of the Earth says today.In a report based on research from more than 100 scientific and econ

7、omic papers, the group says allowing global warming to continue unchecked will mean a teperature rise 4C by 2100, causing economic damage worth up to 8% of glpbal GDP.(The Guardian 13.10.2006).7 Mode(語式）語式） The MODE refers to the channel of the communicationlanguage can be : written; spoken; written

8、 to be spoken (e.g. a political speech).Language can be: spontaneous (e.g.conversation); planned(e.g. a composition or article).conversation is spotaneous, interactive and often accompanies actions. The language of conversation is characterized by: hesitation,interruptions; interrogatives and impera

9、tives;ellipsis，etc. .A:what are you doing this summer?Are you going to beach? Are you going to the mountains? Or.?B:Possibly,yeah.I want to do some traveling. Um,I may go up to Switzerland and visit a friend-check out the mountains there.A. WowFormality/informality V. Written /spokeneg.formal spoken

10、 language I see.um. good.Mr.Thompson. it was very pleasant interviewing you and well let you know of decision. I think we can wind up now. well let you know of our decision as soon as Ive decided the matters together with the committee. Youll be hearing from us.(taken from a job rmal w

11、ritten languageTake a long look at there amazing creatures-because it could be your last chance. for a shocking new report carried out by experts from aroud the globe has found that up to 60,000 specie are becoming extinct EVERY YEAR.9Tenor(交際者）交際者）The TENOR refers to the type of role interaction, t

12、he set of relevant social relations, permanent and temporary, among the participants involved.the relationships between the interactans varies according to: status ; affective involvement; contact.we are very pleased to hear that you have been appointed to represent Cercles at the 7th ELP Seminar in

13、 Vilnius, lithuania. I would be very grateful if you could let me have your full postal address so that we can send you a signed invitation. In the meantime, please find attacted the draft programme and other documents concerning the seminal.HIIIIII!thanks sooo much for sponsoring me.im very very gr

14、ateful.how are things?so you can probably tell from the late reply of this email that i havent really got myself organised, though i have just send off my accommodation application form for southampton.uni.ooo exciting.11FieldRelates to the subject matterwhat you are talking about determines vocabul

15、ary in particular Specialised meanings of words, especially if a technical field (maybe narrower or broader than the words meaning in another field) Preferred interpretations of ambiguous words Words that are not used outside the field.12Mode relates to Lexis and grammar There are things that you sa

16、y but you wouldnt write down and vice versaPhonology Euphony (pleasant sound), alliteration are aspects of mode Written representation of dialect.13Tenor determines VocabularyChoice of synonyms according to level of formality Private slang, “l(fā)ocal” clichs, colloquialismsSyntax / orthographyUse of co

17、ntractions, ellipsesCertain constructions may be more or less formalPhonologyAccentPragmaticsPrecision more or less toleratedUse of pronouns and deictic referenceParalinguistic featuresIntonationPitch and volume.14Formality ScaleQuirk et al. (1965) suggest a scale of “Attitudes” (tenor): Very formal, Frozen, Rigid FORMA