7【工程實驗室】【RIPv2配置】

1、實驗RIPv2 配置【實驗名稱】RIPv2 配置。【實驗目的】理解 RIP 兩個版本之間的區(qū)別，掌握如何配置 RIPv2?！颈尘懊枋觥考僭O在校園網(wǎng)在地理上分為 2 個區(qū)域，每個區(qū)域內(nèi)分別有一臺路由器連接了 2 個子網(wǎng)，需要將兩臺路由器通過以太網(wǎng)鏈路連接在一起并進行適當?shù)呐渲?，以實現(xiàn)這 4 個子網(wǎng)之間的互聯(lián)互通。為了在未來每個校園區(qū)域擴充子網(wǎng)數(shù)量的時候，管理員不需要同時更改路由器的配置，計劃使用 RIP 路由協(xié)議實現(xiàn)子網(wǎng)之間的互通?！拘枨蠓治觥績膳_路由器通過快速以太網(wǎng)端口連接在一起，每個路由器上設置 2 個 Loopback 端口模擬子網(wǎng)，在所有端口運行 RIP 路由協(xié)議，實現(xiàn)所有子網(wǎng)間的互通。

2、【實驗拓撲】圖 72 實驗拓撲圖【實驗設備】路由器2 臺【預備知識】路由器的工作原理和基本配置方法，距離矢量路由協(xié)議，RIP 工作原理，RIPv1 和 RIPv2的區(qū)別，RIPv2 的配置方法【實驗原理】RIP 協(xié)議有兩個版本 RIPv1 和 RIPv2。RIPv1 屬于有類路由協(xié)議，不支持 VLSM（變長子網(wǎng)掩碼），RIPv1 是以廣播的形式進行路由信息的更新的；更新周期為 30 秒。RIPv2 屬于無類路由協(xié)議，支持 VLSM（變長子網(wǎng)掩碼），RIPv2 是以組播的形式進行路由信息的更新的，組播地址是。RIPv2 還支持基于端口的認證，提高網(wǎng)絡的安全性?！緦嶒灢襟E】第一步：配置兩臺路由器的

3、主機名、接口 IP 地址RSR20#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.RSR20(config)#hostname RouterARouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0RouterA(config-if)#no shutdownRouterA(config-if)#exitRouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface loopback 0RouterA(con

4、fig-if)#Aug 15 23:46:32 RouterA %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE:Interface Loopback 0, changed state to UPRouterA(config-if)#exitRouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface loopback 1RouterA(config-if)#Aug 15 23:47:00 RouterA %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE:Interface Loopback 1, changed state to UPRouterA(config-if)

5、#exitRSR20#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.RSR20(config)#hostname RouterBRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0RouterB(config-if)#no shutdownRouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#interface loopback 0RouterB(config-if)

6、#Aug 8 21:00:00 RouterB %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE:Interface Loopback 0, changed state to UPRouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#interface loopback 1RouterB(config-if)#Aug 8 21:00:28 RouterB %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE:Interface Loopback 1, changed state to UPRouterB(config-if)#exit第二步：

7、在兩臺路由器上啟用 RIPv2，但不關閉自動匯總RouterA(config)#router ripRouterA(config-router)#version 2！配置使用 RIPv2RouterA(config-router)#exitRouterB(config)#router ripRouterB(confiRouterB(config-router)#version 2RouterB(config-router)#exit第三步：查看路由表從路由表中可以看到，仍然只有 B 類主網(wǎng)絡 和 A 類主網(wǎng)絡 出現(xiàn)在路由表之中。雖然 RIPv2 支持 VLSM，但 RouterA 和 Rout

8、erB 都是邊界路由器，分別是 B 類主網(wǎng)絡 和 C 類主網(wǎng)絡 的邊界、A 類主網(wǎng)絡和 C 類主網(wǎng)絡 的邊界，因此在執(zhí)行自動的路由匯總。RouterA#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS

9、-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setRCCCCCC10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:10, FastEthernet 0/0172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 1192.168.1.0/24 is directly conne

10、cted, FastEthernet 0/0RouterB#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS in

11、ter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setC 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0C 10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 1.1/32 is local host.RCC172.16.0.0/16 120/1 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet 0/0192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0第四步：關

12、閉自動路由匯總RouterA(config)#router ripRouterA(config-router)#no auto-summary！關閉 RIPv2 的自動路由匯總功能RouterA(config-router)#endRouterB(config)#router ripRouterB(config-router)#no auto-summaryRouterB(config-router)#end第五步：查看 RIP 配置信息，路由表RouterA#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - O

13、SPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setR 10.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.1.2,

14、 00:00:03, FastEthernet 0/0R 10.2.2.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet 0/0C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0connected, Loopback 1C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0！可以看到 RIP 路由表中已經(jīng)學習到了子網(wǎng)的路由RouterA#show ip ripRouting Protocol is ripSending updates e

15、very 30 seconds, next due in 23 secondsInvalid after 180 seconds, flushed after 120 secondsOutgoing update filter list for all interface is: not setIncoming update filter list for all interface is: not setDefault redistribution metric is 1Redistributing:Default version control: send version 2, recei

