UnitHow can we become good learners知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理

1、Unit 1 How can we become good learners?語(yǔ)法一.介詞by的用法1.by意為“通過(guò)”，其后常接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。用來(lái)表示“以、通過(guò)、用（某種方法或手段）”而達(dá)到某種預(yù)期的目的，常用來(lái)回答how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。by doing sth意為“通過(guò)做某事”How does the boy improve his spoken English?By talking with a foreigner. (1)How do you learn English so well? chatting with my uncle in America online.A.

2、 By B. With C. In D.And(2)Jackson studied Chinese by _ tapes.A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listening to 2.by+時(shí)間，意為“不遲于，在之前”I have to go to bed by ten oclock.3.by+地點(diǎn)，意為“在旁”Jim sat down by the window.4.by+交通工具，意為“乘”I go to school by bike.5.由by構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)：by the way順便說(shuō)一下 by oneself獨(dú)自=alon

3、e二.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(一)用法:1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常用的標(biāo)志詞有already(“已經(jīng)”,用于肯定句),yet(“還,已經(jīng)”，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句),ever（“曾經(jīng)”）,never（“絕不，從不”）,just（“剛剛”）,before（“以前”）,once（“一次”）,twice（“兩次”）.I have already eaten the dinner.（說(shuō)明我現(xiàn)在飽了）。I have already seen the film.(1)You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. mee

4、t B. will meet C. have met (2)Hi,guys.Where are you heading(向行進(jìn)) now? Home.We all our money,so we have to walk home now.A. spend B.spent C. have spent D.are spending(3)Have you ever seen him _?A. ago B. two days ago C. before D. just now2.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。經(jīng)常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句, 如：fo

5、r five minutes（5分鐘）since 1985（自從1985年一直到現(xiàn)在）.since he was five years old（自從他是五歲的時(shí)候一直到現(xiàn)在）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志語(yǔ)還有so far“到目前為止”注意：此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞要變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。leave-be away borrow-keep buy-have begin-be on die-be deadjoin-be a member of go/come-be in open-be open become-beI have waited for you for three hours.我一直

6、等你等了三個(gè)小時(shí)。He has been away for a month.他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)一個(gè)月了。（has been away不能用has left）Her brother has been a member of army for three years.（has been a member of army不能用has joined army）Han Mei has kept the book since last week.（has kept不能用has borrowed）(1)I my hometown for a long time.I really miss it.A. left B.

7、went away from C. have left D.have been away from(2)How do you like your English teacher?He is great.We all love him.We friends since three years ago.A. were B.have made C. have been D.have become(3)Anna,you Chinese is good. have you been in China?Since I was ten.A.How long B.How far C. How often D.

8、How soon(4)Has the movie begun? Yes, it _ for five minutes.A. has begun B. began C. has been on(二)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句,否定句和疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句的構(gòu)成是:主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他. (have用于各種人稱,has用于第三人稱單數(shù))He has already posted the letter.(他已經(jīng)寄了那封信)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句的構(gòu)成是:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他.He hasnt posted the letter yet.他還沒(méi)

9、有寄那封信（注意：否定句中要把a(bǔ)lready變成yet） 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成是:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他. 肯定回答是Yes，主語(yǔ)+have/has 否定回答是No，主語(yǔ)+havent/hasntHas he posted the letter yet? Yes,he has/No,he hasnt(三)have/has gone to 與have/has been to 的區(qū)別1.have/has gone to 意為“已經(jīng)去地方了（還沒(méi)回來(lái)，不在說(shuō)話人所在的地方）”Where is Li Lei? He has gone to school.2.have/h

10、as been to 意為“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)地方（已回來(lái)）Where have you been? I have been to the library.(1)She isnt at the cinema now because she the library.A.has been to B.have been to C.has gone to D.have gone to(2)I think the man over there must be Bob.It be him.He has to Australia.A. cant;gone B.cant;been C. may not;been D.m

11、ustnt;gone(3)Have you ever been to Canada?Yes,I there last year with my parents.A. have been B.have gone C. went D.go(4) Where is Jhon? He _ the supermarket.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has goneSection A1.ask for sth 索要某物 ask sb for sth“向某人索要某物” He asked his mother for some money.(1)He always as

