現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解練習(xí)答案

1、專題 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：主講現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)C0： 知識(shí)梳理）一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況或是客觀存在。時(shí)間狀語：ofte n, usually,always,sometimes,every week（day,year,m onth），once a week, on Sun days,基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 +be 動(dòng)詞 am/is/are+ 表語 I am a boy He is a boy You are a boy 主 + 動(dòng)詞原形或三單 + 賓語 I like swimmi ng He likes swimmi ngYou like swimmi ng需要你注意的是無論

2、何時(shí)何地，第三人稱單數(shù)做主語，動(dòng)詞要變化（三+單）練習(xí)：語法概念：主語是第一人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞（要/不要）變化語法概主語是第二人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞（要/不要）變化語法概念:主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞（要/不要）變化語法概念:主語是第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞（要/不要）變化語法概念:主語是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞（要/不要）變化用go的適當(dāng)形式填空I usuallyto school by bus. We usuallyto school by bus.You usuallyto school by bus. He usuallyto school by bus.They usuallyto school by bus.

3、 Does he usuallyto school by bus?般過去時(shí)概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語： ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year, ni ght,m on th.),in 1989,just no w,at the age of 5,one day,lo ng long ago ,once upon a time,基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 +be 過去式 was/were+表I was a student 10 years agoYou were a student 10 years ago 主

4、 + 行為動(dòng)詞過去式 + 賓語 I played computer games yesterday I did my homework just now 動(dòng)詞的過去式一定要記全，這是基本練習(xí)：寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式build choose bring buy feel hearsleep keep think leave throw put1. Paul ant I tennis yesterday. He did much better tha n I.A. play B. will play C. played D. are play ing2. What did youfor dinner

5、 last ni ght.A. eats B. eati ng C. eat D. ate3. He fell dow n andinjured yesterday.A. get B. got C. gets D. gett ing4. Iand told my mother that Iby somebody.A. cry; hit B. cried; was hit C. cries; was hit D. cried; hit三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語：no w,at this time,these days,其他提示詞：look, liste

6、n基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主+be (am/is/are) +ving 賓語 I am doing my homework. They are doing their homework注意某些動(dòng)詞要去e (大部分e不發(fā)音)某些動(dòng)詞要雙寫最后的字母(重讀閉音節(jié)+輔元輔)練習(xí)：語法概念：用 be的正確形式填空I He She You They We Boy Boys1. Jack iswith Jim .They are good.A. running friend; B. running; frien ds; C. running friends D. run; friends2. The children

7、areTV .A. watch B. see ing C. watch ing D. readi ng3. Look, the boy(run) fast4. What are you doing?I(do) my homework.5. he doing his homework now?6. the stude nts; prepare for; an En glish test; now; (.)7. 我在看電視呢，沒時(shí)間，一邊兒去。四、一般將來時(shí)概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時(shí)間狀語： tomorrow, n ext day(week, mon th,

8、year ),so on, the day after tomorrow基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主 +be going to + do+ 賓語 I am going to do my homework 主 +will+ do+ 賓語I will do my homework注意不要看到 be going就以為是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；不存在 will be going to這種說法練習(xí)：1. Where are you going this Sun day?A. I go to the park. B. I will go to the park. C. I going to the park D. I will b

9、e going to the park2. 明天我要去北京。 3. I; go; America; tomorrow; (.)每種時(shí)態(tài)寫出一句疑問句和否定句上面時(shí)我們小學(xué)就學(xué)過的，沒學(xué)好的自己檢討時(shí)態(tài)的基本框架時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)完成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)過去將來完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來時(shí)概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。He said he would go to Beiji ng the n ext

10、 day.The report said that the film star would come to Henan n ext Sun day.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。When he came in, 1 was readi ng a n ewspaper.At that time she was working in a PLA unit.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來某一時(shí)間開始，并 繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來表示詢問、請(qǐng)求等。This time next day they will be sitting in

