分句合句法研究生翻譯課

1、精選ppt分句、合句法精選ppt分譯和合譯 西文的句式一般是以主句、并列句、從句及各類起 修飾作用的短語構(gòu)成的,以主語和謂語為核心,從左到 右,像一顆左邊長滿了樹枝(right-branching)的樹一 般。而中文的句式往往以動詞為中心,以時間順序為 邏輯語序的流水型的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。英文句子,如果語法 結(jié)構(gòu)運用得好,可以很長,而翻譯成中文就必須拆成多 個短句。這種情況下的翻譯就應(yīng)采用分譯和合譯,以 靈活處理句子的長度。如: 原文:It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good for

2、tune must be in want of a wife.(J.Austen:Pride and Prejudice) 譯文:凡是有錢的單身漢,總想娶位太太,這是一 條舉世公認的真理。(簡奧斯丁的傲慢與偏見)精選ppt一、分句(Division) 英語長句較多。句子修飾語多且長，句子英語長句較多。句子修飾語多且長，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜；而漢語中長句則相對較少，修結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜；而漢語中長句則相對較少，修飾語也較少且短。所以英譯漢時，不能照飾語也較少且短。所以英譯漢時，不能照樣克隆復(fù)制，而是得根據(jù)漢語的特點，靈樣克隆復(fù)制，而是得根據(jù)漢語的特點，靈活處理。分句（切分）就是一種常見的方活處理。分句（切分）就是

3、一種常見的方法，是指把英語中的長句分譯成兩個或兩法，是指把英語中的長句分譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。個以上的句子。 分句分三類：單詞分譯、短語分譯、句子分句分三類：單詞分譯、短語分譯、句子分譯分譯精選ppt1）單詞分譯 單詞分譯是指把原文中的一個單詞拆譯成一個句子。采用單詞分譯主要有兩個目的：一是為了句法上的需要。由于一些單詞在搭配、詞義等方面的特點，直譯會使句子生硬晦澀，翻譯腔十足，而把某個單詞分譯卻能使句子通順，切不損傷原意。二是為了修辭上的需要，如加強語氣、突出重點等。英語中的名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等都可以分譯。精選ppt1.Scofflaws abound in amazing var

4、iety.玩忽法令者形形色色，令人吃驚。/比較：。令人吃驚的多種多樣。2.At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.現(xiàn)在，人們都傾向于采取不偏不倚的態(tài)度來回答問題，因為它安全，不招風(fēng)險。/ 。選擇不偏不倚回答問題的安全。3。We recognize that Chinas long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.我們認識到，中國的長期現(xiàn)

5、代化計劃以發(fā)展經(jīng)濟為重點，這是可以理解的，也是必要的。/ 。可以理解和必要地強調(diào)。精選ppt4.The prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters.允許戰(zhàn)俘領(lǐng)取紅十字會的食品包裹，也允許他們寫信，不過信要受到檢查。/。寫經(jīng)過檢查的信。精選ppt2）短語分譯）短語分譯短語分譯是指把原文中的一個短語分譯成一個句子。名詞短語、分短語分譯是指把原文中的一個短語分譯成一個句子。名詞短語、分詞短語、介詞短語等有時都可以分譯成句子。詞短語、介詞短語等有時都可以分譯成句子。1）Invi

6、tingly green Angel Island, once a military installation, contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a days excursion. 迷人的天使島郁郁蔥蔥，小徑蜿蜒，是一日游的理想野餐場所。但在過去它卻是一個軍事基地。 （名詞短語分譯。）2。During several hours of semiconscious sleep， Lydia dreamed of Jean-Jaques， feeling his presence.幾個小時過去了，莉迪亞一直處于半清醒的睡眠

7、狀態(tài)。她做了個夢，夢見了讓雅克，覺得他就在她的身邊。（介詞短語分譯）精選ppt3. Once considered an art colony， Sansalito is now a chic enclave of boutiques and high-priced homes nestled in the hillsides.索薩利托曾被認為是藝術(shù)的聚集地，可現(xiàn)在山坡上卻到處是時裝精品店和高級住宅，豪華漂亮。 (分詞短語分譯)精選ppt3）句子分譯句子分譯可以分為簡單句的分譯、并列句的分譯、主從復(fù)合句的分譯以及其他情況的分譯。（一）簡單句的分譯（根據(jù)情況，靈活處理）一）簡單句的分譯（根據(jù)情況

8、，靈活處理）1。Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle。黎明時分，大霧彌漫，細雨蒙蒙。2。A peasant and his family were working in a little field beneath the singing larks。有個農(nóng)民一家人正在一小塊地里干活，頭頂上云雀在歌唱。3. A therapeutic mattress was installed for Kennedys bad back. 肯尼迪的背有毛病，所以為他準(zhǔn)備了能起治療作用的床墊。精選ppt4. In 1921 his mothers death w

