上海八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語U1語法點(diǎn)知識(shí)梳理和練習(xí)

1、 中小學(xué)課外輔導(dǎo)專家 致易教育個(gè)性化輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)生編號(hào)8NJ學(xué)生姓名授課教師輔導(dǎo)學(xué)科八年級(jí)英語教材版本滬教版授課時(shí)間課題名稱Unit 1 Penfriends課時(shí)數(shù)2課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn) One day, a father and his little son were going home. At this age, the boy was interested in all kinds of things and was always asking questions. Now, he asked, "What's the meaning of the word '

2、Drunk', dad?" "Well, my son," his father replied, "look, there are standing two policemen. If I regard the two policemen as four then I am drunk." "But, dad," the boy said, " there's only ONE policeman!" Unit 1 Penfriends【W(wǎng)ords and Phrases】 1.【學(xué)習(xí)】

3、ambition n. 【解釋】wish or goalOne of his ambitions is to become the president of the company.【詞組】full of ambition 雄心勃勃He is always full of ambition.【詞形轉(zhuǎn)換】ambitious adj. 有雄心的，野心勃勃的2.【學(xué)習(xí)】enclose v.【解釋】put inside I enclose a check for 1000 yuan.3.【辨析】in the corner、on the corner、at the cornerIn the corner

4、多用于指在直角的內(nèi)角里The flowers are in the corner of the room.On the corner多用于指在直角的頂點(diǎn)上The box is on the corner of the desk.At the corner表示在拐角周圍，范圍要大一些Be careful when you are at the corner of the street4.【辨析】own與haveown作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“占有，擁有”，與have意思相近，但own更強(qiáng)調(diào)物品的歸屬為某人。own作為形容詞常常放在所有格之后，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。Everyone has his own hobb

5、ies. He is his own man and she is her own woman.5.【辨析】during和forduring的含義是“在期間”，它既可以指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在一個(gè)特定時(shí)期里連續(xù)不斷的進(jìn)行，也可以指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在這個(gè)時(shí)期當(dāng)中的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生。如：He was sick for a week and during that week he lost some weight.It snowed heavily for days but stopped snowing during that night.during的常見用法有：during the last four days,

6、during the winter, during that time, during my holidays, during her interview, during our stay in Japan等而for的含義是指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)期里處于連續(xù)不斷的狀態(tài)。如：They worked for the whole day.for的常見用法有：for the first time, for a couple of weeks, for two months, for many years, for a long time6.【辨析】maybe與may be maybe是副詞，意為“也許，可

7、能”，在句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于perhaps，常位于句首。如：Maybe shell come this afternoon.may be是兩個(gè)詞，其中的may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be是 動(dòng)詞原形，兩者構(gòu)成完整的謂語形式，與主語形成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“也許是，可能是”，如：He may be a soldier. maybe和may be在有些情況下可以互換可以互換，如：He may be in the office=Maybe he is in the office.You may be right=Maybe you are right.7.【辨析】maybe, perhaps, possibly, pr

8、obably maybe意為“可能，也許”比其余幾個(gè)詞更為隨意和不正式，表示的可能性不大，也可以表示一種非常委婉、禮貌的建議或要求，如：He didnt feel quite right; maybe he got sunstroke. perhaps作“可能”解，是較為常用、也較為正式的詞，表示的可能性也不十分大。它可以表示建議或要求，也可以表示以禮貌的方式下達(dá)命令，如：Perhaps he will kindly give us a hand when we are in trouble. possibly意為“可能，大概”，表示的可能性較大?？谡Z中也常表示委婉的請(qǐng)求，如：This is

9、possibly his best performance. probably意為“很可能，大概”表示的可能性最大，是一種近乎肯定的意思。如：There is probably some kind of living matter on some other planets, but we do not know yet.8.【辨析】something與some thingssome things=a few things,分開寫thing用復(fù)數(shù)形式something總是單數(shù)形式9.【辨析】have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to

10、 去過（人已離開那里）have gone to 去了（人不在這里）have been in 呆在，逗留10.【歸納】常見的學(xué)科名稱語文Chinese數(shù)學(xué)math / mathematics英語English物理physics化學(xué)chemistry生物biology社會(huì)學(xué)social study化學(xué)chemistry地理geography體育PE政治politics手工arts and crafts音樂music美術(shù)art科學(xué)science11.【歸納】play chess與play常搭配的詞組包括運(yùn)動(dòng)play basketball/football/volleyball/rugby/hocke