12、ks me advice whatever he does.A. for B. on  C. of(2)She wrote to her friend and information about computer programming.A. asked for  B. went for C. cared for  D.paid for2.the way to do sth=the way of doing sth.“做某事的方法”3.區(qū)分watch,see,read和look(1)watch強(qiáng)調(diào)看正在運(yùn)動(dòng)或變化的事物。多指看電視、錄像、比賽、表演等。 (2)se

13、e用于看電影，We saw a wonderful film yesterday.另外see側(cè)重于結(jié)果，指“看見(jiàn)，看到” Can you see the bird in the tree?(3)read意為“看”時(shí)，指“閱讀；朗讀”，后面接書(shū)、報(bào)紙、雜志等。He likes reading storybooks.(4) look 強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的過(guò)程，后面接賓語(yǔ)，則用look at. Look at the blackboard,please. Look! The boy is watching the football game.His father is seeing a film,and h

14、is mother is reading a newspaper.(1)Jim has many books.He likes them very much.A.reading B.seeing C.looking D.watching(2) ! Yao Ming is in the basketball game.Lets it.A.Look;look B.Watch;watch C.Look;watch D.Watch;look4.have conversations with sb.“和某人交談” He had conversations with his son yesterday.5

15、. What about? =How about?意為“怎么樣”或“好不好？”接代詞賓格或動(dòng)詞-ing。 I think this is a good idea.What about you? What about visiting the East Lake?We dont have much homework this weekend.Can we go out together?OK.What about a movie?A. to see B.seeing C. see D. sees6.aloud“大聲地，出聲地” read aloud 朗讀loudly“大聲地，吵鬧地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音喧

16、鬧，不悅耳。The boys are talking_ in the class and it makes the teacher unhappy.A. aloud B. loudly C. louder D. loud7.在英語(yǔ)中,可以用動(dòng)詞不定式形式表示目的. 譯為“為了”。We have to study hard to find a good job.(1) to school on time,I need to get up at 6:00 am.A.Gets B.Getting C.To get D.get (2)How kind you are! You always do wh

17、at you can others. A.help B.helping C.helps D.to help8. practice doing sth.“練習(xí)做某事” We should practice English as much as possible. A.speak B.speaking C. to speak D.speak in9. that way=in that way用那種方法 this way=in this way用這種方法 Finally I found my uncle that way.10. It + is+形容詞+（for/of sb） to do sth.意

18、為“做某事對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)是的”在此句型中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to do sth。 當(dāng)形容詞是描述人的性格、品質(zhì)的詞如kind,nice,clever,foolish時(shí)用of sb，其他大多都用for sb.It was very difficult for me to finish the work on time. Its kind of you to tell me that.Its polite for students hello to teachers.A.to say B.saying C.says D.say11. a little =a bit =a little bi

19、t=kind of意為“一點(diǎn)兒；少許”都可以用來(lái)修飾形容詞/副詞。a little bit quiet.此外，a little還可以直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a bit須和of連用才可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。The weather here is a little bit hot. a little water=a bit of water一點(diǎn)兒水What is your new friend like? She is shy.A. a bit of B. a lot of C. a little bit D. a kind of 12.Why dont you do sth?或Why not do s

20、th?意為“你為什么不做某事呢？”Why dont you buy your mother some flowers?=Why not buy your mother some flowers?13.finish doing sth“完成做某事” Have you finished cooking? Why not your teacher for help when you cant finish the story by yourself. A.to ask;write B.to ask;writing C.ask;writing D.asking;to write.14.常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞可簡(jiǎn)

21、記為:一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)二是感覺(jué)feel ，三是保持keep，stay,四是變become,get,turn，五是起來(lái)taste嘗起來(lái) ,smell 聞起來(lái), look看起來(lái), sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)，feel摸起來(lái) 后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。(1)I feel to see that my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.A.proud B.angry C.upset D.lonely(2)The cookies good. Could I have some more?A. taste B. smell