9、as closely followed by that of his three-year-old daughter Marigold.1921年他的母親去世，緊接著他3歲的女兒瑪麗戈爾德也死去。（二）并列復(fù)合句的分譯：常常在分句連接處加以切分，譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。1。Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and sounded puzzled when Alan asked for Jone.電話鈴響過了幾秒鐘之后，海倫瑪奇拿起話筒。聽到艾倫問起瓊，她的聲音流露起迷惑的語調(diào)。（在連詞and處切分

10、）2. Latin must have been very laborious , even if you were brought up to it; but no doubt it gave the Romans, and the Greeks too, a fine and easy way of establishing their posthumous fame.即使你從小就在拉丁語語言環(huán)境中長大，學(xué)起來你也定會感到吃力。然而，毫無疑問，拉丁語給古羅馬人以及古希臘人開辟了一條使他們死后留名的絕妙便捷的途徑。（在分號處切分）精選ppt3. I remember the cold nig

11、ht you brought in a pile of logs and a chipmunk jumped off as you lowered your arms.我記得那個寒冷的夜里，你從外面抱進來一捆干柴。在你放下雙臂我記得那個寒冷的夜里，你從外面抱進來一捆干柴。在你放下雙臂時，一只金花鼠跳了下來。（在連詞時，一只金花鼠跳了下來。（在連詞and處處切分切分）（三）主從復(fù)合句的分譯：常在分句連接處加以切分，分譯成兩個三）主從復(fù)合句的分譯：常在分句連接處加以切分，分譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。或兩個以上的句子。1.White House officials have acknowledged

12、 during the past week that disclosure of the secret dealings was the latest and most serious in a number of recent issues that have raised broad questions about the administrations credibility.在過去的一周中，白宮官員們承認，秘密交易的泄露是近來發(fā)生的一系列問題中最新最嚴重的一個。這些問題已使許多人對政府的信譽明顯地產(chǎn)生了懷疑。（在that引導(dǎo)的從句前切分。）精選ppt2. In the course o

13、f my travels in America I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer.我在美國旅行期間，注意到了一種根深諦固的憂郁癥。我覺得這種憂郁癥似乎極其普遍，這給社會改革家出了難題。（在第一個which引導(dǎo)的從句前切分。）3.The day of the big snow， when you had to shovel the wa

14、lk and couldnt find your cap and asked me how to wind a towel so that it would stay on your head- you， in the white towel turban， like a crazy king of the snow.那天下著大雪，你得去鏟除道上的積雪。一時又找不到帽子，就問我怎樣才能把毛巾裹在頭上又不讓它掉下來。那時的你，頭上裹著白毛巾，簡直像一個雪中古怪的國王。（在破折號處切分。）精選ppt 有的長句的翻譯需要根據(jù)意群的分布等具體情況來進行靈活處理. 1。Suddenly the door

15、 bursts open and the Time Traveler appears, dirty, disheveled, and bedraged,with a nasty cut on his chin.突然，門猛然開了，時間旅行家出現(xiàn)。他十分骯臟，衣冠不整，滿身是泥，下巴額被嚴重劃傷。（在appear后切分）2。The day before I was to leave I went walking across the river to the red mesa， where many times before I had gone to be alone with my thoug

16、hts.臨行前一天，我淌過河來到紅石山下。我以前曾多次來過這里，臨行前一天，我淌過河來到紅石山下。我以前曾多次來過這里，獨自遐想一番。（獨自遐想一番。（where 后為一意義單位，所以切分。）后為一意義單位，所以切分。）精選ppt 3.Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to a

17、dapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. 人類把自己和其他動物區(qū)別開來。與此同時，人類還具有觀察和了解周圍環(huán)境的能力，他們要么適應(yīng)環(huán)境，要么控制環(huán)境，或根據(jù)自身的需要改造環(huán)境。人類就這樣一代代地生存下來。精選pptThree other techniques to translate the long sentences Reversing(倒置法)： It means changing or adjusting the sentence structure thoroughly or par

18、tly in order to have translation arranged in harmony with the Chinese syntax. And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born， and the kind of people among whom he was born. 他出生在這一類人中間,出生在這種地方,他還有這樣的母親;這些要是讓他知道的話,他會多麼丟人。精選ppt2)Inserti

19、ng(插入法) By inserting, we mean the use of dash, bracket and comma to insert the difficult part in translation. Correct use of dash, bracket or comma to insert the difficult part will keep the original style untouched and it is convenient to do so, in the meanwhile, it can avoid careless omission. On

20、this and succeeding days, during which our anticraft guns were doubled in numbers, very hard and continuous air fighting took place over the capital, and the Luftweffe were still confident through their overestimation of our losses.在當(dāng)天和隨后的幾天（我們的高射炮在這幾天增加了一倍），首都上空發(fā)生了連續(xù)不斷的激烈空戰(zhàn)，德國空軍由于過多地估計了我們的損失，因而仍然信心