11、y/golf等play chess/game/musicplay和樂器搭配使用play the piano/violin/guitar/trumpet等12.【近義】be keen on 對(duì)著迷be keen on = be very interested in= like sth. very much13.【挖掘】tell vt. 通過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)；辨別；告訴例句： How can you tell it is a letter not a story or a poem? 辨別表示“辨別”時(shí)，常用的搭配為tell A from B把A跟B辨別開, tell the difference說出差異

12、表示“告訴”的意思時(shí)，?？假e補(bǔ)詞組tell sb. to do sth.14.【拓展】work的幾個(gè)詞組work as 擔(dān)任work at 從事；鉆研work for 為工作；為做事15.【拓展】all的幾個(gè)詞組at all 強(qiáng)調(diào)否定句：根本（不）notat all 一點(diǎn)也不in all 總共all in 極度疲勞的【Grammar】1. 特殊疑問詞意思用法例句who誰問人的身份，姓名等He is LiLie Who is he ?He is my brother. Who is he ?whom誰問人的身份，姓名等(問賓語）I can ask him the question.Whom ca

13、n you ask the question?what什么問人的職業(yè)或事物是什么He is a worker. What is he?He has a book. What does he have ?which哪一個(gè)問一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物The big box is mine. Which box is yours?The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann?whose誰的問所屬關(guān)系This is her book. Whose book is this ?This book is hers. Whose is this book?what

14、 color什么顏色問顏色（表語）My skirt is red. What color is your skirt?What time幾點(diǎn)問點(diǎn)時(shí)間We play games at five in the afternoon ?What time do you play games?when什么時(shí)候問時(shí)間We play games in the afternoon ?When do you play games?where什么地方問地點(diǎn)（狀語）We play games at home on Sunday ?Where do you play games on Sunday?why為什么問原因

15、He isn't at school today because he is ill.Why isn't he at school today ?how怎樣問健康狀況、做事的方式等He is fine/strong. How is he ?I go home by bike. How do you go home?how old多大幾歲問年齡He is ten. How old is he ?how many多少跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，問數(shù)量There are thirty boys in my class.How many boys are there in your class?how

16、 much多少跟不可數(shù)名詞問數(shù)量或價(jià)錢 There is some milk in the bottle.How much milk is there in the bottle?how far多遠(yuǎn)問路程It's five kilometers away from here? How far is it from here?how soon多久問in+一段時(shí)間He can finish it in half an hour.How soon can he finish it ?how long多久問一段時(shí)間，問物體的長(zhǎng)短He has lived here for a year. How

17、 long has he lived here?The desk is one meters long. How long is the desk ?how often多久（一次）問頻率I go to see my parents once a month.How often do you go to see your parents?Complete the questions with What . /Who . /Where . /How . 1. _your parents? They're very well. Thank you.2. _ the bus stop? At

18、the end of the street.3. _your son? Five.4. _are these oranges? 2 yuan a kilo.5. _your favourite sport? Skiing.6. _the man in this photo? That's my father.7. _your new shoes? Black.Complete the questions with How + adjective/adverb. 用"How + 形容詞或副詞”完成下列句子1. _is Mount Qomolangma? 8,844 metres

19、.2. _ is it from here to Shanghai Railway Station? It's about 2 kilometres.3. _is Helen? She's 26.4. _do the buses run? Every ten minutes.5. _is the water in the pool? Two metres.6. _have you lived here? Nearly three years.7. _ is your flat? About 100 square metres.8. _is the book? 28 Yuan.2

20、. 不定冠詞1. 不定冠詞a或an與名詞連用的基本規(guī)則：a/an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前sports, people, children等復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不加a/an，不可數(shù)名詞前不可加冠詞不定冠詞a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前，而不定冠詞an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞詞前注意，u開頭的單詞，若發(fā)音為“右”，則不用anan umbrella a university2.不定冠詞a/an在句子中的應(yīng)用當(dāng)?shù)谝淮握劦侥橙嘶蚴挛飼r(shí)，使用不定冠詞There is a man at the door.當(dāng)談?wù)摰焦ぷ骰蚵殬I(yè)時(shí)，使用不定冠詞My father is an engineer now, but he was a so

