高中動名詞-的用法(1)教學(xué)教材

1、高中動名詞-的用法(1)一一、動名詞及動名詞短語的構(gòu)成動名詞及動名詞短語的構(gòu)成1. 構(gòu)成方式：構(gòu)成方式：語態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)時態(tài)主動主動被動被動一般式一般式 doing being done完成式完成式 having done having been done 2.否定式：否定式：not +動名詞動名詞(doing)的各種形式的各種形式3. 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動名詞前可以有自己的邏輯主語，作為該動名詞前可以有自己的邏輯主語，作為該動詞所表示的的發(fā)出者。如：動詞所表示的的發(fā)出者。如： their coming, my(me)making a suggestion, his daught

2、ers staying up late window being open二、動名詞的句法功能二、動名詞的句法功能 （一）動名詞作主語（一）動名詞作主語 （二）動名詞作賓語（二）動名詞作賓語 （三）動名詞作表語（三）動名詞作表語 （四）動名詞作定語（四）動名詞作定語（一）動名詞作主語（一）動名詞作主語動名詞作主語多表示抽象的、一般性的動作。動名詞作主語多表示抽象的、一般性的動作。 Swimming has its advantage. Talking mends no holes.空談無濟(jì)于事?？照劅o濟(jì)于事。 Learning without practice is no good.1. Th

3、ere is not telling what will happen. 無法無法預(yù)料會發(fā)生什么事。預(yù)料會發(fā)生什么事。1. 名詞作主語，有時句中使用形式主語名詞作主語，有時句中使用形式主語it而將而將真正主語（動名詞）放到句尾。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：真正主語（動名詞）放到句尾。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：It is +n. + doing.It is + adj. + doingThere is (was) no doing(=It is possible to do). It is no use writing to him; he never answers letters.It is good playing

4、 chess after supper.There is no holding back the wheel of history.注注意意 適用于以上結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞（短語）有：適用于以上結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞（短語）有：no use, no good, fun, a waste (of time), a great pleasure, 等等形容詞有：形容詞有：useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile, foolish, dangerous 等。如：等。如：It is no good learning without practice.It is a waste

5、 of time (worthwhile) discussing such matters.1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？-_ her new bicycle. A.As she lostBLostCLosing Dto lose（二）動名詞作賓語（二）動名詞作賓語動名詞（短語）作賓語包括作謂語動詞的賓語和動名詞（短語）作賓語包括作謂語動詞的賓語和作介詞的賓語兩個概念。作介詞的賓語兩個概念。作介詞的賓語。作介詞的賓語。she left without saying goodbye to us. He insisted on watching t

6、he football game. They succeeded in getting over all the difficulties. They all objected to putting the meeting off.注注意意 在一些動名詞（短語）作介詞在一些動名詞（短語）作介詞in的賓語的賓語 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in 可以省略。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：可以省略。這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：1. difficulty trouble S+have+ problem + (in) doing . a good/hard time fun2. There is no point (in) doing

7、sth. 3. be busy S+ lose time + (in) doing. waste time 4. S + spend time / money (in) doing sth.2. 與動詞不定式相似，動名詞作賓語也是由一與動詞不定式相似，動名詞作賓語也是由一些及物動詞專門要求的。常要求作賓語的動些及物動詞專門要求的。常要求作賓語的動詞有：詞有： admit承認(rèn)，承認(rèn)，anticipate預(yù)料，預(yù)料，appreciate感感謝，謝，avoid，cant help禁不住，禁不住，consider思思考，考，delay耽擱，耽擱，deny否認(rèn)，否認(rèn)，dislike，dread懼怕，懼怕

8、，enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy想象，想象，finish, forbid禁止禁止, forgive, imagine, pardon, permit, postpone延遲延遲, practice, prevent預(yù)防預(yù)防, propose提議，提議，recollect回憶，回憶，resent怨恨，怨恨，resist, risk冒險冒險, save, suggest建議，建議，understand 等。等。注注意意在帶有賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，往往用在帶有賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，往往用it作形式賓語而作形式賓語而將真正賓語（動名詞）放在句尾。將真正賓語（動名詞）放在句尾。 I consi