21、十足。精選ppt3）Recasting（重組） By recasting, we mean breaking the crust structure of original sentence on the basis of complete digestion, having the original reorganized and rearranged according to the original meaning.The great difficulty of introducing radically new computer architectures which requires

22、 customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace.采用全新的計算機體系結(jié)構(gòu)，勢必要求用戶改寫其大部分軟件，因此難以付諸實現(xiàn)，這就排除了這種技術(shù)進入商品市場的可能性。精選ppt作業(yè) 1.Its crisp climate and heartstopping views make it a great walking town for the fit. 2. I sat w

23、ith his wife in their living room， looking out the glass doors to the backyards， and there was Allens pool， still covered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.3.One day， while out on the bleak moors， Rip is startled by a hulking， menacing man who threatens him if he doesnt

24、 bring him some food immediately。4.Tabacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say No Smoking.精選ppt 1.這里氣候涼爽干燥，景觀令人驚嘆，對于身體好的人來說是徒步游覽的好去處。2.我跟他妻子一起坐在他們家的起居室里，望著玻璃門外的后院。后院里有阿倫的游泳池，上面還蓋著過冬時鋪上去的黑色塑料棚。3。匹普外出在陰冷的荒原上游蕩時，一個魁梧、兇狠的男子把他嚇了一跳。這個男子威脅他，讓他立即為他送些食物來。4.癮君子對那些“嚴禁吸煙”的布告牌視而不見，真是不可救藥。精選ppt合句 一般

25、說來，英語的句子要比漢語長，英譯漢時切分用的較多；但是較口語化的英語句子也比較短，英譯漢時有時也得用合并。合并法多運用于英語簡單句的翻譯，特別是兩個或兩個以上的英文句子共用相同的主語的時候，漢語一般不喜歡重復(fù)某一名詞，或使用某一代詞作主語，在這種情況下，不如把幾句話串聯(lián)成漢語的一句話。 合并一般用于兩種情況：一，簡單句與簡單句的合并: 即把兩個或兩個簡單句合并為一個句子1. She is intelligent, ambitious and hardworking.She is good at solving problems.她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，還善于解決問題。精選ppt2.Th

26、e door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse ,barely able to move her swollen feet.門沒上鎖，他走了進去，呆呆地坐了下來，極度的衰弱幾乎使她無力挪動她那紅腫的雙腳。3.He was shocked. Never before had anyone come alone, on foot, to his fathers cabin.他大為震驚，因為過去從來沒有人孤身步行去過他父親的小木屋。二，復(fù)合句的合并：把原文的主從復(fù)合句或并列句譯成一個簡單句

27、或詞組。1.We are going to have to be prepared to operate with people who are nuts。我們將不得不應(yīng)付那些難對付的家伙。精選ppt2。Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to her.許多條件不如她的人都已經(jīng)結(jié)了婚。3。The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.每次看病

28、的診斷似乎都和我所有的感覺完全相符。兩句或幾句主語一致時，可以合并。When John ran out of canvas， he wrote his two brothers to send more. He received instead a tough， brown cotton cloth made in France.約翰用完了帆布，便寫信叫哥哥再發(fā)來一些，不想收到的卻是法國產(chǎn)的一種堅韌的棕色棉布。（兩句共用主語he,譯成兩個”他”，就羅嗦，合句反而語言緊湊。）精選ppt練習(xí) 1.By now you know that getting your moneys worth is n

29、ot just a matter of luck. It is more often the result of buying skill. 2.The silence lenghthened. Stepping to the table, I took Lydias hand and said, “come with me.” 3. A shell landed within thirty feet of the cobra. The grass waved. The ground shocked. 4.Raccoon coats are unsanitary. They shed. The

30、y smell bad. They weighed too much. They are unsightly. 5.Past the row of pine trees that line the road, the sky opened up with the full moon on it.精選ppt 1.大家知道,錢要花得值并非僅僅靠運氣,通常更需要的購物技巧. 2.上時間沉默后,我走向餐桌,抓起利迪亞的手說：“跟我走吧?！?3.在距離眼鏡蛇30英尺處落下一顆炮彈。巨大的爆炸聲使得草動地顫。 4.浣熊皮衣不衛(wèi)生、掉毛、味道難聞、笨重且不好看。 5.走過路邊那排松樹，天空豁然開朗，一輪滿月

31、掛在上面精選ppt合句也是翻譯長句的方法之一-Embedding The so-called embedding means placing the modifiers （including phrases and sentences）before the word being modified， thus the modifiers are embedded in the Chinese sentences.精選ppt 1.A moleculoe may be considered as the smallest unit that can exist without changing its nature. 可以認為,分子在不改變物質(zhì)性質(zhì)的情況下能夠存在的物質(zhì)的最小的微粒。 2.This is no class war,but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed,or party. 這不是一場階級之間的戰(zhàn)爭,而是一場不分種族、不分信、不分黨派、整個大英帝國及英聯(lián)邦全體成員無不參加的戰(zhàn)爭。精選ppt 3.Congress has made laws requr