初中英語閱讀說明文教師

1、第2講說明文A篇一、請閱讀下面文章，并根據(jù)文章選擇正確答案Volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others. You may volunteer to help other people, but you can also volunteer to protect animals, the environment, or any other thing that you care about. Volunteering helps others, but it can also help you. If your

2、e worried about something thats happened, doing something can be a great way to cope with（處理） your feelings. Volunteering can let you see your own lifein new ways. Sometimes its easy to worry about things like grades or get angry because you dont have the most expensive shoes or the newest computer

3、game. Volunteering lets you spend some time on others for a while. Lots of people find that they really enjoy volunteering. Volunteer experiences（經(jīng)歷）often put you in a different environment. Doing volunteer work means one very important thing: You make a difference（產(chǎn)生影響）in the world. Volunteering is

4、 a great way to have fun with your family, and here are some ideas on how you can do together:Clean up a park, or a road along a river.Plant trees or flowers in your community.Serve food at a homeless shelter. Give meals to people who are elderly or ill at home. Clean up a school or other public bui

5、ldings. Some schools now require kids to spend some of their time on service to others. Volunteering gives kids a taste of responsibility（責(zé)任心）, because people are depending on them for something important. Volunteering also can help kids learn important things about themselves. A volunteer job can e

6、ven help some kids decide what they want to do when they grow up. So what are you waiting for? Make a plan to start volunteering today!Vocabularies: 1. Volunteering n. 志愿活動；志愿者活動2. volunteer n.志愿者; adj. 志愿的; v.自愿3. care about關(guān)心；在乎；擔(dān)憂；關(guān)懷4. cope with 對付；處理；應(yīng)付5. make a difference有影響；起（重要）作用 6. homeless

7、 shelter收容中心；流浪漢庇護(hù)所； 7. require v. 要求；需要；想要；命令8. responsibility n.責(zé)任；職責(zé)；責(zé)任感9. depend on 依賴；依靠；憑借10. grow up向上生長；長大；成熟1. To be a volunteer is useful to some students because _.A. they would like very much to buy expensive shoesB. their schools ask them to spend more time serving othersC. it can help

8、them make their own decisions when they are olderD. they can serve food at homeless shelters2. Volunteering can give us a lot so that _. A. we neednt worry about our grades or the environmentB. we can enjoy being served better in different waysC. we have more fun only with our families and friendsD.

9、 we should try our best to do more volunteer work3. The reason why students are asked to do some volunteering is that _.A. students should be more responsible for their school work and social workB. students are too lazy to do any work, inside or outside their schools and homesC. students always dep

10、end too much on their schools and familiesD. students are always waiting for the decisions of their parents or schools4.What does the underlined word “community” mean in Chinese? A. 公社B. 公司 C. 社區(qū) D. 社團(tuán)Keys: CDAC練習(xí)一. 英英釋義1) Aunt Mary volunteered to clean up the kitchen. A. offer help willinglyB. want

11、 C. hateD. plan2) I mean to go shopping this afternoon. A. meanB. plan toC. am goingD. mean that I shall3)If you require further information, you should ask the teacher. A. searchB. need C. order D. enquire4) We put off the conference in order to better cope with the tense situation. A. come up with

12、 B. mix with C. deal with D. together with5) The sea air has made a difference to his health. A. damagedB. made a difficulty to C. been different fromD. improved Keys: ABBCD二. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1) mean v. （mean doing sth.）意思是，意味著；（mean to do）打算 _ n. 意義；含義 _ adj. 有意義的 _ adj. 無意義的We fill up our lives with _ tasks.T

13、he child read the story but did not comprehend its _.meaningWhat do you _ by opening my letters without permission?meanHe glanced _ at the other policeman, then he went up the stairs."We found no _ differences at all, " she says.Keys: meaningless meaning mean meaningfully meaningful2) expe

14、rience n. 經(jīng)驗，經(jīng)歷 _ adj. 老練的，富有經(jīng)驗的 _ n. 經(jīng)驗者，感受者 We should learn from _ teachers. We had never _ this kind of holiday before.Keys: experienced experienced3) responsibility n. 責(zé)任 _ adj. 有責(zé)任心的，負(fù)責(zé)的 _ adv.負(fù)責(zé)的Do you want to be _ for your own life decisions?It was his _ for foreign affairs that gained him in

15、ternational prestige.Keys: responsible responsibility1. Volunteering 2. volunteer 3. care about 4. cope with 5.make a difference 6. homeless shelter 7. require 8. responsibility 9. depend on 10. grow up三. 選詞填空1. She would like to volunteer at a _.2. A little knowledge can_ at a time of death.3. We n