22、C. feel D. sound(3)What is the matter with you? You so sad.A.look B.seem to have C.look like D.seem like15.祈使句的用法：祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸說(shuō)、號(hào)召、警告等意思。(1)肯定的祈使句：以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，動(dòng)詞原形前可以加Please,please也可放在句末。Come and have fun.(2)否定的祈使句：“Dont+動(dòng)詞原形+其他”Dont smoke here!(1)_ late. Its your first day to work. A. Dont to beB. Dont

23、 be C. Dont D. No (2) draw on the wall.A. Not B. No C. Doesnt D. Dont16.祈使句在表示禁止時(shí)，可與含有mustnt的句子互換Dont smoke here.=You mustnt smoke here.17.記住兩個(gè)表示“首先”的詞：at first,first of all(1)at first的意思是“起初，開(kāi)始”，暗示后來(lái)的情況有所變化。其反義詞組是at last意為“最后，終于”At first I didnt want to go,but I soon changed my mind.(2)first of all

24、的意思是“首先，第一”，相當(dāng)于 first，表示順序，是時(shí)間上或一系列行為動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始，后面往往接next,then等。 First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance(救護(hù)車).(1)If we want to work for our country in the future, we should have strong body and rich knowledge.A.at first B.first of all C.for the first time D.

25、after all(2) ,the Internet was only used by the government.But now its widely used in every field. A.As usual B.At first C.After all D.So far.18.try to do sth“試圖做某事，盡力做某事” She tried to carry the basket.19.be patient with sb.“對(duì)某人有耐心” You should learn how to be patient.20.“the+比較級(jí)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，the+比較級(jí)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”

26、意為“越，就越”The busier she is ,the happier she feels.The more you smile,the you will feel.A.happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily21.find+it+形容詞+(for sb) to do sth意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)什么樣的”it是形式賓語(yǔ)，to do sth是真正的賓語(yǔ)I found it very difficult to learn how to drive.(1)We find necessary to protect the earth.A.it B.

27、this C. that D. what (2)My pen pal found it difficult Chinese well. A.learning B.learn C.to learn D.learned22.the secret to的秘訣。 the answer to the question問(wèn)題的答案 the key to the bike自行車鑰匙23.sothat“如此以致于”so意為“如此”，后接形容詞或副詞，that意為“以致于”，后接句子。sothat常和 notenough to及tooto進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換He is too young to go to school

28、.=He isnt old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.(1)The problem is too difficult for me to work out.(改為同義句)The problem isnt for me to work out.(2)She was angry she walked out and closed the door heavily. A.so;that B.too;and C.very;that D.such;that24.(1)be afraid to do s

29、th=be afraid of doing sth.意為“害怕做某事”(2)be afraid of sth意為“害怕某物” She is afraid of the dog.(1)Im afraid out at night alone.A. go B. going C. to go D. goes(2)The student is _ see the teacher because he_ a mistake.A. afraid of; has B. afraid to; has made C. afraid to; make D. afraid of; made 25.區(qū)分because

30、 of和because(1)because of其后不接句子。We didnt go fishing yesterday because of the heavy rain.(2)because其后接句子.He is late for shool because he gets up late (1)Liu Xiang had to give up the race his foot.A. because of B. because C. though D.even if(2) Mary didn't get to the party yesterday_ she didn't

31、 feel well.A. if B. because C. but D. until26.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)可作后置定語(yǔ)，意為“被的”。 The novels written by Lu Xun are very educational. a boy called/named Li Lei 一個(gè)被稱作李雷的男孩27.fall in love with意為“愛(ài)上（某人或某物）” They fell in love with each other after working together for many years.28.區(qū)分exciting和excited (1)exciting意為“令人興奮

32、的”，修飾物。 He told me the exciting news. The story is exciting. (2)excited意為“感到興奮的”，修飾人。 What are you so excited about? Everyone looked very excited.29.begin to do sth=begin doing sth.意為“開(kāi)始做某事” She began to cry.30.區(qū)分the other,another和other(1)the other 指“兩者中的另一個(gè)”，接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。常用短語(yǔ)：onethe other意為兩者中“一個(gè)另一個(gè)”I h