11、the cinema.He won' be coming to the party現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開 始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.過去完成時(shí)概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.He said

12、that he had fini shed the homework.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來。I have bee n sitt ing here for an hour.The childre n have bee n watch ing TV since six o'clock.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到 現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。初二上冊(cè) Unit5 中的英英解釋：We use the present perfect tense to

13、talk about things thathappened in the past but have a connection to the present in some way.發(fā)生在過去的事情和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系需要與之作出最大區(qū)分的一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)就是過去時(shí)過去時(shí)表示過去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而且通常含有“過去時(shí)，而現(xiàn)在不是的”的含義。比如，我以前是一名學(xué)生。我以前是做翻譯的。I was a student. I was a translator.這種用一般過去時(shí)表示 的就是以前是怎么的，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不是了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 表示過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，以前是這樣，現(xiàn)在還是這樣。還可以表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。

14、I have had lunch.我吃過午餐了，隱含意思現(xiàn)在不餓；I have watered the flowers.我已經(jīng)澆過花了，隱含意思你不需要再澆水了。再次對(duì)比過去時(shí)和完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的意思I have watered the flowers.我已經(jīng)澆過花了。I watered the flowers.我澆過花了?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句：主+have動(dòng)詞過去分詞 +賓語 否定句：主+have動(dòng)詞過去分詞 +賓語 疑問句：Have +主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞 +t不用繼續(xù)澆水了t只是說明我早上干了啥賓語I have fini shed my homework.I have n 'fi ni s

15、hed my homework.Have you fini shed your homework?主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候，have改成has動(dòng)詞的過去分詞要記全，這是基礎(chǔ)，過去分詞跟過去式一樣重要什么情況下需要用到現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)？1. 有明顯的提示詞與我們之前學(xué)過的時(shí)態(tài)一樣，過去時(shí)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)yesterday, last;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)now,look ;將來時(shí)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn) tomorrow, next ;一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)usually, often。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有時(shí)也有提示詞，如already, yet, ever, never, before,for+時(shí)間段，since+寸間點(diǎn)I ha

16、ve already bee n to Guan gzhou three times.我已經(jīng)去過廣州三次了。I haven'finished my job yet.我還沒做完我的工作呢。I have never seen this kind of bird before.我從來都沒有見過這種鳥。Have you ever visited the Summer Palace?你參觀過頤和園嗎。He has been in Beijing for ten years.他已經(jīng)在北京呆了10 年了。Ben has never slept since last night Ben 自從昨晚就沒睡

17、過覺。2. 語境He is not the most famous inven tor in the world. However, his inven ti on has cha nged our lives.I can travel to any places because I have bought a car.基礎(chǔ)選擇題1.1 a letter from him since he left .A. did n't receive B . have n't got C . did n't have D . have n't heard2. You'

18、;ve never seen such a wonderful film before , ?A . have n't you B . have you C . do you D . don't you3. It has been ten yearsI last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that4. -Who will go to the stati on to meet Lorry? -I will. Iher several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet5.

19、Have you met Mr. Li ?A. just B. ago C.beforeD.a mome nt ago6. Zhao Lanalready in this school for two years .A. was; study ing B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; study ing7. WeXiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8. Harry Potter is a very nice film. Iit t

20、wice .A. will see B. have see nC. saw D.see9. -you ever to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, bee n C, Do, go D. were, going已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作：過去所做的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的難點(diǎn)還未完成的動(dòng)作：過去所做的事情一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的”完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的”完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。（動(dòng)作結(jié)束

21、于過去，說明了是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”完成用法”的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)，即瞬間動(dòng)詞，因此，該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時(shí)間狀語（如：already，yet，before，recently 等）、頻度時(shí)間狀語（如：never，ever，once 等）、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語（如：this morni ng / mon th / year., today等）連用。例如：Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的”未完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例