21、ldier before.a/an表示“一”的含義時(shí)a hundred pounds half a kilo3. 英文書信1) 英文書信的寫作格式信內(nèi)右上角寫寄信人地址。注意按從小到大寫，這和中文書信的習(xí)慣不太一樣寄信人地址下寫上寫信日期稱呼收信人。正式信函一般用Dear Mr/Miss等，如無法確定性別，則用Dear Sir/Madam,如果是朋友，往往直接在Dear后面加名字，如Dear Simon。信的正文占據(jù)較大篇幅。一般信的開始總要稍加問候，說明寫信的用意，信的結(jié)尾也要祝福收件人，并期待收到對(duì)方的來信。信的最后還要簽名。如是打印的信件，在打上的名字后還需要親筆簽名。2. 信封的格式。

22、有兩點(diǎn)很重要：一是收信人姓名，二是收信人地址。Don Wilson63 King StreetOttawaOntarioK5B 9Y6Canada如：把信寄往住在加拿大安大略省渥太華國王大街63號(hào)(郵編K5B 9Y6)的丹·威爾森，信封上的內(nèi)容示例如下：如果在信封上要注明寫信人姓名及地址的話，可以寫在信封正面的左上角，字號(hào)比收信人信息略小。也可以寫在信封背面的折頁上。3. 課文難句解釋You can call me Jon.句中動(dòng)詞call后帶雙賓語，分別是間接賓語me和直接賓語Jon.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Kate teaches Linda English. (Linda間接賓語 En

23、glish直接賓語)Henry wrote Jenny a letter yesterday. (Jenny間接賓語 a letter直接賓語)and I am about one and a half metres tall.可以用“數(shù)詞+單位+形容詞”來表示身高、體重、長(zhǎng)度、寬度、年齡等。如，He is 179 centimeters tall.The case is 66kg heavy.Eddie is 16 years old.This suitcase is 80 centimeters long, 55 centimeters wide and 15 centimeters hi

24、gh.My hobby is playing chess.在這個(gè)句子中，playing chess是動(dòng)名詞作表語。動(dòng)名詞作表語常常用來表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，如用來表示個(gè)人的興趣愛好等。又如，His hobbies are collecting stamps and playing the violin.My ambition is to be an architect. 本句中to be an architect是動(dòng)詞不定式作表語。又如，To a doctor, the most important thing is to save peoples lives.His job is to

25、help make peoples teethChoose the right answer( ) 1. My younger sister is only seven years old. She is still at_ primary school.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 2. My father is a(n) _. He draws plans for tall buildings.A. engineer B. architect C. bus driver D. teacher( ) 3. This is a photograph of_. Can yo

26、u show me_? A. me, yours B. my, your C. myself, your D. mine, you( ) 4. Let me tell you some things_ my school.A. for B. about C. of D. in( ) 5. Steve is_ a basketball player on the school team. A, else B. too C. either D. also( ) 6. I can _ a little English, but I cannot write it very well. A. say

27、B. talk C. speak D. tell( ) 7. My hobby is_ stamps,A. collect B. collects C. to collect D. collecting( ) 8. The boy is keen on_ football and his ambition is _a football playerin the future.A. playing . to be B. to play . to beC. playing . be D. to play . be( ) 9. What do you enjoy _after class? Play

28、ing football. That's my favourite outdoor activity.A. to do B. do C. did D. doing( ) 10. Walker School is a really good place for Jon because there_ many sports fields in it.A. have B. is C. has D. are( ) 11. I love our small flat_ it's quite close to the mountains.A. because B. and C. so D.

29、 but( ) 12. _ do you like the Bund?It's the most beautiful place I've ever seen.A. How B. What C. How much D. What else( ) 13. _ does your mother do shopping? Once a week.A. How long B. How fast C. How often D. How much( ) 14. The picture looks beautiful, _ ?A. isn't it B. is it C. doesn't it D. does it( ) 15. He has already played the piano for _hour.A) a B) an C) the D) /( ) 16. The Bens usually have _supper in the restaurant at weekends.A) a B) an C) the D) /( ) 17. The boys in our class enjoy _after lunch.A) play football B) playing footballC) play