33、ave two pencils,one is short,the other is long.(2)another泛指三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè)，后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。The shirt is too small for me.Show me another one,please. (3)other意為“其他的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。other students其他的學(xué)生 (4)someothers意為泛指 “一些另一些”Some people believe it ,others not.注意：others=other +名詞復(fù)數(shù) (1)He has two sisters. One is a do

34、ctor and _is a teacher.A. another B. other C. the other D. One(2)Would you like to have cake?No,thanks.Ive had two.Thats enough.A.other B.others C.another D.the other31.although=though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管，雖然”在一個(gè)句子中，although/though“雖然”和but“但是”不能同時(shí)連用，即用了although/though就不能用but，用了but，就不能用although/thoughAlthou

35、gh/Though he is poor,he is very happy.(1) many children like KFC.I think theyd better try not to eat it too often.A.Because B.When C.Although D.If(2)_he is ill,_he goes to school. A. Although, but B. /, / C. Although, / D. But, although (3)The boy can speak both English and Japanese he is only ten.

36、Wow,what a clever boy! A.if B.because C.although D.but32.help的用法(1)help sb do sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”I can help you learn English.(2)help sb to do sth.意為“幫助某人做某事” I can help you to learn English.(3)help sb with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事” I can help you with (learning) English.Our teacher always helps us _ our English.

37、A. for B. into C. to D. with33.區(qū)分invent 和discover(1)invent指客觀上不存在的東西后來(lái)被人發(fā)明 (2)discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到”，指發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到某種自然界本來(lái)已存在，但以前未被人發(fā)現(xiàn)或認(rèn)識(shí)的事物。Edison invented the electric light.Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October, 1492.(1)We all know who the telephone.A.find B.found C.discovered D.invented(2)Gilber

38、t(吉爾伯特) electricity and Edison the electric light bulb.A.discovered;invented B.discovered;discovered C.invented;invented D.invented;discovered34.形容詞修飾不定代詞的語(yǔ)序是：不定代詞+形容詞。something interesting一些有趣的東西My host family tried to cook for me when I studied in New Zealand.A.different something B.different anyt

39、hing C.something different D.anything different35. want“想要”= would like后面接三種形式(1)want sth“想要某物” They want good jobs.(2)want to do sth“想要做某事” I want to go to Hangzhou for my holiday.(3)want sb to do sth.“想要某人做某事” He wants me to go shopping with him.(1)I want them _（stay）for dinner with us.(2)They wan

40、t some green tea.（同義句）They _ _ _ green tea. (3)My brother want_ a friend of _. A. to see, him B. seeing, him C. to see, his D. seeing, his36. look up (在字典,參考書(shū)中)查閱;查找.代詞必須放在中間 I dont know the word.Lets look it up in the dictionary.37.so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“為了，以便” Please turn on the light so that we can s

41、ee it clearly. You have to leave now you can catch the early bus. A.so that B.as soon as C.because. D.sothat38.take notes.意為“做筆記”。 Youd better take notes in class.39.memorize意為“記?。挥洃洝?，相當(dāng)于remember，名詞形式是memory意為“記憶，記憶力” She memorized the number of the car.40.How often“多久一次”，對(duì)頻率副詞（often,always,every da

42、y,twice a week）提問(wèn)，常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 How often do you exercise? Once a day.How long“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”對(duì)for+時(shí)間段或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)提問(wèn)，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 How long have you worked in Beijing? For five years.How soon“多久以后將”對(duì)in+時(shí)間段提問(wèn)，用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。How soon will Mr. Li come back? In a week. How often“多久一次”，對(duì)頻率副詞（often,always,every day,twice a week）提問(wèn)，常

43、用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 How often do you exercise? Once a day.How long“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”對(duì)for+時(shí)間段或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)提問(wèn)，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 How long have you worked in Beijing? For five years.How soon“多久以后將”對(duì)in+時(shí)間段提問(wèn)，用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。How soon will Mr. Li come back? In a week. does your cousin go to the gym? Twice a week.A.How long B.How soon C.How oftenSec

