主語從句詳細(xì)講解及綜合練習(xí)

1、主語從句一、概念：在復(fù)合句中起主語作用的從句叫主語從句。（一） 連接詞 從屬連詞：that、whether；關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等；例： What he saidis true. That you dont like himis noneof my business.Whether the football gamewillbe playeddepends

2、on theweather.主語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。（1）_ he finished writing the composition in such a short time _(驚訝) us all.（2）_we will go for an outing tomorrow _（remains，remained） unknown.（3）_ will be our monitor _(be) decided yet.（4）_we must study for _ (be) a question of great importance.（5）_ caused the accid

3、ent _（remains，remained）unknown.（6）_ you did _ (be)right.（7）_ watch _(be) lost is unknown.（8）_we need _(be) time.（9）_ we need _(be) good doctors.小結(jié):（1)主語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)影響和限制。（2)連詞位于句首不能省略（3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三單,但也有例外,如例91. 從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句。從屬連詞that，whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，不能省略。例： _ they wil

4、l gois certain._ she will come or notis still a question. _ shes coming or notdoesnt matter too much.2. it作形式主語引導(dǎo)主語從句。如果主語從句太長(zhǎng)，為避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，我們可用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在主句謂語部分之后。That引導(dǎo)的主語從句可用it代替，that 不可省略。用作it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）It is/was +形容詞+that 從句Its natural that很自然 Its obvious that 顯而易見Its fortunate that 幸運(yùn)的是 I

5、ts (im)possible（不）可能Its unlikely that不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是（2）It is/was +名詞+that 從句Its a pity that遺憾的是 Its a fact that 事實(shí)是Its good news that是好消息 Its a wonder that不足為奇Its an honour that 非常榮幸 Its a shame that真是可恥Its common knowledge that 是常識(shí)（3）It +不及物動(dòng)詞+that 從句It seems that 似乎 It happened that碰巧It a

6、ppears that看來 It turns out that結(jié)果（4）It is/was +過去分詞+that 從句Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that據(jù)說Its reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 Its decided that尚未決定Its believed that 據(jù)認(rèn)為 Its announced that據(jù)宣布It suddenly struck me (occur to me that 我突然想到（感覺到）（5）其他It doesnt matter 是無關(guān)緊要的It makes no difference 毫無區(qū)別It is of lit

7、tle consequence that無關(guān)緊要It is a pity_ she has made such a mistake. 她犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤是令人遺憾的事。Its strange_ he didnt come yesterday. 他昨天沒來是很奇怪的。It is reported_ the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)非洲野生動(dòng)物的數(shù)量正在減少。It is said_ there was a terrible plane crash this morning.據(jù)說今天早上有一起可怕的飛機(jī)墜毀事故。1）主語從句在句

8、首時(shí)，必須由連注意:接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞；但是如果用it做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時(shí)，從屬連詞that可以省略。誤：They should like each other is natural.正：That they should like each other is natural.正：It is natural that they should like each other.2)如果主語從句放在句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，但是如果用it 做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用if引導(dǎo).誤：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful

9、.正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.4) . 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣, 謂語動(dòng)詞用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, should有時(shí)可以省略。5) 在It + be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that從句的謂語也應(yīng)該用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, should有時(shí)可以省略。Does _ matter if he c

10、ant finish the job on time ?A. this B. that C. he D. it _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. ItIt is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master _ is known to ever

11、ybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What 3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。（1）關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語或定語，不能省略。_ leaves the room lastought toturn off the lights. 走得最晚的應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)燈。_ you have donemightdo harm t

12、ootherpeople. 你的行為可能傷害別人。_ he said at the meetingastonished everybody present.他在會(huì)議上的發(fā)言時(shí)所有入會(huì)者吃驚。_ made the long distance callis not important. 誰打的長(zhǎng)途電話并不重要。（2）what引導(dǎo)主語從句“的東西/事情”時(shí)，可用來表示the thing(s)which這種意思，引導(dǎo)從句，表示一樣?xùn)|西與一件事情，這種用法的what稱為關(guān)系代詞型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。這些關(guān)系

13、詞在句子中充當(dāng)成分，所以不能省略。此類主語從句不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)。_(=The thing which I need)is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移動(dòng)電話。_ leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)shouldtell me.無論是誰離開辦公室都應(yīng)該告訴我。4、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句。連接副詞有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，它們?cè)趶木渲袚?dān)任狀語，不能省略。此類主語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為以it作形式主語的句子。_ he didn

14、t come hereis not clear to anyone. 他為什么沒來誰也不清楚。_ a telephone worksis a question which not everyone can answer. 電話是怎樣工作的，這個(gè)問題并不是每個(gè)人都能回答。_ she has goneis not known yet. 她去了哪兒，還不知道。_ they will starthas not been decided yet. 他們何時(shí)動(dòng)身還未定下來。_ he did itdidnt concern me. 他為什么做這件事與我無關(guān)。5、主語從句不可位于句首的四種情況。（1）含主語從

