動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)及雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

1、動(dòng)詞不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理（1）定義： 動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)： “to +動(dòng)詞原形”，即 “to do”,其中 to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 否定形式為： not / never + to do句法功能：一、 用作主語(yǔ) 多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。E.g. To learn English well is not easy. = Its not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our d

2、uty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe.(眼見為實(shí)；百聞不如一見) 【翻譯】成為一個(gè)老師是我的夢(mèng)想。 . 疑問(wèn)詞+不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)可置于句首。How to learn English well is important. 補(bǔ)充：用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名詞to do

3、It's our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容詞for sbto do 邏輯主語(yǔ)It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容詞of sbto do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teac

4、her says. 注意：在中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)人的評(píng)價(jià)。在不定式前的sb.，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb. is形容詞to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English. = Yo

5、u are kind to help me with my English. It seems(appears)形容詞to do It seemed impossible to save money. 【練習(xí)】1. Its very nice of them (send) me the flowers. 2. (become) a teacher is my dream. 3. Its very important to learn English well.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) English well very important. 4. It's our duty _ the room

6、 every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans 5. It's hard for us _ English well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning 6.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。 It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover. 7. It's very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for

7、C. to， for D. of， to二、 用作賓語(yǔ)1. 可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有： 在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)?！揪毩?xí)1：在課文中找出后接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的詞并歸納】單詞不定式及其否定形式單詞不定式及其否定形式19210311412513614715816【練習(xí)2】1. They want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrase

8、s. 2. Its time for class. Please stop _(talk).3. Id like _(go) to the Temple of Heaven.4. We decided _ at the end of this month. A. travelB. not start outC. to leaveD. going5. The teacher told us _in bed. A. Dont readB. read not C. to not read D. not to read2. 動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)

9、代替真正的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是 .feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do.。如： I find it difficult (remember)everything. I find it a good way (提高)my English.歸 納 及 注 意及物動(dòng)詞+不定式一般形式：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(vt.)+不定式(作賓語(yǔ))說(shuō) 明want(想) / try(試圖) / decide(決定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜愛) / learn(學(xué)會(huì)) / agree(同意) / fail(失敗、未能) /

10、 wish(希望) + to (do)(無(wú))help(幫助)to可以省略begin(開始)/ start(開始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟動(dòng)名詞,意義變化不大forget(忘記) / remember(記得)/ like(總愛) 也可跟動(dòng)名詞,意義變化較大及物動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式： 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(vt.)+wh-疑問(wèn)詞+不定式 (作賓語(yǔ))說(shuō)明tell (告訴) / show (顯示) / know (知道) / ask (問(wèn)) / find out (發(fā)現(xiàn)) / understand (明白) / learn(學(xué)會(huì)) / forget(忘記) / remember(記得) / teach sb.(

11、教某人) what where+ how + to (do)whowhich不定式疑問(wèn)形式還可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。注意： 后跟不帶to 的動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞， see sb. do sth. / watch sb. do sth. / make sb. do sth. /have sb. do sth. / let sb. do sth. 【鞏固練習(xí)】1. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. A. hasB. have C. to have D. having2. _the computer is

12、 a problem. A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use3. The teacher told us _in bed. A. dont readB. read notC. to not read D. not to read4. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _? A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it down D. to turn down it5. Its cold outside. You had b

13、etter _ your coat. A. to put onB. putting on C. puts on D. put on二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. It took half an hour _(get) to the World Park from Kittys school.2. It was interesting _(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.3. They want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kittys

14、classmate Daniel taught himself how _(make) a home page.5. He put his photos on it for everyone _(look) at.6. Help him _(put) the photos in the correct order.7. He made the girl _(cry) yesterday.雙賓語(yǔ)定義： 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受著，一個(gè)是物，一個(gè)是人，采用下列表達(dá)方式： 動(dòng)詞+人+物= 動(dòng)詞+物+介詞 +人。 此時(shí)，人為間接賓語(yǔ)，物為直接賓語(yǔ)，這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)稱為“雙賓語(yǔ)”。結(jié)構(gòu)： “及物動(dòng)詞+間

15、接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)” 或 “及物動(dòng)詞+ 直接賓語(yǔ)+ to/for +間接賓語(yǔ)”例子： I give you a rose. 【主語(yǔ)】 【動(dòng)詞】 【間接賓語(yǔ)】 【直接賓語(yǔ)】 I give a rose to you. 【主語(yǔ)】 【動(dòng)詞】 【 】 【 】 【 】【判斷】 I passed him an apple. I passed an apple to him.【辨析點(diǎn)】 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為“及物動(dòng)詞+ 直接賓語(yǔ)+ to/for +間接賓語(yǔ)”時(shí)，根據(jù)動(dòng)詞不同，介詞有時(shí)為 to, 有時(shí)為 for .其中to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示“朝著，向著，對(duì)著”；其中for側(cè)重 指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示“為了，替”。 常

16、見搭配： to for give sb. sth. = give sth.to sb. buy sb. sth. = give sth.for sb. send sb. sth. = send sth.to sb. make sb. sth. = give sth.for sb. show sb. sth. = show sth.to sb. cook sb. sth. = give sth.for sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth.to sb. lend sb. sth. = lend sth.to sb.【鞏固練習(xí)】1. Can you explain ? A. this problem to me B. me problem C. to me problem D. my this probl