9、der it a waste of time arguing about it. We found it useless discussing it again. I dont think it worthwhile doing it right now. think consider useless S + find + no use + doing feel like no good etc.2.Our monitor suggested _a discussion of this subject. Ato have Bshould have Chave Dhaving3.You were

10、 brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well，now I regret _that. Ato do Bto be doing Cto have doneDhaving done 5、She looks forward every spring to _the flower-lined garden Avisit Bpay a visit Cwalk in Dwalking in6. The letter that I was looking forward to _ at last. A. coming B. came C. co

11、me D. being come7.What do you think of the book？-Oh，excellentIts worth _a second time Ato readBto be read CreadingDbeing read（三）動名詞作表語（三）動名詞作表語動名詞動名詞(短語短語)作表語用來表示主語的內(nèi)容。作表語用來表示主語的內(nèi)容。 Her job is nursing patients.1. My favorite summer sport is swimming.（四）動名詞作定語（四）動名詞作定語 動名詞作定語放在所修飾的名詞之前，動名詞作定語放在所修飾的名詞

12、之前，表示所修飾的名詞的表示所修飾的名詞的功能、作用功能、作用。 These passages may be used as listening materials. Mr. Wang suffers from insomnia(失眠失眠), he has to take a sleeping tablets before going to bed.1. He is too old and has to walk with the help of a walking stick.三、動名詞的時態(tài)三、動名詞的時態(tài)(一一)、一般式、一般式(doing)(二二)、完成式、完成式(having don

13、e)(一一)、一般式、一般式(doing)動名詞一般式所表示的動作通常與謂語動動名詞一般式所表示的動作通常與謂語動詞所表示的動作詞所表示的動作同時同時發(fā)生或在謂語動作發(fā)生或在謂語動作之之后后發(fā)生。發(fā)生。By reviewing the old, you can learn something new.Some people are interested in singing.Children enjoy watching animated cartoon.某些動詞后，動名詞所表示的動作雖然發(fā)生在謂某些動詞后，動名詞所表示的動作雖然發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，但仍用動名詞的一般式。語動作之前，但仍用動名

14、詞的一般式。I dont remember ever seeing her anywhere.He mentioned meeting the governor at the reception.(二二)、完成式、完成式(having done)動名詞的完成式所表示的動作在謂語動動名詞的完成式所表示的動作在謂語動作作之前之前發(fā)生。發(fā)生。 I regret having been unable to write you earlier. He denied having taken any money from the cash register. I apologize for not hav

15、ing kept my promise.1. We have no ideas of their having done such a thing.四、動名詞的被動語態(tài)四、動名詞的被動語態(tài) （一）一般式（一）一般式 （being done) （二）完成式（二）完成式（having been done)（一）一般式（一）一般式（being done)當(dāng)一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是該動作的對象（即動名詞所表示的動作與邏輯主語有動賓關(guān)系）時，動名詞一般要用被動式。He came in without being asked.I dont mind being left home all by m

16、yself.He disliked being interrupted in his experiment.Tom avoided being punished because of his fathers absence.Before being used, the computer should be tested.注注意意在在want, need, deserve, require 等動詞等動詞及形容詞及形容詞worth后，總是用動名詞的后，總是用動名詞的主動主動形式表示被動意義形式表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于“to be + +過去過去分詞分詞”。My watch needs repa

17、iring (=to be repaired).The house wants cleaning.The way deserves mentioning. 這個方法值得一提。這個方法值得一提。These young trees will require looking after carefully.The Selected Poems is well worth reading. （二）完成式（二）完成式（having been done)如果動名詞所表示的被動動作在謂語所表如果動名詞所表示的被動動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，有時需要用動名詞的示的動作之前發(fā)生，有時需要用動名詞的完成被動式

18、。完成被動式。但大多數(shù)情況下都避免使用但大多數(shù)情況下都避免使用這種完成被動式，而用一般被動式代替，這種完成被動式，而用一般被動式代替，以免句子顯得累贅。以免句子顯得累贅。I dont remember having ever been giving such a book.Without having been invited to the party, he felt sad.1.While shopping，people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really needAto persuade Bpersua