16、eed to take _ for looking after our own health4. Do not imagine that you can_ all the problems.5. You can't _ your parents forever.6. Tom wants to be a coach when he _.7. She now helps in a local school as a _ three days a week.8. The young people should _ the old.9. _doesn't only improve yo

17、ur life, but also the lives of others10. This _some time and patience.Key: 1. homeless shelter 2. make a difference3. responsibility4. cope with5. depend on6. grows up 7. volunteer8. care about 9. Volunteering10. requires四. 句子翻譯Volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others._You m

18、ake a difference in the world._Some schools now require kids to spend some of their time on service to others._五. 語法填空Some schools now require kidsspend some of their time service to others. gives kids a taste of (reponsible) , because people are depending on them for something important. Volunteeri

19、ng also can help kids learn important things about (them). A volunteer job can even help some kids (decision) what they want to do they grow up. So what are you waiting ? Make a plan to start volunteering today!Keys: to on Volunteeringresponsibility themselvesdecidewhen for 文章點評：通過向大家展示什么是志愿者，志愿者的工作

20、有哪些，以及志愿者工作能夠在許多的方面幫助孩子。 “順手撿起一片紙，純潔的是自己的精神；俯身擦去地上一塊污漬，凈化的是自己的靈魂?！边@句話是一位志愿者的心聲，其實我們可以在閑暇之余多去用志愿者的行動充實我們的生活，從我做起，從身邊的小事做起。長難句分析：Volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others.此句話中涉及到動名詞做主語的知識點。mean + doing“意味著”sb. spend some time(in)doing sth.某人花費時間做某事。動名詞做主語的用法：動名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、

21、習(xí)慣性的動作，在口語中也可以表示具體的動作。如：Painting is his hobby. 繪畫是他的愛好。Talking mends no holes. 空談無濟(jì)于事。動名詞做主語和不定式做主語一樣，也可以用it作形式主語。如：It is no use talking without doing. 光說不做沒有用。不定式做主語往往表示具體的特別是將來的動作。如：Its so hot. What I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.天這么熱，現(xiàn)在我想做的事是在河里游泳。學(xué)以致用:What do you think made Mary s

22、o upset？ _ her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. LostC. Losing D. Because of losingKey: 該題正確選項為C, losing her new bicycle是句子的主語，謂語made her so upset被省略，losing在此表示具體的動作。寄語：本篇文章中涉及的動名詞做主語的句子很多，還有很多非謂語動詞的其他用法，大家可以一一找出來，然后分析一下，以后用在所寫的作文中。此外，本篇閱讀理解的主題是志愿者，志愿者這個主題在中考作文中也是很常見的，所以希望大家可以把本篇文章中比較好的詞語、段落一一背誦下來。BYoun

23、ger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater increase in their waistlines(腰圍) over time, a study suggests. The study included 332 African-American and 775 Hispanic-American (拉丁裔美國人) men and women aged 18 to 81. The researchers measured their abdominal (腹部的) fat, at the sta

24、rt of the study and again five years later. Among the people younger than 40 in the research, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also s

25、howed a bigger fat gain - but it was not as much as that seen in "short sleepers." The findings, according to the lead researcher Dr. Kristen, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight, and health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in wh

26、ether you're tired during the day," she said. As for why sleep time might affect abdominal-fat gain, there are several facts:People who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, comparing to

27、 people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss changes people's appetite-regulating hormones（胃口調(diào)節(jié)荷爾蒙）- which could, in theory, make them overeat. Whats more, depression, which is a feeling of sadness that makes people think there is no hope for the future, could also be a

28、reason. He also noted that it often affects people's sleep and has been linked to weight gain. Vocabularies 1. increase v. 增加，增大，增多2. suggestv. 建議，提議；暗示；3. measure v. 測量 n. 措施 4. according to 根據(jù)5. affect v. 影響；感染；6. whether 是否；不管7. as for至于，關(guān)于8. whileconj.在期間；雖然；而9. compare to比較；把.比作10. note v.注

29、意；記錄11. be link to與連接；與有關(guān)聯(lián)1._ will get less fat gain according to the passage.A. Younger adults who sleep for five hours or lessB. People who sleep more than 8 hours every dayC. Younger adults who are from Africa or AmericaD. People who sleep about six or seven hours a day2.The underlined word “that

30、” refers to _.A. a fat gainB. sleep habitsC. too little sleepD. too much sleep3.What can we learn from the passage?A. The more we sleep, the more energetic we will be.B. The less we sleep every day, the less fat we will get.C. Those who are in sadness could easily get a bigger fat gain.D. The Africa

31、n and Hispanic adults easily get a greater weight gain.Keys: DAC練習(xí)一.單詞連線1) measureput forward a plan or idea for someone to think about2) suggestbecomes greater in number, level, or amount. 3) affectaction and step4) noteinfluence or cause to change in some way.5) increasebecome aware of someth