22、如：He has lived here si nee 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。（動(dòng)作起始于 1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。（動(dòng)作開始于5年前， 一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。）此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語（由since或for引導(dǎo)）,或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語（如：up to now , so far到目前為止）等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他

23、的任何消息。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞。3. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞的概念英語中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 和瞬間性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。女口： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。瞬間性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如 open,

24、 close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy 等。It rained at eight yesterday morning.（誤）rain 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight 表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"。上句可改為： It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.（正）I have borrowed the book for 2 mon ths.（誤）borrow是"借”不能做借這個(gè)動(dòng)作做了2個(gè)月吧I have kept t

25、he book for 2months.（正）換成keep這個(gè)動(dòng)詞，保持，借到手了就拿了2個(gè)月-Whe n did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.-The n you've known each other for more tha n two years. -That's right.附加延遲動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換表（部分）：注意be的作用很大瞬間動(dòng)詞延續(xù)動(dòng)詞瞬間動(dòng)詞延續(xù)動(dòng)詞put onwearendbe overbuyhavejoinbe inborrowkeepgo therebe therebecomebeget to/arriv

26、e/reachbe indiebe deadcome backbe backmove tolive incatch a coldhave a coldHis father has died.die：死亡，這個(gè)動(dòng)作做完就沒了，后面不能加延續(xù)的時(shí)間His father has bee n dead for three years. be dead :是死的，描述一種狀態(tài)，持續(xù)三年She has joined the Party/League join :加入，加入之后就不需要繼續(xù)做加入這個(gè)動(dòng)作了She has bee n in the Party/ League for two mon ths 在

27、黨兩個(gè)月，一種持續(xù)動(dòng)作She has bee n a Party/ League member for two mon ths.是一名成員了，一種持續(xù)動(dòng)作The film has started/begu n.start：開始開始之后就進(jìn)入內(nèi)容了，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束The film has been on/ lasted since 5 minutes ago. last:持續(xù)電影播放了 5 分，持續(xù)了 5 分1. What a nice dress! How longyouit? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, havi ng D. h

28、ave, had2. Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and Ifriends si nee we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have bee n D. have turned3. Ithe book for more tha n 3 days.A. le ntB. have lent C. have borrowedD. have kept現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的其中一個(gè)?？键c(diǎn)have bee n to去過以前去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那了，后常接次數(shù)have gone to去了現(xiàn)在到了某地，人還

29、在那里待著have bee n in在在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，后常接時(shí)間段I have bee n to Beiji ng ten year ago.I have bee n to Shan ghai twice.My father has gone to London, he is not here.He has gone to America.I have bee n in Guan gzhou for six years.We have bee n in China for more tha n a year.1. -you everto the US? - Yes, twice.A. Ha

30、ve, gone B. Have, bee n C, Do, goD. were, going2. IShan ghai for three yearsA. have bee n to B. have bee n in C. have gone to D. have gone in3. BenShan ghai twice.A. has bee n in B. has bee n to C. has gone to D. have gone to總結(jié)主要考點(diǎn):1. 考察現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞2. 考察其用法和標(biāo)志詞：already/ever/yet/for+時(shí)間段

31、/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)3. 考察延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞。鞏固提高一.用單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I. 1already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fin ish) his work today? Not yet.3. My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where' Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher bffice.5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) qui

32、te a few friends here.7. How longBen(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. Ijust(fin ish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your scie nee book yet?II. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The stude nts(read) En glish whe n the teacher came in.13. Look! The mon key(

33、climb) the tree.14. My mother（come） to see me n ext Sun day.15. I've lost my pen.you（see） it any where?1 have see n was 2 has fini shed 3 has come 4 has gone 5 have worked moved6 have made 7 has stayed 8 have fini shed 9 goes 10 have found 11 is二改寫句子1. I have been to Macau before.（改為否定句）Ibee n to Macau before.2. He hasn' t come to school because he was ill.（就劃線部分提問）he come to school?3. I bough a new bike j