19、ding Cbeing persuaded Dbe persuaded 2:Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party Ahaving not been invited Bnot having invited Chaving not invited Dnot having been invited五、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)五、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞具有動詞的特征，因此它可有自己的邏動名詞具有動詞的特征，因此它可有自己的邏輯主語。如果需要指出動名詞動作的發(fā)出者，輯主語。如果需要指出動名詞動作的發(fā)出者，可在動名詞前加一可在動名詞前加一物主代詞、名詞所有格、名物主代詞

20、、名詞所有格、名詞詞或或人稱代詞賓格人稱代詞賓格來修飾，表示動名詞邏輯上來修飾，表示動名詞邏輯上的主語這樣就構(gòu)成了的主語這樣就構(gòu)成了動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Do you mind my(me) making a suggestion?Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.My daughters staying up so late worried me.I know nothing about the window being open.Are you disappointed at there not bein

21、g more gifts?She was awakened by someone knocking at the door.1. She apologised to me for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. her not being able B. her being not able C. not being able D. that shes not able to 2. I really appreciate(感激感激) _ help to me, but I am sure that I can manage by mys

22、elf. A. you to offer B. that you offer C. your offering D. that you are offering 3. It was impolite of him _ without _ good-bye. A. to leave; saying B. leaving; to say C. to leave; to say D. leaving; saying 4. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean with in 15 days. A. sail B. to sail

23、 C. sailing D. to have sailed5. The competitor never dreamed of _ for him to win the first prize in the 100-metre race. A. there was a chance B. there being a chance C. it being a chance D. it was a chance 6. _ made her parents worried a lot. A. Her not to come back B. Not her to come back C. Not he

24、r coming back D. Her not coming back 六、名詞性動名詞六、名詞性動名詞有時一個動名詞既不帶賓語、狀語也沒有完成有時一個動名詞既不帶賓語、狀語也沒有完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，失去了動詞的特征而更多地時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，失去了動詞的特征而更多地具有了名詞的特點，如動名詞前可加不定冠詞具有了名詞的特點，如動名詞前可加不定冠詞“a”, 詞后加表示復(fù)數(shù)的詞后加表示復(fù)數(shù)的“s”，可被形容詞修飾。，可被形容詞修飾。這種動名詞稱為這種動名詞稱為。They are giving the room a good cleaning.His teaching still exert（施加）（

25、施加） a strong influence.The building of socialism requires our concerted efforts. 建設(shè)社會主義需要我們齊心協(xié)力。建設(shè)社會主義需要我們齊心協(xié)力。Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined He gives people the impression _ many poems.

26、A. of having written B. to have written C. of being written D. to write 3.The thief took away the womans wallet without_. A. being seen B. seeing C. him seeing D. seeing him 4.People appreciate _with him because he has a good sense of humor. A. to work B. to have worked C. working D. have working 5.

27、Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you. A. to be able B. being able C. to been able D. of being able 6. No one can avoid _ by advertisements. A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influence 7. They are considering _ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with buying th

28、e house C. buying the house D. to buy the house 8. He thought that _. A. the effort doing the job was not worth B. the effort was not worth in doing the jobC. it was not worth the effort doing the job D. it was not worth the effort by doing the job9. If I had remembered _ the door, the things would

29、not have been stolen. A. to lock B. locking C. to have locked D. having locked 10. Your shirt needs _. Youd better have it done today. A. iron （熨燙）（熨燙） B. to iron C. ironing D. being ironed 11. You cant help _ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or

30、 another. A. to hear B. to be heard C. hearing D. with hearing 12. It is difficult to get used _ in a tent（帳篷）（帳篷） after having a soft, comfortable bed to lie on. A. sleep B. to sleeping C. slept D. to sleep 13. It is no use _ me not to worry. A. you tell B. your telling C. for you to have told D. h

31、aving told 14. He is very busy _ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers. A. to write.to receive B. writing.to receive C. writing.receiving D. to write.for receiving 15. The suspect（嫌疑犯）（嫌疑犯） at last admitted _ stolen goods but denied _ them. A. receiving.selling B. to receive.to sell C. to receiving.to selling D. to have received.to have sold 16. She apologized for _ to come. A. her not being able B. her being not able C. not being able D. that shes not able to 17. John regretted _ to the meeting last week. A. not going B. not to go C. not having been going D. not to be going 18. Please s