32、ing二.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換suggest v. 建議 _ n. 建議measure v. 測量；n. 測量，措施 _ n. 測量；計量 度量；尺寸compare v. 比較 _ n. 比較；對照note v. 注意，記錄 n. 筆記，票據(jù)increase v. 增長 n.增加，增長 _ adj. 漸增的 _adv. 越來越多地；漸增地_ v. 下降，減少Keys: suggestion measurement comparisonincreasing increasingly decrease三.適當(dāng)形式填空1）She was finding it _(increase) difficult to g

33、et about.2）I have lots of _(suggest) for the park's future.3) Since oxygen is _(decrease), temperature is gradually rising.Keys: increasingly suggestions decreasing四.選詞填空increasesuggest measure according to affect whether as forwhilecompare to note be link to1. I _ you ask him some specific ques

34、tions about his past.2. Suddenly, I _ that the rain had stopped.3. It was difficult to _ the precise impact of the labor action.4. The company has _ the price of its cars.5. More than seven million people have been _ by drought.6. I don't know _they've found anybody yet.7. Both stations _ th

35、e airport by city buses.8. _my son, its not all bad.9. The first two services are free, _the third costs £35.00.10. The writer was _Shakespeare.Keys: 1. suggest 2. noted 3. measure 4. increased 5. affected 6. whether 7. are link to 8. As for 9. while 10. compared to五.語法填空 Among the people young

36、er _ 40 in the research, the study found, those who said they slept_ five hours or less each night gained more fat than those who averaged six _seven hours of sleep. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a_ (big) fat gain - but it was not as much as that seen in "sho

37、rt _ (sleep)." The findings, according to the lead_ (research) Dr. Kristen, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight, _health in general. "Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether you're_ (tired) during the day," she said. Keys: than for or

38、 bigger sleepers researcher and tired六.句子翻譯1. There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否認(rèn)的.）翻譯：不可否認(rèn)的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)越來越糟。_2.It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.）翻譯：全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。_3. There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫無疑問的.）翻譯：毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。_4. An advantage of is that + 句子（.的一個優(yōu)點是.）翻譯：使用太陽能一個優(yōu)點

39、是它不會制造任何污染。_ CThe ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way. Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity.“Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group in Sc

40、otland. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.”Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity. The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in Scotland.Most waves are created when winds blow across the oc

41、ean. “The winds start out by making little ripples (波紋) in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,” Taylor said. “Waves are one of natures ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”When waves come towards the coast, peopl

42、e can set up dams(大壩) to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine(渦輪). The turbine can then power an electrical generator(發(fā)電機(jī)).We will never run out of wave power. Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.Oceans cover three quarters of the

43、earths surface. That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world. But there are some disadvantages that need us to pay more attention to.Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money. He said that its influence on animals in the sea is still unknown. Besides

44、, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic. With more research, “Many of these problems might be solved,” Taylor said. “Finding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.”In the future, when you turn on a light b

45、utton, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!1. We can learn from the passage that_. A. almost every country is making use of the wave power at present B. it is necessary for us to develop wave power instead of oil and coal C. wave power will be sure to make some bad influence on sea anim

46、als D. scientists are making efforts to find new ways of fishing and boat traffic 2. What does the fourth paragraph tell us? A. Why scientists are doing the research on wave power. B. What experience that scientists have achieved so far. C. How the wave energy forms and grows bigger. D. Which countr

47、ies are trying out wave power.3. Whats the writers attitude towards wave power? A. The writer believes that wave power will be used widely by man. B. The writer doubts if wave energy can be changed into electricity. C. The writer is sure the experiments will come to the end some day. D. The writer t

48、hinks that wave power isnt worth researching at all.4. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Sea Animals and Wave Power.B. How Do We Get Wave Energy?C. The Advantages of Wave Power.D. Can Waves Make Electricity?Keys: 1:B 2:C 3:A 4:D小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中語句“Scientists are working on using that energy

49、to make electricity. The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in Scotland.”可知。小題2:理解歸納題，由文中語句“The winds start out by making little ripples (波紋) in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger a

50、nd turn into wave s”可知。小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中語句“Oceans cover three quarters of the earths surface. That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world.”可知。小題4:標(biāo)題歸納題，縱觀全文理解可知。練習(xí)一、英英釋義。1. The winds start out by making little ripples (波紋) in the water.A. set out B. get off C. begin D. s

51、tart2. Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.A. Except B. Apart from C. In addition to D. Except for3. But there are some disadvantages that need us to pay more attention to.A.wrong thingsB.something unreasonableC. advantages D. bad sides4. We will never run out of wave power.A.use off B. be short of C. use up D. get away5.