16、ve version 2Interface Send Recv Key-chainFastEthernet 0/0 2 2Loopback 0 2 2Loopback 1 2 2Routing for Networks:Distance: (default is 120)！在配置 RIPv2 版本后，RIP 路由器將只接收和發(fā)送版本 2 的更新報文RouterA#show ip rip database1 via 192.168.1.2 FastEthernet 0/0 00:281 via 192.168.1.2 FastEthernet 0/0 00:281 directly connec

17、ted, Loopback 01 directly connected, Loopback 11 directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0！RIP 的數(shù)據(jù)庫中保存了子網(wǎng)條目的信息RouterA#show ip rip interfaceFastEthernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 B

18、roadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:FastEthernet 0/1 is down, line protocol is downRIP is not enabled on this interfaceNull 0 is up, line protocol is upRIP is not enabled on this interfaceLoopback 0 is up, line protocol is upRouting P

19、rotocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:Loopback 1 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets only

20、Send RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:RouterB#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA externa

21、l type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setC 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0C 10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected,

22、 Loopback 1RRCC172.16.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:22, FastEthernet 0/0172.16.2.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:22, FastEthernet 0/0192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0RouterB#show ip ripRouting Protocol is ripSending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 22 secondsInvalid

23、 after 180 seconds, flushed after 120 secondsOutgoing update filter list for all interface is: not setIncoming update filter list for all interface is: not setDefault redistribution metric is 1Redistributing:Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2Interface Send Recv Key-chainFastE

24、thernet 0/0Loopback 0Loopback 1222222Routing for Networks:Distance: (default is 120)RouterB#RouterB#show ip rip datRouterB#show ip rip database1 directly connected, Loopback 01 directly connected, Loopback 11 via 192.168.1.1 FastEthernet 0/0 00:021 via 192.168.1.1 FastEthernet 0/0 00:021 directly co

25、nnected, FastEthernet 0/0RouterB#show ip rip interfaceFastEthernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not Configure

26、dIP interface address:FastEthernet 0/1 is down, line protocol is downRIP is not enabled on this interfaceNull 0 is up, line protocol is upRIP is not enabled on this interfaceLoopback 0 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface:

27、DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broadcast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:Loopback 1 is up, line protocol is upRouting Protocol: RIPReceive RIPv2 packets onlySend RIPv2 packets onlyPassive interface: DisabledSplit horizon: EnabledV2 Broad

28、cast: DisabledMulticast registe: RegistedInterface Summary Rip:Not ConfiguredIP interface address:第六步：測試網(wǎng)絡連通性Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/10 msSending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 10.2.2.1, timeout is

29、 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 msSending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 msSending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate i

30、s 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/10 ms第七步：用 debug 命令觀察路由器接收和發(fā)生路由更新的情況下面是一個完整的 RIPv2 路由器接收更新和發(fā)送更新的過程，從中可以看到 RouterB接收到了 RouterA 發(fā)送的更新，其中包含兩條路由信息 和（可以看到水平分割原則的作用），然后刷新了路由表。RouterB 本身發(fā)送的更新報文則在 Fa0/0、Lo0 和 Lo1 三個端口發(fā)出，使用組播方式，組播地址為，使用的是 UDP 520 端口。在水平分割的原則下，每個端口發(fā)送的路由信息均不相同。注意 RIPv2 的更新報文格

31、式和 RIPv1 的不同。RouterB#debug ip ripRouterB#Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP RIP recveived packet, sock=2125src=192.168.1.1 len=44Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP Cancel peer remove timerAug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7:RIP Peer remove timer shedule.Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP Both do not need auth, Auth okmas

32、k 255.255.255.0 nhop 0.0.0.0 metric 1mask 255.255.255.0 nhop 0.0.0.0 metric 1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP Received version 2 response packetAug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIProutesrc=192.168.1.1 intf=1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIPAug8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 RIP route refresh!Aug 8 21:

33、58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 RIP distance apply from192.168.1.1!Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 ready to refresh kernel.distance=120 metric=1 nexthop_num=1 distance=120 nexhop=192.168.1.1 ifindex=1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 cancel route timerAug 8 21:58:08 Route

34、rB %7: RIP 172.16.1.0/24 route timer schedule.Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIProutesrc=192.168.1.1 intf=1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIPAug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 RIP route refresh!Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 RIP distance apply from192.168.1.1!Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %

35、7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 ready to refresh kernel.distance=120 metric=1 nexthop_num=1 distance=120 nexhop=192.168.1.1 ifindex=1Aug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 cancel route timerAug 8 21:58:08 RouterB %7: RIP 172.16.2.0/24 route timer schedule.Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Output timer expir

36、ed to send reponseAug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST response.Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on FastEthernet 0/0Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520 onFastEthernet 0/0Aug 8 2

37、1:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST response.Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Building update entries on Loopback 0Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7:Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Send packet to 224.0.0.9 Port 520 onLoopback 0Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Prepare to send MULTICAST response.Aug 8 21:58:23 RouterB %7: RIP Building update en