44、tion B1.在英語(yǔ)中，疑問(wèn)詞+to do形式 如：how to get to the park可以作賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于how I can get to the park（賓語(yǔ)從句）如：I dont know how to solve the problem.=I dont know how I can solve the problem. Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave? 背：I dont know what to do=I dont know what I can do? (1)I will g

45、o to Harbin for my summer vacation.What about you?I havent decided where_ .A.go B.went C.going D.to go (2)Which dress do you like best,Madam?Sorry,I cant decide now.A.to buy which one B.buy which one C.which one to buy D.which I should buy it.2. make mistakes in=make a mistake in“在方面犯錯(cuò)誤” I used to m

46、ake mistakes in spelling.3. keep sth+形容詞 意為“保持某物是什么樣的”keep the door open保持門(mén)是開(kāi)著的(這里的open是形容詞，意為“開(kāi)著的”，open還是動(dòng)詞，意為“打開(kāi)”)keep the door closed保持門(mén)是關(guān)著的(這里的closed是形容詞，意為“關(guān)著的”， close是動(dòng)詞,意為“關(guān)上”)keep the room clean保持房間是開(kāi)凈的(這里的clean是形容詞，意為“干凈的”，clean還是動(dòng)詞,意為“打掃”)4.get sth+形容詞，意為“使某物是什么樣的”.The work gets everyone t

47、ired. get the pronunciation right.使發(fā)音是正確的。5.動(dòng)詞不定式常作后置定語(yǔ)，意為“的”。a good place to eat吃飯的好地方。something to eat一些吃的東西 a room to live in一個(gè)居住的房間Why dont you go out to play,Rose? Im afraid I cant.I have much homework .A.do B.does C.doing D.to do6.ability to do sth意為“做某事的能力” He has the ability to speak English

48、 fluently.7. depend on “依賴；取決于” The price depends on the quality. You cant depend on your parents forever. Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? Well,it all the weather. A.belongs to B.happens to C.depends on D.concentrates on8. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。主將從現(xiàn)是指：(1)當(dāng)主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)If you ask him

49、,he will tell you the answer.(2)當(dāng)主句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,may,must等時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)You can pass the exam if you work hard.(3)當(dāng)主句為祈使句時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Put up your hands if you have any problems.(1)Ill go out for a walk after supper if it rain.A.didnt B.wont C.isnt D.doesnt(2)If I find his phone number,I you.A.tell B.told C.w

50、ill tell D.have told (3)There serious air pollution if people use more and more cars.A.will be B.will have C.has D.have (4)Boys and girls, up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp.A.putting B.to put C.put D.will put9.區(qū)分interesting和interested (1)interesting意為“令人感興趣的”，修飾物。 (2)interest

51、ed意為“感興趣的”，修飾人。be interested in“對(duì)感興趣” The students in Class Two are interested in this interesting story.Im in the story.A.interested;interested B.interesting;interesting10.active 形容詞，意為“活潑的，積極的”。常用短語(yǔ)take an active part in“積極參加” Although he is over 80,he is still very active.We all take an active pa

52、rt in the sports meeting.11.pay attention to doing意為“注意做某事”，多指要留心、注意比較特殊的東西或事物。Please pay attention what he said.A. for B. of C. in D. to12.connectwith“把和連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái)” Please dont connect this thing with that one. A railway connects Beijing with Shanghai.13.(1)sb need to do sth.“某人需要做某事”You need to take

53、good care of your mother. (2)sth need doing sth.“某事需要被做”My flowers need watering.(1)You need _(add) some red sugar to the soup.(2)The bike is broken,it need .(repair)14.以 must開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。Must I go home now?Yes,you must/No,you neednt/No,you dont have toMust I be in hospital for a week,Doctor?No,you .You can go back home tomorrow.A.mustntB. neednt C. must15.區(qū)分boring和bored (1)boring意為“令人厭煩的”，修飾物。This is a boring film. (2)bored意為“感到厭煩的”，修飾人。She is bored with her job.16.think about doing sth.意為“考慮做某事”He is thinking about going to Beijing for vacation.think