15、句的復(fù)合句是疑問句、感嘆句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前，用引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語。Is it really truethat he has gone abroad? 他真的出國(guó)了嗎？How surprising it wasthat he failed in the exam! 真令人驚奇，他考試沒有及格！（2）It is said, reported, 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。Its saidthat the play is very interesting. 據(jù)說戲劇很有趣。Its reportedthat the highway will be opened to traffic next we

16、ek.據(jù)報(bào)道，高速路下周通車。（3）It happens, occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。It occurred to herthat she had forgotten to lock the door. 她突然想起忘了鎖門。It happenedthat I met him in the street. 我恰巧在大街上遇到了他。（4）It doesnt matter how, whether or not結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。It doesnt matterwhether he likes it or not. 他喜歡與否無關(guān)緊要。It doesnt matterhow he

17、will come. 他怎么來不重要。6、it作形式主語與it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較。 it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)（特別是謂語較短時(shí)），主語從句的連詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)某一句子成分的強(qiáng)調(diào)（這一成分可以是詞、詞組或句子），其結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is(was)+ 強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that”。無論強(qiáng)調(diào)什么成分，都要求用連接詞that(強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)可以用who代替)。It is certainthatshe will succeed.她會(huì)成功是肯定的。（主語從句）It is in New YorkthatI met him.是在紐約我見到了他。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）7. what 與that 在引

18、導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation. That 只起連接作用,不做成分1. _ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Whether D. How2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. W

19、hat B. That C. The fact D. The matter3. _we cant get seems better than _we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what4. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 5. _ you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether8.

20、 主語從句需注意的問題(1)主語從句中用陳述語序What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris. ( What is she afraid of Wrong )(2)主語從句后謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)That they havent phoned is strange.(3)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，that不可被省略That price will go up is certain.(4) 引導(dǎo)主語從句，放在句首時(shí)，不能用if，只能用whether。Whether we will hold a party in the open air to

21、morrow depends on the weather. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where(5)whatever / whoever的功用whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。what

22、ever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別。如： Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主語從句）（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （讓步狀語從句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）anyone與the

23、 person皆不能引導(dǎo)從句. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. WhoIt is generally considered unwise to get a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever練習(xí)： 填入適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞1. It is likely _ he is the winner of this game. 很可能他是這場(chǎng)游戲的勝利者。2

24、. _ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear.= It is not clear _ she bought so many dictionaries. 不清楚她為什么買這么多字典。3. _ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy. 他考上了北大，這讓他的老師和父母很高興。4. Its a pity_ you cant attend my birthday party.很可惜你不能參加我的生日聚會(huì)。5. _ we will build

25、 a new high school hasnt been decided.我們是否要建新高中還沒決定呢。6. _ breaks the law should be punished. 不管誰違法都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。7. It is necessary _ the problem (should) be solved at once.很有必要立刻解決這個(gè)問題。8. _ he was born is unknown. 他生于何時(shí)還不知道。9 It is possible _ he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小車。10. _ has broken the glass is u

26、nknown. 誰打破了玻璃現(xiàn)在還不知道。11. _ he wants is all here. 他所要的東西都在這里。12. _ he worked it out is still a secret.他是如何把它做出來的還是一個(gè)秘密。13. _ they makes in this factory are TV sets.他們?cè)诠S里所做的東西就是電視機(jī)。14. _ they would support us was a problem.他們是否會(huì)支持我們還是一個(gè)問題。15. _ you want is yours. 你要哪個(gè)哪個(gè)就是你的。16. _ we need is money. 我們

27、需要的是錢。17._ we arrive doesnt matter. 什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。18. _ it was done was a mystery. 這是怎樣做的是一個(gè)謎。19 _ this happened is not clear to anyone.這件事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。20. _ I spend my summer is no business of yours.我在哪里過暑假不關(guān)你的事。練習(xí)一1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried

28、her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for3.When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known4. _ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a

29、few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late5. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.It _

30、Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. Wha

31、t, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. H

32、ow D. Who14._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15._he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17. ._you come or not is up to you.

33、A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18._makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19._team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who練習(xí)二1. has he

34、lped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was he said disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. he said at the meeting surprised

35、everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5. was to return to school. A. That really interested him B. What really interested him C. Which really interested him D. That interest him really6. makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever7._ he made an impo

36、rtant speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How8. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A If B Whether C That D Where9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. whether B. That C. what D. when10.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C.

37、has D have11. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it12. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for13. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It14. _ what they told

38、me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have15. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that16. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; bec